Welfare Development : Meanings, Issues and Challenges.

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SOCIOLOGY AND WELFARE

DEVELOPMENT

Edited by:

Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin Centre for Socioglobal Studies

Padjadjaran University

Foreword by:

Dr. Afriadi Sjahbana Hasibuan, MPA, M.Com (Ec)

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ii Sociology and Welfare Development

First Published May, 2015

Published By

Centre for Socioglobal Studies Padjadjaran University

In Cooperation With

Penerbit Samudra Biru (Member of IKAPI) Jomblangan Gg. Ontoseno Blok B No 15 Rt 12/30 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia 55198 Telp. (0274) 9494 558

E-mail/FB: psambiru@gmail.com

ISBN: 978-602-9276-56-5

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Sociology and Welfare Development

LiSt of ContribUtorS

Agung Mahesa Himawan Dorodjatoen, is a PhD candidate at West Australia University, Perth – Australia. He is a Planning Staf, Directorate of Spatial Planning and Land Afairs, Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas). He is a Best Graduate Student in Regional and Planning Department, Bandung Institute of Technology (2006) and Utrecht Excellence Scholarships Awardee 2007-2009 on Research Master Human Geography & Planning, Faculy of Geoscience, Utrecht University.

Ali Maksum, is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Policy Research and International Studies (CenPRIS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. His current project is about the Indonesia-Malaysia relations from defensive realism perspective. He has written articles have been published in such publisher as Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, Springer (ISI), Indonesia national newspapers and conferences.

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vi Sociology and Welfare Development

HIV/AIDS and drug related issues.

Bintarsih Sekarningrum, a leturer at Social Welfare Departement in Social and Political Sciences Faculty, University of Padjadjaran. She obtained Bachelor degree, master degree and Doctoral degree from University of Padjadjaran. Some scientiic papers had been published at national or international level. Currently, he is focusing on waste management problem in society who life near the Cikapundung river at Bandung City.

Desi Yunita, oicially join the Departemen of Sociology at Social and Political Science Faculty University of Padjadjaran since 2014. She got Magister degree in Sociology also from University of Padjadjaran and focusing the research on development and environmental problem.

Forina Lestari, obtained B.Sc.Eng. (ITB, 2006), MSc in Housing, School of Housing, Building and Planning, University of Science Malaysia (USM, 2008). Lecturer at Indonesian Institute of Technology (ITI). She has published a book: Alam Takambang Jadi Guru: Merajut Kearifan Lokal dalam Penanggulangan Bencana di Sumatera. Consultant and expertise at Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) and Directorate General of Spatial Planning, Ministry of Public Works (2013), Directorate General of Regional Development Assistance, Ministry of Home Afairs and Expert, Deputy of the Area Development, Ministry of Public Housing (2012), Expert Staf, Commission V (Infrastructure), he Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR, 2011). Junior Expert, Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas, 2010).

Hery Wibowo, S.Psi, MM, PhD is a leturer at Departement of Social Welfare Faculty of Social and Political Science, Padjadjaran University.

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vii

Mitshel Lino is a Master of Social Sciences (Psychology) candidate under the supervision of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Intan Hashimah Mohd Hashim from the Department of Social Work, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Her research interest surrounds the ield of Social Psychology. She was a Graduate Assistant, serving as a Psychology tutor in the university. She was invited to the Golden Key International Honour Society for academic excellence and awarded Second Upper Class Honours from her undergraduate. Her past researches included the area of Multicultural Psychology and Child Marriage in Malaysia, collaboration project with UNICEF.

Mohd. Haizzan Yahaya MSW is Ph.D scholars from University Sains Malaysia. He is currently researching on Urban Poor Housing and being supervised by. Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, PhD and associate professor Azlinda Azman, PhD

Mohd Tauik Mohammad is a Ph.D scholar at the Social Work Programme, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. His current Ph.D studies regarding on Specialization Social Work, Forensic Social Work/Victims’ Studies/Restorative Justice, being supervised by associate professor Azlinda Azman, PhD.

Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, MA and Ph.D. from University of Malaya. He is a leturer at Departement of Social Welfare (1982-2011) and Departement of Sociology (2011-present), Head Departement of Sociology in Faculty of Social and Political Science, Padjadjaran University (2014- present). Visiting Associate Professor at University of Malaya (2008) and Visiting Associate Professor at Univerisiti Sains Malaysia (2012- present).

