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Christopher Boone`s personality development as an autistic in Haddon`s The Curious Incident of The Dog in The Night-Time.

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ii v ir a s r a n u S i t a l e M , i n a y r u

S .(2012) .Christophe rBoone’ sPersonaltiy Developmen t n i c it s it u A n a s

a Haddon’ sThe Curiou sInciden to fThe Dog i n The Night-Time . : a tr a k a y g o

Y Teacher sTraining and Educaiton Facutly ,Depa trmen to fLanguage . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , m a r g o r P y d u t S e g a u g n a L h s il g n E , n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h

T ’ spersonaltiy developmen ta san e h t t u o b a s i m e l b o r p t s ri f e h T . s m e l b o r p e e r h t n o s e s u c o f y d u t s s i h T . c it s it u a d n o c e s e h T . g n i n n i g e b e h t n i c it s it u a n a s a s ’ e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C f o y ti l a n o s r e p h c y a m t a h t s e c n e ir e p x e e fi l s ’ e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C t u o b a s i m e l b o r

p ange hi s

t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C s i m e l b o r p d ri h t e h T . y ti l a n o s r e p .s e c n e ir e p x e e m o s g n i o g r e d n u r e tf a

Thi sthesi swa s ifnished by applying ilbrary research study. Thi sthesi s o s n r e tt a p e h t d n e h e r p m o c o t h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p d e il p p

a fhuman personaltiy

y r o e h t d e il p p a o s l a s i s e h t s i h t , h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p g n i s u s e d i s e B . r o i v a h e b d n a o t d e s u s a w n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h T . m s it u a d n a y ti l a n o s r e p , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o a d n a y ti l a n o s r e p y r o e h T . e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C f o r e t c a r a h c e h t e z y l a n

a uitsm were

r e h p o t s ir h C g n i n n i g e b e h t n i y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C e z y l a n a o t d e s u .s e c n e ir e p x e e m o s d e c a f e h r e tf a t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n o o B n a s a y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C t u o b a s a w y d u t s e h t f o t l u s e r t s ri f e h T f e h t n O . d li h c c it s it u

a ris t problem , we can see Ch irstophe r Boone’ s special g n it ti h s e k il e H . e l p o e p l a m r o n m o r f t n e r e f fi d e r a h c i h w r o i v a h e b d n a y ti l a n o s r e p r e h t o h ti w e t a c i n u m m o c t o n n a c e H . t e s p u s i e h n e h w s g n i h t g n i h s a m s d n a e l p o e p . s n o it c a e g n a rt s g n i o d s e k il e h , e l p o e

p The second problem i sabou tthe way g n i c a f y b y ti l a n o s r e p s i h s e g n a h c e H . y ti l a n o s r e p s i h s e g n a h c e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C . r e h t o m s i h d n a r e r e d r u m s ’ n o t g n il l e W t u o d n if o t s e ir t e h n e h w s e c n e ir e p x e e m o s c e f f a y t e i c o s d r a w o t y tl u c if fi d s i h e c a f o t s e ir t e h s y a w e h

T t shi spersonaltiy .The

thrid problem formulaiton i st he resul tofthe way Ch irstophe rBoone change shi s y ti l a n o s r e p s i h n o g n i k n i h t d n a s r o i v a h e b e g n a rt

s . On the thrid problem

e tf a d e g n a h c e r a s e it il a n o s r e p s ’ e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C t a h t e e s n a c e w , n o it a l u m r o

f r

. y p a r e h t f o e s u a c e b t o n s e c n e ir e p x e e m o s g n i o g r e d n u t s ri f e h T . s n o it s e g g u s o w t e s o p o r p o t e k il d l u o w r e h c r a e s e r e h t , y ll a n i F n o ) s ( r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f e h t r o f s i n o it s e g g u

s Ch irstophe rBoone in t he nex tyears . a c y e h T . s r e d a e r r o f s i n o it s e g g u s d n o c e s e h

T n learn abou tan auitsitc chlid’ s

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ii i v K A R T S B A ir a s r a n u S i t a l e M , i n a y r u

S (2012). Christophe rBoone’ sPersonaltiyDevelopmen ta s t

u a n

a isitc in Haddon’ sThe Curiou sInciden to fThe Dog in The Night-Time . , i n e S n a d a s a h a B n a s u r u J , n a k i d i d n e P u m lI n a d n a u r u g e K s a tl u k a F : a tr a k a y g o Y . a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U s ir g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P m a r g o r P n a i d a b ir p e k n a g n a b m e k r e p s a h a b m e m i n i i s p ir k

S C irstophe rBoones ebaga i

h a l a d a a m a tr e p h a l a s a M . h a l a s a m a g it a d a p n a k s u k o f m e m i n i i s p ir k S . s it u a k a n a h a l a d a a u d e k h a l a s a M . s it u a k a n a i a g a b e s e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C r e t k a r a k g n a t n e t n a i d a b ir p e k h a b u g n e m t a p a d g n a y e n o o b r e h p o t s ir h C p u d i h n a m a l a g n e p g n a t n e t

dia .Masalah keitga adalah perkembangan kep irbadian Chrtiophe rBoone setelah . n a m a l a g n e p a p a r e b e b i n a l a j n e m

Sk irps iin idiselesaikan dengan menerapkan metode stud ipustaka .Sk irps i n a d n a i d a b ir p e k k u t n e b n a k it r a g n e m k u t n u i g o l o k i s p i r o e t n a k a n u g g n e m i n i

perliakumanusia .Selainmenggunakant eor ipsikologi ,sk irpsii n imenerapkant eor i m s it u a n a d n a i d a b ir p e k , i s a s ir e t k a r a

k . Teor i karakte irsas i digunakan untuk m s it u a n a d n a i d a b ir p e k i r o e T . e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C i r a d r e t k a r a k a s il a n a g n e m il a n a g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i

d sa kep irbadian Ch irstophe r Boone d i awa l dan . n a m a l a g n e p a p a r e b e b i p a d a h g n e m h a l e t e s a i d n a i d a b ir p e k n a g n a b m e k r e p e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C n a i d a b ir p e k i a n e g n e m i n i i s p ir k s i r a d a m a tr e p l i s a H a i d a b ir p e k t a h il e m t a p a d a ti k , a m a tr e p h a l a s a m m a l a D . s it u a k a n a i a g a b e

s n an

a k u s a i D . l a m r o n g n a r o i r a d a d e b r e b g n a y e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C s u s u h k u k a l h a k g n it g n a r a b g n it n a b m e m n a d g n a r o l u k u m e

m -barang saa tdia sedih .Dia itdak bisa . h e n a n a k a d n it n a k u k a l e m a k u s a i d n a d n i a l g n a r o n a g n e d i s a k i n u m o k r e

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a y n n a i d a b ir p e k h a b u g n e

m dengan menghadap i beberapa pengalaman saa t dia i p a d a h a g n e m a i d a r a C . a y n u b i n a d n o t g n il ll e W h u n u b m e p u h a t ir a c n e m a b o c n e m a g it e k h a l a s a M . a y n n a i d a b ir p e k i h u r a g n e p m e m n a g n u k g n il p a d a h r e t a y n n a ti l u s e k h a k g n it h a b u r e m e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C a r a c i r a d l i s a h h a l a d

a lakunyadan polapike r

t a h il e m t a p a d a ti k , a g it e k h a l a s a m m a l a D . a y n n a i d a b ir p e k m a l a d h e n a g n a y a i d n a m a l a g n e p a p a r e b e b i m a l a g n e m h a l e t e s h a b u r e b e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C n a i d a b ir p e k .i p a r e t a n e r a k n a k u b u t n u a m a tr e p n a r a S . n a r a s a u d i r e b m e m i ti l e n e p , a y n ri h k

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A STRACT ... ... v ii K

A R T S B

A ... v ii.... i .