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viii Sociology and Welfare Development

Current Public Services are Facilitator, Comprehensive Maternal Village Program in West Java, West Java Province Health Department (2006 – 2008), Facilitator for Sustainable Capacity Building for Decentralization (SCBD) Project in Bau-bau City and Buton Regency (2008 – 2012), District Advisory Team Capacity Building Program Minimum Service Standard Basic Education at Sorong West Papua (2014-2016), tdevianty@ rocketmail.com.

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ACknowLedgement

Alhamdulillah. hanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willing giving me the opportunity to complete this book entitled Sociology and Welfare Development. he publication of this book would not have been possible without the guidance and knowledge wich I have acquired from my honourable professors; Professor A.D Saefullah - University of Padjadjaran and Professor Abd. Hadi Zakaria - University of Malaya. I would also like to dedicate this book to my beloved wife, Tuty Tohri and our lovely children Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, Forina Lestari, Fitaha Aini and Tamal Arief Ihsan - their support in my life.

he publication of this book would not be possible without the assistance and cooperation that we have received over the years from the many individuals and organization in various parts of the world. In particular, we wish to thank our team, all authors - Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University and Universiti Sains Malaysia. Specially thanks especially to Ali Maksum for his excellent assistance during the editorial process of this book. Dr. Arry Bainus the Dean of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Padjadjaran University. All of my Masters-PhD students and colleagues at Padjadjaran University as well as USM whom I would like to thanked for providing continuous support towards my success.

Wassalam.

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foreword

Dr. Afriadi Sjahbana Hasibuan, MPA, M.Com (Ec)

Head of Research&Development Ministry of Home Afairs,Republic ofIndonesia

First of all, I am honored to write this foreword and to give my warm endorsement to this book edited by my colleague Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Ph.D. In my point of view, Indonesian harmony is urgent and should be achieved soon. he government and all stakeholders are pushed to react and formulate a strong policy to reach the national goals.

his book provides a comprehensive assessment regarding sociology and welfare development discourses with a new paradigm and approaches to build Indonesian future. his compilation chapter divided into ifteen chapters, conclusion and also given constructive policy recommendations. Although, all authors in this book are depart from various background and issues, yet they produce and extent some challenges should become serious attention especially the government. I can argue that this book is very multidisciplinary and discussed from various angle.

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xii Sociology and Welfare Development

welfare development discourses is smartly promoting the ideas of “spiritual development” which in some extent isolated from main discussion. his is important and also to alerting as well as to underscore that Indonesia is a religious country.

Finally, I am pleased to congratulate to Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, PhD which successfully publish this book and demonstrated that he is a productive scholar. As academician, lecturer and researcher he has more than thirty years professional experiences in the ield of social and political sciences in Indonesia as well as recognized in the broad. I hope, the collaboration between the agency of research and development in the Ministry of Home Afairs of the Republic Indonesia with the Centre for Socioglobal Studies - Padjadjaran University become more efective, fruitful and sustain in the future.

hank you and Wassalam.

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introdUCtion

in the name of god, the most gracioeus, the most merciful

his book provides a thematic issues and challenges in the new era, sociology to develop human welfare. he main objective of the Sociology and Welfare Development is to present an integrated analysis of how the discipline of sociology can contribute to our wider understanding of the variety of welfare development issues, practices and institutions approachs, policies and philosophy wich exist in our society and countries. his explanatory chapters expected to examine and understand as well as ofer choices for human beings in the dinamics world to build a human welfare.

his book depart from the point of view that sociology is as applied social science can contribute to the development of human life through many perspectives. he various theme have been selected are discussed from philosophy to policy models. Each chapter attempt to understand with a core idea namely welfare development.

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xiv Sociology and Welfare Development

policy implementation, bureaucracy and corruption. Yet, all indicates that Indonesian government has taken a serious strategic action in order to struggle to eradicate poverty as well as eradication policy against chronic of corruption. Related with poverty phenomena, in the chapter nine, concern on historical and inherited problems such as the disabled people, the pursuit of full employment in urban areas and overstaing in the public sector, were important causes for urban poverty. However, these historical problems did not result in serious poverty under the well planned economic system. he number of poor people inherited from the previous period was also relatively small.