… … … S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C

A .. ... xi S

T N E T N O C F O E L B A

T ... ix

N O I T C U D O R T N I .I R E T P A H

C 1

.

A Backgroundoft heStudy ... .. .

B ProblemFormulaiton ... .

C Objecitve soft heStudy ……….... .

D Benefti soft heStudy... .

E De ifniitono fTerms... 1 5 5 5 6

E R U T A R E T I L D E T L A E R F O W E I V E R . I I R E T P A H

C 8

.

A Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s…... .

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ii x .

2 Characte r………... .

a Deifniiton………. .

b Kind so fCharacte r……… .

3 Characteirzaiton………...………. .

a Deifniiton……….. .

b Methodo fCharacteirzaiton……… .. .

4 Theoryo fPersonaltiy……….……….. .

a Deifniiton……….. .

b FactorsI n lfuencingSomeone’ sPersonaltiy………. .

5 Theoryo fAuitsm……….………. .

B Theoreitca lFramework………... . .... 9 9 9 0 1 10 0 1

1 1

1 1

3 1

4 1

0 2

Y G O L O D O H T E M . I I I R E T P A H

C ... 22 .

A Objec toft heStudy ... .. .... .

B Approachoft heStudy ... ... .

C Methodoft heStudy ... 22 23 25

S I S Y L A N A . V I R E T P A H

C 27

.

A Ch irstophe rBoonei nt heBeginning ... .... ... .

B Ch irstopheBoone’ sLfieExpeirences ... .... ... .. .

C Ch irstophe rBoone’ sBehavio ratfe rUndergoingt heExpeirences. .. 7 2

3 4

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ii i x .

A Conclusions ………... .

B Suggesiton s ... .... .

1 Suggesitonsf ort heFutureResearche r………... ..

.

2Suggesitonsf o rTeachingI mplementaiton……..………...

59 2 6

2 6

3 6 S

E C N E R E F E

R ... ... 65 ....

S E C I D N E P P

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1

I R E T P A H C

N O I T C U D O R T N I

e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t y l e m a n , s tr a p n i a m e v if f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h T

e h t f o s ti f e n e b e h t d n a , y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h t , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t , y d u t s

n o it i n if e d e h t d n a y d u t

s o fterms .The problem formulaiton contain sthree basic e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e z y l a n a e b l li w t a h t s m e l b o r p e h t e b ir c s e d h c i h w s n o it s e u q

e h t f o s ti f e n e b e h T . y d u t s e h t g n it ir w f o s e s o p r u p e h t e t a t s y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o

s o h t f o n o it a n a l p x e e h t e d i v o r p y d u t

s ewhocanobtaint hebenefti soft hes tudy .The l a r e v e s e h t f o s n o it a n a l p x e e h t , n o it c e s s i h t n I . s m r e t e h t f o n o it i n if e d s i tr a p t s a l

g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m y n a d i o v a o t d e n i a l p x e e r a y d u t s e h t o t d e t a l e r e r a t a h t s m r e t

. m e h t t u o b a

.

A Backgroundo ftheStudy

o e

P pleusually havesameand dfiferen twaysi n f acing somestiuaiton sand f o e s u a c e B . r o i v a h e b d n a g n i k n i h t , e v it c e p s r e p n i s e c n e r e f fi d e v a h y e h T . s m e l b o r p

e v a h y e h T . s c it s ir e t c a r a h c n w o r i e h t e v a h y e h t t a h t d i a s e b n a c t i ,s e c n e r e f fi d r i e h t

s r e p e u q i n u r i e h

t onaltiy .Thi spersonaltiycanalsobechangedand no talway ssame e h t d n a s e g n a h c e h T . n o it a u ti s d n a e m it r e v o s p o l e v e d t I . y b s e o g e m it e h t s a

t o n s i y d o b y r e v E . s s e n e u q i n u r i e h t e c n e u lf n i y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e l p o e p f o t n e m p o l e v e d

li w y ti l a n o s r e p r e h / s i H . c it a t

s l develop consciously and unconsciously . The e s e h T . n o s r e p e s r o w r o r e tt e b a e b o t r e h ti e r e h / m i h d a e l y a m s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p

l a m r o n n o d e n e p p a h t s u j t o n y ti l a n o s r e p d n a g n i k n i h t , e v it c e p s r e p n i s e c n e r e f fi d

e e s s a e l p o e p e u q i n u n o d e n e p p a h o s l a t I . e l p o e

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n a s a h r e h c r a e s e r e h t e s u a c e b s i t I . y o b c it s it u a n a s e z y l a n a r e h c r a e s e r e h t , y d u t s

e h y a w e h t n i d e t s e r e t n i s i r e h c r a e s e r e h T . t n e d u t s c it s it u

a rstuden tthinks ,give s

e g n a rt s e r a s n o it c a s ’t n e d u t s s ’ r o h t u a e h T . s e v a h e b d n a g n i h t e m o s t u o b a e v it c e p s r e p

s e k a m t a h t t c e p s a r e h t o n A . d e v r e s b o e b o t d e t s e r e t n i t u b s r e h t o r o f l a m r o n b a d n a

o o B r e h p o t s ir h C s s e c o r p t n e m p o l e v e d e h t n i s i d e t s e r e t n i r e h c r a e s e

r ne ,acharacte r

l e v o n n

i The Curiou sInciden to fthe Dog in the Night- eit m wirtten by Mark y b y ti l a n o s r e p s i h s p o l e v e d e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C . s e it il a n o s r e p s i h s p o l e v e d , n o d d a H

e r o m w o n k o t s t n a w r e h c r a e s e r e h t s e k a m t c a f s i h T . s e c n e ir e p x e e m o s h ti w g n il a e d

b

a ou tauitsitc boy and how an auitsitc boy’ spersonaltiy can be changed wtihou t .s

e i p a r e h t e m o s g n i o d

l a m r o n h ti w y ti l a n o s r e p t n e r e f fi d s a h y d u t s s i h t n i n e e s s a d li h c c it s it u a e h T

t n a c if i n g i s s w o h s y ll a u s u e H . s e it il a m r o n b a s i h m o r f s r e f f u s e H . e l p o e p

r o n b

a mailitesi n sociali nteraciton and l anguage .He ha shi sown l fieand doe sno t r e h p o t s ir h C n i n e e s e b n a c o s l a r e d r o s i d c it s it u a s i h T . s g n i d n u o r r u s r i e h t t u o b a e r a c

l e v o n n i r e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o o

B The Curiou sInciden to fthe Dog in the Night- eit m k

r a M y b n e tt ir

w Haddon.