In the third chapter focus onhuman geography and planning as part of human life. Sociologically, this study concludesthat the relationships between two adjacent metropolitan centres are two geographical phenomena occurred in the Jakarta-Bandung Mega-Urban Region (JBMUR). However, a rapid urbanization process has also been occurring in the corridor area between both metropolitan centers. here are both direct and indirect relations between these two geographical phenomena which inally lead to the emergence of the Jakarta-Bandung mega-urban region. In the fourth chapter, that in addition, the struggle of urban poor communities in Malaysia for housing and land rights is closely related to the development and history of the country. After the British colonial period, Malaysia’s priority was to develop its economy by focusing on the manufacturing and export industry in urban areas. his resulted when people from rural areas migrating from village to the city, in search of opportunities and to ill the workforce demand. Most of the urban migrants would build their own house near the manufacturing factories, because the surrounding lands were unoccupied and unused. With hard work and their own resources they would clean the area (wilderness) and build houses; this would encourage the development in the area and hence they are known as urban pioneers.

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obtained inancial assistant from micro LKMS or BMT.

Chapter six examines the environmental destruction of young generation to protect and conserve the natural environment. As such, the key actors in engaging youth participation in environmental action, be it the government, non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) or the community, should address the multi-dimensional issues that are obstacles towards the involvement of the young and come up with strategies to develop a more intrinsically-motivated participation. Generally, environmental awareness among youth worldwide is at an adequate level but it is the translation into action that is still lacking. A review of the implementation strategies of current environmental action programs involving youth should be done by the respective organizers in order to create programs that are fun, hands-on and allows as well as entrusts youth to apply their environmental knowledge and personal skills to make key decisions for the future of then environment which they shall inherit from the present. Hence, there is a need to move beyond the present, traditional top-down institutionalized approach of implementing programs towards a more dynamic and lexible approach in which youth are viewed stakeholders, knowledge sharers and leaders, and not mere passive participants who carry out the aims dictated by the organizers.

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xvi Sociology and Welfare Development

rural community towards education as a strategy for improving life. At the same time, the delivery system of the education programs must be enhanced and it is all depend on the commitment of the school and teachers of the rural schools as well.

Finally, the last chapter focus on the incidences of child marriage are no longer pertinent only for less developed country; it actually happens extensively in diferent parts of the world. Due to psychological and biological immaturity, children are insuiciently mature to make an informed decision about a life partner.

his book examines the welfare development issues in the broader “sociology of welfare development” perspective. It is compiled from travelers and knowledge experiences in international seminars, talks and forum of researchers, supervisions and other discussion with my PhD and Master students. hat experiences, together with their personal values and interests extremely inluence to all authors in this book. Personally, I hope that those who engage and read this book will obtain fruitful knowledge. All errors are the author’s responsibility.

Wassalam.

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1

Welfare Development : Meanings, Issues and Challenges

Readers guide

his chapter to introduce the concept of welfare development: meanings, issues and Challenges. here are a gap and diferences between modern and spiritual concept of welfare development. It was realized that there is “missing link” due to neglecting a spiritual approach which critical for human being. It has been perceived that whether modern or general views of welfare tend to be material oriented. Placing spirituality in the development program could fulill conventional deinition which emphasizes more on physical development. he problems and challenges of development, conceptually in practices needs to focus on balancing between physical and spirituality. here is still optimistic that emphasizing spiritual values in the public

Welfare

Development :

meanings, issues and Challenges

Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin

Chapter

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2 Sociology and Welfare Development

administration and services will enhance the performance of the local government.

Introduction

In this book, the writers are focus on the contemporary welfare development issues from sociological perspective. What is the meaning of Welfare Development?. Welfare and development are the two terms which critically important in the concept of welfare development. Some of social sciencetist argue that welfare concept is the state of doing well especially in respect to good fortune, happiness, well being, or prosperity. However, welfare and development is the two common concepts which regularly discussed in the developing countries, including Indonesia.

Conceptually, focus of welfare is aids in the form of money or necessities for those in need; an agency or program through which such aid is distributed; relating to, or concern with welfare and especially with improvement of welfare of disadvantages social groups. It means related to the problems of welfare or utility concept. It is taken to be a primitive concept. As the concept is also used in sociology as a basic concept, the understanding of that concept may be seen as a common task of the social sciences. In the attitude of economics towards utility has always been ambiguous. On the one hand the concept was absolutely needed in order to develop a positive and a normative theory of economic behavior. On the other hand economists felt themselves very uneasy with the concept as its measurability was doubtful. As such it did not seem to be an operational concept (Samuelson (1947). hus, that welfare diferences between levels are equalized, we have also found a cardinal welfare measure, useful for normative intra- and interpersonal welfare comparisons.

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welfare development.

he concept of welfare development, in the ontology has a broad meaning. Economic, social and political signiicance is intended to empowering the weak and less efort in the context of the country. he indicators of well-being on phyisical, social and psychological problems. However, Islam as a religion has resources comprehensive reference in human development. he problem is, wheter the Qur’an and Hadith - can reasonably be accepted as indicator in social sciences? Should a complete indicator and the implications can be considered to be efective for a full restore of change and human well-being?

In the context of the welfare state, Claus Ofe, argues that “Contradictions of the Welfare State: why in the present state is not able to take care of problems of political and social conlict in capitalist society?.” However, Jim Ife for this concept is not appropriate to be applied in Asian countries which indulge bureaucratic nature. While in Europe relatively understood by taking into account the local cultural context. A research reveals that developed country is a country that could made welfare and happy people - who reached maqasid al-Shariah. Welfare and happiness (saadah) are important aspect for individuals and communities progress (Siti Hajar Abu Bakar Ah, Abd. Hadi Zakaria, Muhd Fadhil Nurdin, 2013).

However, those themes important though all are not the focus of welfare development. Instead, in this book discusses the sociological context and consequences of the role of state, education, and all aspects in development, will broadly deined. We used for this discussion to frame these issues in social sciences and sociology a highly appropriate choice, for it calls our attention, quite properly, to issues of social justice, tolerance, social integration and harmony.

Contemporary, in my point of view Social Sciences and Sociology based on philosophy, values and knowledge are socially constructed. However, a related concept is being used to frame many of these sociological issues. herefore, irstly, I introduce that concept, before turning to the important issues due to can help us to understand more precisely about the sociological context and its consequences to welfare population through development.

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a good career strategy, for instance. But they also have “externalities,” that is, efects on bystanders. Dense social networks in a neighborhood— barbecues or neighborhood associations or whatever—can deter crime, for example, even beneiting neighbors who don’t go to the barbecues or belong to the association.

However, in the new global welfare, development and social issues are emerge that requires creative intervention processes. Sociology in applied as social work is a global profession that embraces diversity, partnership and collaborations while providing services to diferent target groups and clients. Building rapport and working closely with other human service professionals and other related disciplines is a critical component to provide the best services to various populations, particularly to the vulnerable groups. In the global perspective and my view, social sciences and sociology are shaped by the West socio-cultural contexts.

Welfare: Principles and Indicators

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welfare development and practices, how to develop communities and countries – good situation and harmony.

Further, a speciic deinition regarding the main topic in relation with welfare development are as below:

welfare: from material to spiritual context

first of all, generally welfare could be deined as “the state of doing well especially in respect to good fortune, happiness, wellbeing, or prosperity; Aid in the form of money or necessities for those in need; An agency or program through which such aid is distributed; Relating to or concern with welfare and especially with improvement of welfare of disadvantages social groups.” It means that welfare concept too narrow and related to material context such as 1) basic needs; 2) welfare is determined by government; 3) social action tend mobilize a source in order to achieve organization (Dawe, 1978; Drover & Kerans, 1993; Hassard & Denis, 1990; Honneth & Joas, 1988).