t u o b a e g n a rt s l e e f d n a m s it u a t u o b a r e p e e d w o n k t o n y a m e l p o e p e m o S

d e e n e w , t c a f n I . y t e i c o s e h t m o r f w a r d h ti w l li w n e r d li h c c it s it u A . n e r d li h c c it s it u a

l a m r o n d e e n y e h T . n e r d li h c l a m r o n h ti w o d e w s a n o it n e tt a n e r d li h c c it s it u a e v i g o t

e it i v it c

a sandl ovelyunderstandingt omaket hemcomfo trable. t

h g i N e h t n i g o D e h t f o t n e d i c n I s u o i r u C e h

T - eitm i sanovelt ha tgive su sa . y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C n i n e e s s a d li h c c it s it u a n i g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b

n e tt ir w d n a d l o t s i l e v o n e h t n i y r o t s e h

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-r a e

y -old boy ,named Ch irstophe rJohn Franci sBoone ,who i sknown fo rhi sgood r

e h p o t s ir h C . y r o m e

m Boonei san auitsitcboy who ha ssuperi ntelilgence .He ilke s s

r e b m u n h ti w g n i y a l

p and games .Ch irstophe rherei scharacte irzed a saboysuffer s s

i e m o r d n y S r e g r e p s A . e m o r d n y S r e g r e p s A m o r

f high f uncitoning auitsm. Het ires

e v it c e p s r e p s i h n o d e s a b l e v o n e v it c e t e d a e ti r w o

t and hi sperspecitvebased on the

. d n i m s i h f o c i g o l

s tr a t s l e v o n e h t f o y r o t s e h

T when Welilngt on, Ch irstophe rneighbor’ sdog s

a

h been killed i n a night .Ch irstophe rha sfound Welilngton’ sdeath body on hi s , n e h T . h c u m n o t g n il l e W s e v o l e h e s u a c e b s i t I . t e s p u y r e v s i e H . d r a y r o b h g i e n

s tr a t s r e h p o t s ir h

C hi sdetecitve mission to invesitgate the mysteirou smurder .He .

s e m l o H k c o lr e h S e k il s t c

a Takingplacei nSwindonandLondon,t heconfilctr aise s s

tr a t s r e h p o t s ir h C n e h

w hi sdetecitvemission .Ch irstopherf acess omeproblemst ha t s

r o i v a h e b e g n a rt s s i h t s n i a g a s t h g if d l u o h s e H . s r o i v a h e b s i h h ti w l a e

d togainsome

g n il e e f e g n a rt s s i h t s n i a g a s t h g if d l u o h s o s l a e H . s r o b h g i e n s i h m o r f n o it a m r o f n i

. n o it a m r o f n i t e g o t r e d r o n i s r o i v a h e b s i h e g n a h c o t s e ir t e H . y t e i c o s e h t s d r a w o t

e o d r e h p o t s ir h C , e l p o e p l a m r o n r o f e g n a rt s s k o o l ll it s s r o i v a h e b s i h h g u o h tl

A sno t

. m e l b o r p a s i t i t a h t k n i h

t Ch irstophe rthen ifnds some interesitng fact sabou thi s t

n e r a

p s’ pse araiton. He ifnally knowst ha thi smotheri sstli lailveand she ilvesi n .

s r a e h S . r M h ti w n o d n o

L Thisf ac talsomake sCh irstophe rha sbadpoin to fviewo f .

r e h t a f s i h

n o d d a

H take s an unusua l theme fo r hi s nove l tha ti sauitsm chlidren r

e h p o t s ir h C h ti w s l a e d e H . r o i v a h e

b ’ s unique personailite sa san auitsitc boy .He o

h w y o b c it s it u a n a s a y o b s i h t s w a r

d unablet o understand human’ semoitons .He s

e v i g o s l

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r e h p o t s ir h C t a h

t i sa very logica lboy ,who ilke ssolving mathemaitc problem ,s g

n i d n

if thef ormulaf ormortaltiy ,and drawi ng graphicf o ranima’l spopulaiton .He s i e h n e h w s e ir o e h t s c it a m e h t a m t l u c if fi d e m o s y a l p d n a s r e b m u n h ti w y a l p o t s e v o l

tr o f m o c g n il e e f t o

n ablewtiht hestiuaiton .Hecannott el l ilesand helovest o solve n

i d u l c n i ,s e ir e t s y m d n a s e l z z u

p gWelilngton’ sdeath.

. l a u s u n u s i s e il g n il l e t f o y ti li b a n i s i h , d r a d n a t s s ’ n a m u h l a m r o n e h t y B

s i s i h t r e v o e r o

M no tbecausehel ovest o say nothing butt he rtuth ,bu tbecausehi s .

g n i k n i h t l a c i g o l n w

o Hedoe sno t ilkeguessingsomethingt hati sno tbasedonf act . t i ,s e il l l e t t o n o d y e h t d n a t c a f n o d e s a b g n i h t e m o s y a s e l p o e p n e h w t a h t s k n i h t e H

. e l p o e p d o o g e r a y e h t t a h t s n a e

m Some o fCh irstopher’ s riregula raciton son hi s l

a i c o

s behavior toward sother scanno tbe understood by norma lhuman beings . t

s ir h

C opher’ ssrtangebehaviorst oward ssocietyr aisesomeproblems .Somepeople .s

r o i v a h e b s ’ r e h p o t s ir h C t p e c c a t o n n a c l li t

s I t can be seen through the way

t s ir h

C ophe rBoone ,ast hedetecitve ,wrtie shi snove labou tadetecitvenovel . r

e h p o t s ir h

C ’ s adventure i n ifnding the dog’ smurdere rtake shim into the e

r e h w t u o b a e r a s t c a f e h T . e fi l s i h f o s t c a f l a e

r exaclty hi sMother si ,wha tshe i s doing ,hi sparents’r elaitonshipandt heactua ldog’ smurdere rhimsefl .Thenove lo f

e h t n i g o D e h t f o t n e d i c n I s u o i r u C e h

T Night-Time tisel f i s Ch irstopher’ s b

n e tt ir w h c i h w l o o h c s t a t n e m n g i s s

a yhimsefl .Ch irstopher’ smentor ,Siobhan ask s n a h b o i S , y ti v it c a g n it ir w s i h t g n i o d y B . e fi l y li a d s i h f o y r a i d a e ti r w o t m i h

n a c r e h p o t s ir h C . t n e m t a e rt s ’ m s it u a f o d n i k a s a s e v e il e

b learn to conrto lhi s

y ti v it c a g n it ir w h g u o r h t n o it o m

e .Thi sacitvtiy also make sCh irstophe ri sable to .

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t h g i N e h t n i g o D e h t f o t n e d i c n I s u o i r u C e h

T -Time i sCh irstopher’ sdaliy

. e fi l f o l a n r u o

j Hewrtie shi sdaliy acitv tiy combined wtih t hescienit ifcf act she si d

e t s e r e t n

i i .n Fo rexample ,when he wrtie sabou thi smother ,he may surp irsingly d

d

a informaiton about t hefrog mo traltiy formula ,and how i tworks .Reader scan w

e i v f o t n i o p d i v i v e h t e e s y lr a e l

c o fanauitsitct hroughCh irstopher’ swiritng . e h t , e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C , c it s it u a n a f o r e t c a r a h c e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h T

f o r e t c a r a h c n i a

m The Curiou sInciden to fThe dog in the Night-Time w irtten by ,r

e p a p s i h t n i n o d d a H k r a

M si analyzed by the researcher using the theory o f .

y g o l o h c y s p f o e s r u o c e h t n i m s it u a d n a y ti l a n o s r e p

.

B ProblemFormula iton

.

1 H sowi Ch irstophe rBoonecharacteirzedi nt hebeginningoft henovel? .

2 Howdoe sCh irstophe rBoone’ sa sanauitsitcdevelophi spersonaltiy? .

3 W hataret hesigni ifcan tchange soft heCh irstophe rBoone’ spersonaltiy ?

s e c n e ir e p x e e fi l s i h g n i o g r e d n u r e tf a

.

C Objecitve so fTheStudy

s ’l e v o n e h t f o r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h w o n k o t e r a y d u t s s i h t f o s e v it c e j b o e h T

. s p o l e v e d , e n o o B r e h p o t s ir h C , t s i n o g a t o r

p Moreove,r t hi sstudy i ntendst o analyze .s e c n e ir e p x e e m o s h ti w s l a e d e h r e tf a y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e h p o t s ir h C n i s e g n a h c e h t

.

D Benefti so fTheStudy

r o f s i y d u t s e h t f o t if e n e b e h t , t s ri F . y d u t s e h t f o s ti f e n e b e m o s e r a e r e h T

r e h c r a e s e r e h T . m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E h s il g n E f o s t n e d u t

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n i e g d e l w o n k e v i g l li w t i t a h t s e p o h r e h c r a e s e r e h T . s t n e d u t s r i e h t s a n e r d li h c

.r e tt e b n e r d li h c c it s it u a e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u

e h t r o f s i ti , d n o c e

S futurer esearcher swhowli lstudy aboutt hesamenove l n i e c r u o s e r g n it r o p p u s e b n a c y d u t s s i h t t a h t s e p o h r e h c r a e s e r t n e s e r p e h t , c i p o t r o

n a c y d u t s s i h t t a h t s e p o h r e h c r a e s e r e h t ,s r e d a e r r o f y ll a n i F . y d u t s r i e h t g n it e l p m o c

it u a n o e v it c e p s r e p e r o m e v i

g sitcchlidren.

.

E De ifniitono fTerms

s m r e t t n a tr o p m i s e n if e d r e h c r a e s e r e h t ,s n o it a t e r p r e t n i s i m d i o v a o t r e d r o n I

. y d u t s s i h t t u o h g u o r h t d e s u e r a t a h t

.

1 Based on Gregory J .Feis t(2006) ,Personaltiy i sa pattern o frelaitvely h

c e u q i n u d n a s ti a rt t n e n a m r e

p aracteirsitc stha tgive both consistency and y

ti l a n o s r e p , y d u t s s i h t n I . r o i v a h e b s ’ n o s r e p o t y ti l a u d i v i d n

i i san effo tr t o

n a m u h p l e h l li w t a h t r o i v a h e b d n a , s g n il e e f , g n i k n i h t n a m u h e z i n a g r o

i t n e r e f fi d d n a y a w e m o s n i e k il a e r a y e h t e m o s y h w s d n a t s r e d n

u n

) 5 4 . p (. s r e h t o

.

2 Robledo and Ham-Kucharsk i (2005 ) say that auitsm i s a neurologica l t

s e fi n a m y ll a u s u t a h t r e d r o s i

d s tisel fealryi nt het oddler syear .sI t hamper sa d n a , y ll a i c o s s r e h t o h ti w t c a r e t n i , e t a c i n u m m o c o t w o h n r a e l o t y ti li b a d li h c

e g l u d n

i ini maginaitveplay.

.

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g n i e b r o g n i p o l e v e d f o s s e c o r p r o n o it c a e h t s i t n e m p o l e v e d t a h t s e t a t s o s l a

I . ) 8 1 3 . p ( d e p o l e v e

d n thi sstudy ,developmen tmean sthe main character’ s .

e fi l n i n o it a u ti s d n a e m it e h t g n o l a g n i p o l e v e d s i t a h t y ti l a n o s r e p

.

4 Hu lrock (1973 ) say s that personaltiy developmen t mean s the way i s n o p s e r e r a t a h t s r o t c a f e h t n o d e s a b s p o l e v e d d n a s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e

p ble

e h t t a h t s n a e m t I . ) 3 6 4 . p ( e fi l s ’ e n o e m o s t c e f f a l li w t a h t s e g n a h c r o f

e h t o t s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ e n o e m o s f o s e g n a h c e h t s i t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p

(22)

8

I I R E T P A H C

E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R

s tr a p o w t f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h

T .They are review o frelated theo ire sand

k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h

t .The fris tpa tr ,present s c iritca lapproaches , character ,and e

d u l c n i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h

c de ifniiton and method sand characte irzaiton .The second par t

r w e h t , e r e H . k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t s t n e s e r

p tie rwli ldesc irbe the cont irbuiton o fthe

. y d u t s e h t f o s m e l b o r p e h t g n i v l o s n i s e ir o e h t

l a c it e r o e h T .

A Descrip iton s e h c a o r p p A l a c it i r C . 1

r e h c r a e s e r a , l e v o n a g n i z y l a n a n

I need sc ir itca lapproache . s I ti sneeded to a

e s e r e h t f o y ti v it c e j b u s e h t d i o v

a rcher i n he rstudy. Rohberge rand Woods state t ha t l

e v o n a e z y l a n a o t d e s u e b n a c t a h t s e h c a o r p p a e v if e r a e r e h

t 6( -15) .Fris ti sthe

o

f rmails tapproach.I tconcenrtate sont het otal i ntegrtiyoft hel tierarywork .Secondi s s

i h T . h c a o r p p a l a c i h p a r g o i b e h

t approach focuse son the impo trance o fthe author’ s l

a r u tl u c o i c o s e h t s i d ri h T . e fi l l a n o s r e p d n a s a e d

i -histo irca lapproach .Thi sapproach

e b ir c s e

d s the social ,cutlura land histo irca lbackground a sthe references .The nex t o

h t y m e h t s i h c a o r p p

a poeic approach .I tattempt sto discove rparitcula rpattern so f t s a l e h T . d n i m y ti n u m m o c n i a tr e c o t f e il e b l a s r e v i n u e m a s a d e r a h s t a h t t h g u o h t n a m u h

e h t s

i psychologica lapproach .Thi sapproach i salso used to analyze the pattern o f

n a m u

h personaltiy and behavior . Throughou t the psychologica l approach , the y

l p e e d r o i v a h e b d n a y ti l a n o s r e p , t h g u o h t s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t e z y l a n a n a c r e h c r a e s e

(23)

r e t c a r a h C . 2

.

a De ifni iton

. l e v o n a f o y r o t s a n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a y a l p s r e t c a r a h

C When we talk abou t

a y a s y l n o t o n n a c e w , s r e t c a r a h

c bou tcharacter’ sphysica lappearance ,bu talso the s

i h T . e r u g if e h t s l a e v e r t a h t y ti l a n o s r e

p Accordingt o Abram(1981) ,character sare t he e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a h c i h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p t a h t s n o s r e p

r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e

r al ,disposiitonal ,and emoitona lquailite stha tare y

a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x

e – dialogue – and what t heydo – inac iton( p.23 .)I tmean s n

a c s r e d a e r e h t ,t a h

t interpre tacharacteri nas toryt hrought hei rconversaiton ,andt hei r c

r i e h t h g u o r h T . y ti v it c

a onversaiton and ac t in the story ,the reader s know the

.s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o l a r o m d n a l a n o it i s o p s i d , l a n o it o m e

.

b Kind so fCharacter

r e t s o

F (1974 )states t hat t here are t wo kind so fcharacters in a nove,l t hey are

( r e t c a r a h c d n u o r d n a t a

lf p.51) .A lfa tcharacter i sstaitc anddoe sno tdevelop ,whlie a .

s e it il a u q d n a s ti a rt y n a m s t n e s e r p e r d n a x e l p m o c s i r e t c a r a h c d n u o r

e l k n e

H (1977 )sayst ha tcharacter scanalsobedividedbasedont heprominence

n u f d n

a citon: majo rand secondary characters (p.87-100) .He explain stha tmajo r y r a d n o c e s e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o d n a s r e d a e r e h t m o r f n o it n e tt a e h t e v r e s e d s r e t c a r a h c

. s n o it c n u f d e ti m il e r o m m r o fr e p s r e t c a r a h

c He also say s the character s can be

n o m r a H d n a n a m l o H . t s i n o g a t n a d n a t s i n o g a t o r

p (1986 )state t hatt he antagonist i s t he

( t s i n o g a t o r p e h t s e s o p p o y lt c e ri d o h w e n

(24)

e d a e r e h t t s il n e o t y ti li b a d n a y a l p e h t n i e c n a tr o p m i f o s m r e t n i h t o b e r u g if g n i d a e

l rs ’

.) 0 0 4 . p ( y h t a p m y s d n a t s e r e t n i

n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C . 3

n o it i n if e D . a

Rohberge randWoods( 1971)statet ha tcharacte irzaitoni st heproces sbywhich

a e r c r o h t u a n

a te sthe character ,a paritcula rtype o fperson (p.180) .Murphy (1972 ) e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c e h t y e v n o c o t r o h t u a n a f o y a w e h t s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c t a h t s e t a t s

l a n o s r e

p iite snaturally so t hat t he reade rgets t o know and understand t he characters . o t r o h t u a e h t s p l e h t i e c n i s r o h t u a e h t y b d e d e e n s i k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C

r e i s a e y r o t s e h t d n a t s r e d n u l li w r e d a e r e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c e h t y b y r o t s e h t y e v n o c

6 1 . p

( 1) . Fu trhermore ,the autho ruse sthe characte irzaiton to guide the reade rto a n i d a e r y e h t t a h t y r o t s e h t t e r p r e t n i o t n o it a t e r p r e t n i n w o r i e h t e s u d n a d n a t s r e d n u

H . l e v o

n olmanandHarmon( 1986)s tatetha tcharacte irza itoni saproces so fcreaitngan

e r n

u a lperson(p.81- )8 . 2

n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C d n a s d o h t e M . b

s e t a t s ) 2 7 9 1 ( y h p r u

M tha t there are nine way s to make character s

s r e d a e r e h t r o f e v il a e m o c d n a e l b a d n a t s r e d n

u (p.161-172) . Fris t i s persona l

e h t t u o b a s li a t e d w a r d y a m r o h t u a e h t , e r e H . n o it p ir c s e

d characters ’appearance ,fo r

h e l p m a x

e owt he character sare buitl ,hi so rhe rskin color ,hari ,hand ,eye sand soon .

n a c r o h t u a e h t t a h t s n a e m t I . r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c s i d n o c e

S be desc irbed

e r e h T . r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o d n a s e y e e h t h g u o r h

(25)

e h t y b y ti l a n o s r e p e h t w o n k y a m s r e d a e r e h T . r e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m g d u j d n a n o i n i p o

c a r a h c e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u n i y a w d ri h t e h t s i t n e m e t a t s r o n o i n i p o s r e t c a r a h

c te rin a

y a w h tr u o f e h T . y r o t

s i spast l fie .In past l fie, t he autho rmay give driec tor i nd riec t

t h g u o h t s ’ n o s r e p e h t h g u o r h t t n e m m o

c .The if tfh i sconversaiton o f others .The

s i h t x i S . r e h r o m i h t u o b a y a s r o k n i h t e l p o e p t a h w y b d e z y l a n a e b n a c s r e t c a r a h c

it t e l y b r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a o t e u l c a s e r a h s r o h t u a e h T . n o it c a e

r ng t he reade rknow

ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o

h ouss tiuaitonandevents .Nexti sdriec tcomment .Here the

e h t n i y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it p ir c s e d r o t n e m m o c l a n o s r e p r e h r o s i h s e v i g r o h t u a

. y r o t

s Nex tstep i s t hought .The autho rexpresses t he character’s t hought i n t he story .

n i s e o g t a h w e z y l a n a n a c s r e d a e r e h t ,t h g u o h t s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i w o n k y

B hi so rhe r

t s a l e h T . d n i

m i smanne irsm. Theautho rcani llusrtate aperson’ smanne irsm ,habi to r

h t e m o s s r e d a e r e h t ll e t o s l a y a m h c i h w r o i v a h e b f o s e d o

m ingaboutt hecharacter .

y ti l a n o s r e P f o y r o e h T . 4

n o it i n if e D . a

s i tI . y ti l a n o s r e p n w o r e h r o s i h s a h e h s r o e H . e u q i n u s i n a m u h e l g n i s y r e v E

e s e h T . r o i v a h e b d n a g n il e e f ,t h g u o h t c it s ir e t c a r a h c t n e r e f fi d e v a h m e h t f o h t o b e s u a c e b

, t h g u o h t c it s ir e t c a r a h

c fee ilngandbehavio rmakea dynamicpsychologypattern called

t a h t m e t s y s y g o l o h c y s p f o n o it a z i n a g r o c i m a n y d s i y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ n a m u H . y ti l a n o s r e p

y ti l a n o s r e p t a h t s e t a t s ) 3 7 9 1 ( k c o lr u H . t h g u o h t d n a r o i v a h e b , c it s ir e t c a r a h c s e n i m r e t e d

d r o w n it a L a m o r f s e m o

c ‘persona ’whichr eferst omask .Amongt he Greek acto rused

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( s i y ll a u t c a e n o s a t o n s r e h t o o t s r a e p p a e n o s a s n a m o

R p.462.)

n a g a

K and Havemann (1972) ,an expe tr i n psychology ,gives t he de ifniiton o f

k o o b s i h n i y r o e h t y ti l a n o s r e

p Psychology :An I ntroduc iton .He states t ha tpersonaltiy

d n a , s g n il e e f , s g n i k n i h t n a m u h f o y t e ir a v t a e r g e h t e z i n a g r o o t t p m e tt a n a s i y r o e h t

ll i w t a h t s e l p i c n ir p l a r e n e g e m o s d n u o r a s r o i v a h e

b helphumanunderstand swhypeople

n i a l p x e o t s p m e tt a y r o e h t s i h T . s r e h t o n i t n e r e f fi d y r e v d n a s y a w e m o s n i e k il a e r a

f o s n r e tt a p y l e k il t s o m e h t , t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t e r a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c y ti l a n o s r e p h c i h w

i h w n i y a w e h t , s c it s ir e t c a r a h c g n o m a s p i h s n o it a l e

r ch these pattern sare estabilshed ,

, t s i g o l o h c y p r e h t o n A . ) 3 0 4 . p ( d e g n a h c e b n a c y e h t y a w e h t ) n o it a c il p m i y b t s a e l t a ( d n a

f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e s o h t s t n e s e r p e r y ti l a n o s r e p “ t a h t s e m u s s a ) 1 0 0 2 ( n i v r e P . A e c n e r w a L

r e tt a p t n e t s i s n o c r o f t n u o c c a t a h t n o s r e p e h

t n soff eeilng,t hinking ,andbehaving”( p.4) .

. n o it a u ti s d n a e m it r e v o s e g n a h c t I .s t s i x e s y a w l a t i t u b c it a t s t o n s i y ti l a n o s r e P

s ir r o M n i y e n r o H , t c a f s i h t n o d e s a B . n o it a u ti s d n a e m it r e v o t n e r e f fi d e b l li w t I

v e il e

b es t hat t here are t wo i mpo trant factors i n shaping human’ sPersonal tiy ,namely

o w t e s e h t f o t n i o p t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t t a h t s e t a t s e h S . r o t c a f l a i c o s d n a l a t n e m n o ri v n e

s ir r o M , n o it i d d a n I .) 0 5 4 . p ( p u s w o r g d li h c e h t h c i h w n i p i h s n o it a l e r n a m u h s i s r o t c a f

o c e r o m s i y ti l a n o s r e p t a h t s e t a t s o s l

a mplext hant heentrieadmriable rtati .s

n i v r e

P andOilver( 2001 )saythat t hereare ifveareas t ha ta completet heoryo f

e h t( s s e c o r p , ) y ti l a n o s r e p f o t i n u c i s a b e h t( e r u t c u rt s e r a y e h T . r e v o c d l u o h s y ti l a n o s r e p

e d d n a h t w o r g , y ti l a n o s r e p f o t c e p s a c i m a n y

d velopment( howapersondevelopi ntot he

d n a ) y ti l a n o s r e p d e r e d r o s i d s e s u a c d n a e r u t a n e h t( y g o l o h t a p o h c y s p , n o s r e p e u q i n u

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h t d n a t n e m p o l e v e d d n a h t w o r g e h t n o d e s u c o f y l n i a

m echangeo fapersonaltiy.

y ti l a n o s r e P s e n o n e m o S g n i c n e u lf n I s r o t c a F . b

d n a h t w o r g e h t g n it c e f f a e r a t a h t s t n a n i m e t e d o w t e r a e r e h t , r e v e w o H

n i v r e P . n o s r e p a f o t n e m p o l e v e

d and Oilve r(2001 )s ay tha tthe two determinant s

e m n o ri v n e d n a c it e n e g e r a s r o t c a

f ta ldeterminants .Geneitcf actor splay amajorr ole i n

y e h T . l a u d i v i d n i n a n i e u q i n u s i t a h w o t n o it a l e r n i y r a l u c it r a p , y ti l a n o s r e p g n i n i m r e t e d

, t n e m a r e p m e t d n a e c n e g il l e t n i s a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c h c u s n i t n a tr o p m i e r o m y ll a r e n e g e r a

g e r n i t n a tr o p m i s s e l d n

a ardt ovalue ,si deals ,andbeilefs( p.10) .Fu trhermore,t hereare

n i v r e P y b d e t a t s e r a h c i h w s t n a n i m r e t e d l a t n e m n o ri v n e n i s a e r a r u o

f andOilve r(2001) .

s n r e tt a p d e n o it c n a s d n a d e z il a n o it u ti t s n i n w o s ti s a h e r u tl u c h c a E . e r u tl u c s i r o t c a f t s ri F

d e n r a e l f

o behaviors ,rtiuals ,be ilefs .Thi smeans t ha tmos tmember so fa cutlure wli l

. s s a l c l a i c o s s i e n o d n o c e s e h T . n o m m o c n i s c it s ir e t c a r a h c y ti l a n o s r e p n i a tr e c e v a h

e h t , m r o f r e p y e h t s e l o r e h t ,s l a u d i v i d n i f o s u t a t s e h t e n i m r e t e d p l e h s r o t c a f s s a l c l a i c o s

e it u

d sthey are bound by ,and the p irvliege sthey enjoy .Socia lfactor sin lfuence the

. m e h t o t d n o p s e r y e h t w o h d n a s n o it a u ti s e n if e d e l p o e p s y a w

e h t s t c e f f a r o i v a h e b l a t n e r a p f o n r e tt a p h c a E . y li m a f s i r o t c a f d ri h t e h T

n e r a P . d li h c a f o t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e

p t sin lfuence thei rchlidren’ sbehavio rin a t

, r o i v a h e b s ’ e n o f o n o it a c if it n e d i , n e r d li h c n i r o i v a h e b t i c il e : s y a w t n a tr o p m i e e r h t t s a e l

e h t , y ll a n i F . t n e m p o l e v e d y lr a e r o f t n t a tr o p m i e r a s d n o b l a t n e r a P . s r o i v a h e b d r a w e r d n a

l o v n i r e e P . s r e e p s i r o t c a f t s a

l vemen t i s impo tran t fo r more lasitng personaltiy

( t n e m p o l e v e

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g n u J y b d e n i a l p x e s i t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p f o y r o e h t r e h t o e h

T (1972) ,who

n i e t a n i m l u c t a h t s e g a t s f o s e ir e s a h g u o r h t s p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p t a h t s e v e il e b

fl e s r o , n o it a u d i v i d n

i -reailzaiton .Jung group sthe stage so flfie into fou rgenera l

e r a y e h T . d o ir e p s i h t n i s e g a t s b u s e e r h t e r a e r e h T . d o o h d li h c s i d o ir e p t s ri f e h T . s d o ir e p

d n a c it o a h c y b d e z ir e t c a r a h c s i e s a h p c i h c r a n A . c it s il a u d e h t d n a , c i h c r a n o m , c i h c r a n a

.s s e n s u o i c s n o c c i d a r o p

s The monarchic phase o fchlidhood i scharacte irzed by the

e r e h w , g n i k n i h t l a b r e v d n a l a c i g o l f o g n i n n i g e b e h t y b d n a o g e e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e d

s i o g e e h t n e h w s i d o o h d li h c f o e s a h p c it s il a u d e h T . y l e v it c e j b o s e v l e s m e h t e e s n e r d li h c

e v it c e j b o e h t o t n i d e d i v i

d and subjecitve .Chlidren att hi sphase cansee t hemselve sa s

.s l a u d i v i d n i e t a r a p e s s a e c n e t s i x e r i e h t f o e r a w a e r a d n a n o s r e p t s ri f e h t

h t u o y s i d o ir e p d n o c e s e h

T .Thisi st hepe irodf romt hepube tryunit lmiddlel fie

g n u J o t g n i d r o c c A . n a m a f

o (1972) ,youth is ,o rshould be a pe irod o fincreased

y ti v it c

a matu irng sexualtiy ,growing consciousness ,and recogniiton t hat t he problem

s n i g e b e s a h p s i h T . e fi l e l d d i m s i d o ir e p t x e n e h T . r e v e r o f e n o g s i d o o h d li h c f o a r e e e r f

b d e n g i s , 0 4 r o 5 3 e g a y l e t a m i x o r p p a t

a y t he i ncreasing anxiety ,middle l fie i salso a

s u o i g il e r e r u t a m a s e v l o v n i n e tf o s i e s a h p s i h T . l a it n e t o p s u o d n e m e rt f o d o ir e p

e h t o t e m o c e w , y ll a n i F . h t a e d r e tf a e fi l f o t r o s e m o s n i f e il e b y ll a i c e p s e , n o it a t n e ir o

s i h T . e g a d l o d e ll a c h c i h w d o ir e p t s a

l phase mainly involve sunconsciou satttiude s

( e fi l f o y h p o s o li h p l u f g n i n a e m a g n i d n if d n a h t a e d s d r a w o

t p.121 .)

m s it u A f o y r o e h T . 5

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l a n o s r e p ( l a i c o s d n a l a r o i v a h e b , n o it a c i n u m m o

c )skills .Auitsm i sa kind o fsicknes s

. s e it il i b a n o it a c i n u m m o c e m o s n i k c a l r e r e f f u s e h t s e k a m h c i h w , e g a m a d n i a r b g n i s u a c n O . n o it a d a r g e d l a c i s y h p a e t a c i d n i d n a w o h s t o n t h g i m ) c it s it u a d e ll a c ( r e r e f f u s e h T s a h ti w n o s r e p a e b t h g i m y e h t d n a h r e h t o e h

t upe iro rintelilgence .Auitsitc usually

s c it s it u a , r e v e w o H . s s e n e n o l a d e ll a c s i h c i h w , d n i m r i e h t n i d lr o w n w o r i e h t s d li u b , n o it i d n o c t n e i n e v n o c n i n a n i d e c a l p e r a y e h t n e h w e d u ti tt a e g n a rt s r i e h t w o h s y ll a u s u e c a l p w e n a r o , y s i o n a , d e d w o r c a n i : s a h c u

s .Auits itc doe sno thave anydfi ifcutlyi n

, e l p m a x e r o F . y r g n a e r a y e h t fi m e h t l o rt n o c o t e l b a n u e r a y e h t t u b , e s n e s c ir o t o m r i e h t m i h s e k a m o h w e n o e m o s e k o rt s y a m c it s it u a n

a disappointed ,and i tcan happen fo r

s n o it a n a l p x e e m o s e r a e r e h T . s e m it l a r e v e

s abou tauitsm and tis t heory ,a sw irtten by

k o o b s i h n i ) 6 0 0 2 ( y e n r a e

K Casebooki nChlidBehavio rDisorder s3rdediiton:

M S D e h t o t g n i d r o c c a , n o it a d r a t e r l a t n e m f o e r u t a e f l a it n e s s e e h

T - VI -TR i s

g n i n o it c n u f l a u t c e ll e t n i l a r e n e g e g a r e v a b u s y lt n a c if i n g i s

“ tha t i saccompanied

g n i w o ll o f e h t f o o w t t s a e l t a n i g n i n o it c n u f e v it p a d a n i s n o it a ti m il t n a c if i n g i s y b fl e s , n o it a c i n u m m o c : s a e r a l li k

s -care ,home ilving ,sociali/nterpersona lskills , fl e s , s e c r u o s e r y ti n u m m o c f o e s

u -drieciton ,funcitona lacademic skills ,work , n i s ti c if e d s e v l o v n i y ll a r e n e g n o it a d r a t e r l a t n e M ” . y t e f a s d n a , h tl a e h , e r u s i e l e m o s n i s ti c if e d s e v l o v n i m s it u a s a e r e h w g n i n o it c n u f f o s a e r a t s o m t o n f i y n a m , t n e m p o l e v e d l a c i s y h p . g . e ( s r e h t o t o n t u b , e v it a c i n u m m o c , l a i c o s . g . e ( s a e r a li k s r o t o

m ls)( p.139 .)

m s it u a f o d l e if e h t n i h c r a e s e r e m o s e n o d e v a h s tr e p x e d n a s t s i g o l o h c y s P y fi s s a l c y e h T . ti t n e v e r p o t s p e t s d n a s e ir o e h t e m o s d li u b o t e l b a e r a y e h t t a h t s s e n k c i s . m s it u a f o y r o e h t c i s a b e h t s a m e h t d e p p a r w d n a , s e g a t s e m o s n i s m o t p m y s m s it u a e m o s n i k c a l e r a s c it s it u A . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c l a i c e p s s ti n i m s it u a n i a l p x e s e ir o e h t r e h t O r o j a m e h T . n o it a z il a i c o s d n a , c ir o t o m e l b a t s , n o it a c i n u m m o c : s a h c u s , s ll i k s s e u g a e ll o c s i h d n a r e n n a K y b d e b ir c s e d s a e m o r d n y s s i h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h

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: w o ll o f

.

1 Aprofoundwtihdrawa lo fcontactf romothe rpeople( “aloneness” ;)

.

2 Faliuret ousel anguagef o rcommunicaiton;

.

3 Obsessivemaintenanceoft hes tatu squo—“sameness”—int heenvrionmen;t

.

4 Skilli n ifnemoto rmovements ,especiallywtihr egardt oobjects ;asopposed t o

; e l p o e p h ti w l a e d o t y ti li b a n i

.

5 Veryhighcogniitvepotenita la smanfiestedby“islets”o fperformance.

r i e h T . n o it a d a r g e d n o it a c i n u m m o c r i e h t m o r f r e f f u s s c it s it u a , e v o b a n e tt ir w s A

m u h l a m r o n f o e s o h t n a h t r e w o l s n r o b e r a s ll i k s n o it a c i n u m m o

c an’s . tIi sbecause t hey

a h g u o r h t s g n il e e f r i e h t s s e r p x e y l n o m m o c s c it s it u A . n i a r b r i e h t n i n o it p u r s i d a e v a h

n e v e d n a , e p a h s , ll e m s , r o l o c s ti y b y lt c e ri d g n i h t a n i a l p x e y e h T . y a w e v it p ir c s e d y r e v

i ti t u b , e g n a rt s t i d n if y ll a u s u n a m u h l a m r o N . n o it i s o

p s t he commonway f o rauitsitc s

l a m r o n a n i k a e p s d n a e l p o e p f o p u o r g a h ti w g n i k r o W . s a e d i ri e h t g n it a c i n u m m o c n i

. m s it u a h ti w n e r d li h c r o f y s a e t o n e r a ) g n i k a e p s f o y a w ( e g a u g n a l

n e tt ir w s a , c it s ir e t c a r a h c m s it u a f o t n e m e r u s a e m c if it n e i c s a o s l a s i e r e h

T by

k o o b s i h n i ) 6 0 0 2 ( y e n r a e

K Casebooki nChlidBehavio rDisorder s3rdediiton:

e h t g n i d u l c n i , d e n g i s e d n e e b o s l a e v a h m s it u a o t c if i c e p s e r o m e r a t a h t s e r u s a e M “

, d n o m l A & , k c ir k A , g g u r K ( g n i n n a l P l a n o it a c u d E r o f t n e m u rt s n I g n i n e e r c S m s it u A

i h C d n a ) 5 9 9

1 ldhood Auitsm Raitng Scale (Scopler ,Reichler ,& Renner ,1988) .

e l p m a

S sub tiemsfromt hel atteri nclude

.

1 Relaitngt opeople :Thechlid i sconsistenltyaloo fo runawareo fwhat t he adul t

h ti w t c a t n o c s e t a it i n i r o s d n o p s e r r e v e n t s o m l a e h s r o e H . g n i o d s

(31)

.t c e f f e y n a e v a h n o it n e tt a s ’ d li h c e h t t e g o t s t p m e tt a t n e t s i s r e p t s o m e h t y l n O

.

2 Body use :Behaviors t ha tareclea lrysrtange o runusualf o ra chlidof t hi sage

, g n ir u t s o p y d o b r o r e g n if r a il u c e p , s t n e m e v o m r e g n if e g n a rt s e d u l c n i y a m

g n it r a t

s o rpicking a tthe body ,sefl-driected aggression ,rocking ,spinning ,

r e g n

if -wiggilng ,ort oe-walking.

.

3 Adaptaitont ochange :Thechlidshow sseverer eacitons t ochange.I fa change

s e r d n a e v it a r e p o o c n u r o y r g n a y l e m e rt x e e m o c e b y a m e h s r o e h , d e c r o f s

i pond

.s m u rt n a t h ti w

.

4 Verba lcommunicaiton :Meaningfu lspeech i sno tused .The chlid may make

l a m i n a r o d ri e w , s l a e u q s e li t n a f n

i -ilke sounds ,complex noise sapproximaitng

r o s d r o w e l b a z i n g o c e r e m o s r o e s u e r r a z i b , t n e t s i s r e p w o h s y a m r o , h c e e p s

.s e s a r h p

5. Nonverba lcommunicaiton :The chlid only use sbizarre o rpecuila rgesture s

s g n i n a e m e h t f o s s e n e r a w a o n s w o h s d n a , g n i n a e m t n e r a p p a o n e v a h h c i h w

.) 0 4 1 . p ( ” s r e h t o f o s n o i s s e r p x e l a i c a f r o s e r u t s e g e h t h ti w d e t a i c o s s a

n e r d li h c , ) 6 0 0 2 ( y e n r a e K o t g n i d r o c c

A wtih auitsm usua lly show some

fl e s e b y a m t a h t , s m e l b o r p l a r o i v a h e b r i e h t n i s n o it a c i d n

i -injury ,hype raggression

y e h t fi y ll a i c e p s e d e z i n g o c e r y li s a e e b n a c r o i v a h e b r i e h T . n o o s d n a , s r e h t o s d r a w o t

e l g n i m o t e l b a t o n e r a s c it s it u A . d w o r c a n i d e c a l p e r

a in society and do acitvtiy i n a

s i t i d n a , c il b u p n i n w o h s s e m it e m o s s i s t c e j b o e m o s h ti w y t e i x n a r i e h T . p u o r g

s a h c u s s g n i h t e g n a rt s o d o t e k il y ll a u s u s c it s it u A . e l p o e p l a m r o n r o f g n i b r u t s i d

e h t n e h w g n i h t y n a g n it a e n e v e d n a , g n i m a e r c s , g n i n a o r g , g n i n a o

(32)

t a h t s s e n k c i s n o m m o c a s i m s it u a t a h t d n if s t s i g o l o h c y s p , s y a d a w o N . g n i h t e m o s t u o b a . e r u c m s it u a r o f y a w w e n d n a r b a e k a m y e h t n e h t d n a , s s e n k c i s r e h t o s a d e r u c e b n a c e r o t s e it i c d n a n w o t n i t li u b w o n e r a c it s it u a r o f s l o o h c s l a i c e p

S duce and rtea tthi s

n e r d li h c p l e h o t t n e s e r a n o it a c u d e c i s a b y g o l o h c y s p h ti w s r e h c a e T . s s e n k c i s l a t n e m s i h t p o l e v e d o t s t n e r a p h ti w n o it a r e p o o c d o o g a d e e n s r e h c a e t , y ll a u t n e v E . m s it u a h ti w . m a r g o r p d r a t e r l a t n e m r o d n a m s it u a h ti w n e r d li h c r o f t n e m t a e r T

“ aitont endst of ocu son

) 2 ( d n a , s ll i k s r o i v a h e b e v it p a d a d n a , s ll i k s l a i c o s , e g a u g n a l f o s ti c if e d ) 1 ( fl e s , n o i s s e r g g a s a h c u s , e r u t a n n i e v it p a d a l a m e r a t a h t s r o i v a h e b s s e c x

e -injury ,

ri F . s e i h p o s o li h p o w t r o e n o w o ll o f y a m t n e m t a e r T . n o it a l u m it s f l e s d n

a st ,

n i s a , n o it a c i d e m g n i s u y b r e d r o s i d l a b o l g a s a d e t a e rt e b y a m m s it u a . g . e ( s m e l b o r p e t a r a p e s o t n i d e d i v i d e b y a m m s it u a , d n o c e S . n o i s s e r p e d .) 5 4 1 . p ( ” y p a r e h t r o i v a h e b h ti w y ll a u d i v i d n i d e s s e r d d a e r a t a h t )l a i c o s , e g a u g n a l i h n i s n i a l p x e ) 6 0 0 2 ( y e n r a e

K sbook, Casebook in Chlid Behavio rDisorders

r o i v a h e b e r a y e h T . s t c e p s a o w t n i d e s u c o f s i m s it u a h ti w n e r d li h c r o f y p a r e h t e h t t a h t fl e s ’ s c it s it u A . s ll i k s n o it a c i n u m m o c d n

a -injury ,hyper-aggression toward sother sare

t n O . m e l b o r p l a r o i v a h e b s a d e if i s s a l

c he othe rhand,t he problem o fspeaking i sca lled

y a m s c it s it u a , d e l a e h d n a d e t a e rt e b n a c s m e l b o r p o w t e s o h t f I . m e l b o r p n o it a c i n u m m o c l a c e

b led a norma lperson t hen .Kearney (2006 )also state sthat t he bes tway t o rtea t

u a n A . g n i n i a rt d o o g a y b s i m s it u

a itsitchast obeaccustomedwtihce trains ocials kills ,

r i e h t g n i s s e r p x e , e l p o e p f o p u o r g a f o t n o r f n i g n i k a e p s , p u o r g a n i g n i k r o w s a h c u s n a c s e it i v it c a e s o h t t a h t e v e il e b s t s i g o l o h c y s P . n o o s d n a , y r a i d h g u o r h t s g n il e e f e h t f o t r a p n e k o r b e h t e t a l u m it

s braint oworknormally.“Therapya tpresen tcanonlybe

e v it a r u c n a h t r e h t a r e v it a r o il e m a e b o t d i a

s —rtaining t he chlidren t o acqu rie l anguage

fl e s s u o r e g n a d n e v e ( e l b a ri s e d n u r e h t o e s a e c o t d n a s ll i k s l a i c o s n i a tr e c d n

(33)

.) 6 1 2 . p ( ” s r o i v a h e b

u t c

A ally ,auitsitc scan ifnally have thei rnorma llfie in the society .Auitsitc s

t n a c if i n g i s a w o h s t h g i m y e h t t u b , d e r e v o c e r t n e c r e p d e r d n u h a e b t o n y a m

a h ti w k r o w o t e l b a e r a s c it s it u a n e h W . d e l a e h e r a y e h t n e h w l a r o i v a h e b t n e m e v o r p m i

g n i s u e l p o e p f o p u o r

g a normal l anguage ,decrease t hei rabnorma lbehavior i n pubilc ,

g n o l a r o f t s a l s t n e m e v o r p m i e s o h t f I .l a e h o t d e s o l c e b y a m y e h t , y ll a m r o n t c a r e t n i d n a

y e n r a e K y b d e t a t s s i t n e m e v o r p m i s i h T . d e r e v o c e r s a d e if i s s a l c s i c it s it u a n a , e m it

: k o o b s i h n i ) 6 0 0 2 (

o t e t a r e d o m y b d e k r a m s i ,s e s a c f o % 0 9 r o f s t n u o c c a h c i h w , n r e tt a p t s ri f e h T “

y d a e t s w o h s p u o r g s i h t n i e l p o e p t s o M . n a p s e fi l e h t s s o r c a t n e m ri a p m i e r e v e s

a ) 1 ( g n i d u l c n i , m s it u a f o s m o t p m y s e r o c e h t f o e m o s n i t n e m e v o r p m i w o l s t u b

o o t ” g n i m r a w “ r e t a e r

g the r people and some socia l interacitons , (2 ) the d n a y ti v it c a r e v o s s e l ) 3 ( d n a , e g a u g n a l ,l a m r o n b a t i e b l a , e m o s f o t n e m p o l e v e d

. d l o s r a e y r u o f e g a r e tf a s tr a t s y ll a u s u t n e m e v o r p m i s i h T . r o i v a h e b c ir t n e c c e

s t n u o c c a h c i h w , n r e tt a p l a t n e m p o l e v e d d n o c e s e h

T fo ralmos tal lremaining

d ri h T . d o o h tl u d a y b g n i n o it c n u f l a m

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