Secondly, it attempts to approach welfare from spiritual context. In Islamic context for instance, the welfare philosophy is refer to the Quran which mentioned in the praying “O..Allah blessed us with kindness (hasanah), both in the world and in the hereafter. Simply, the term of Hasanah could deined as; kindness, welfare, and happiness. In the Christian concept the term is called as welfare based on love, while Hindu’s approach as welfare with moral and goodness.

hirdly, in the modern concept welfare are encompasses happiness, achievements, personal approach, freedom, healthy, security and descent jobs (Griin, 1986; Hahnel & Albert, 1990; Sumner, 1992). As general concept welfare consist of happiness parameters which include security, hospitality on human relations among individuals, groups and communities. To meet this objectives require social actions such as resources mobilization, fulillment of basic needs and social development intervention of the government.

indicators of welfare

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United Nations (UN) has own parameters such as nutrition, protection, health, education, recreation, security, social stability, the physical environment and the excess of income. Again, from spiritual context welfare could be described as security–religious afairs, healthy, education, income, the repent ability, blessed while death, be pardoned hereafter. he three indicators namely the repent ability, blessed while death, be pardoned hereafter are indicated spiritual approach which uncounted by scholars. However, it believed that human being require the spiritual for their life so that enjoy the life and prosperity without dependence on how much money has.

he above deinitions demonstrated that there are a gap and diferences between modern and spiritual concept of welfare. It indicates that welfare has deined by scholars diferently along with their various background and ideology. Of course, the deinitions made by scholars were correct and acceptable. Yet, we were realized that there is “missing link” due to neglecting a spiritual approach which critical for human being. It perceived that whether modern or general views of welfare tend to be material oriented. It believed that this is the problem of modern deinition and should be revised. Placing spiritual context is critical and this is not dependence on what religion believed has. All religions are having pure and sacred moral views. In this context modern deinitions remain problematic due to generate welfare only based on the material views and did not consider spiritual approach. Furthermore, placing this concept is tremendously acceptable with Indonesian national philosophical foundation “Pancasila” especially the irst principle “Belief in the divinity of God (Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa).”

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localize mainstream social sciences, sociological and social work methods to respond more appropriately to the local context of the Muslim community in Indonesia and elsewhere. But what does indigenization or localization of social sciences sociology and social work involve ?

Issues of Welfare Development in Indonesia

I am going to start with a brief story that begin from Indonesia. Since the rise of Indonesian New Order under President Suharto to Joko Widodo leadership, Indonesia has attempted to increase the level of development in various sectors. However, there were some problems emerged especially regarding income gap and disparity between central and provinces development. Despite of the inequality issues, some issues were also rose although development in all sectors smoothly running including human development. Corruptions have mushroomed across the countries, while public services maintain in the low level. It was a message that a comprehensive concept should be addressed to resolve national problems. Welfare development should be implemented in various sectors. Not only in the context of public services but also in the whole national building. Indonesia has many Province along with the huge potential embedded should be transformed into welfare development. It is not easy, yet under cooperation with all stakeholders the welfare development in Indonesian country will becoming reality.

Since the rise of Reformasi in 1998 followed by transformation era, the critical issue is decentralization. Many people expect that decentralization would be resolve development disparity issue between central and local government in Indonesia. However, some problems risen especially corruption and inequality. In fact, along with rapid development, money comes in and manages locally, development still far from so called “welfare development.” Perhaps, national income has already increase, yet corruption and crime index still growing up. his is a serious problem due to physically developed, yet mentally destroyed. It should be reconstructed so that development not only focus on material but also must to develop the moral and mental of the people.

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transformation to empowering people and lift them from the poverty,” (Kompas, 27/3/2013). he President SBY concept indicates that he would like to ensure that social transformation should be taking into account in development process. To SBY the equilibrium strategy of role of state implemented by President SBY administration through four strategic of economic policy so-called pro growth, pro job, pro poor, and pro environment (Abdul Hakim MS, 2013). Next, after SBY is Jokowi era, focus on mental revolution. his is important to measure that social transformation is developed by society itself. In this context we should be unsure that transformation is moving towards more positive society. he development of spiritual context is critical to avoid the transformation itself divergence from moral values. It is clearly demonstrate that spirituality totally inluence to the social and economic development.

Placing spirituality in the development program could fulill conventional deinition which emphasizes more on physical development. We believe that this is good foundation to the national development. However, in the context of Indonesian development - the innovation only is not enough. Innovation should add with spirituality so that consistent in the moral lines. In line with the question whether skill and knowledge are well constructed? It should be recognized that Indonesia has many well skill and knowledge people, yet poorly managed. his is big problem in Indonesian development. Since decentralization policy was implemented, public administration facing serious problems especially public services management and government fully corrupt. his is heavy job to the regional administration. Nevertheless, we still optimistic by emphasizing spiritual values in the public administration will enhance the performance of the local government.

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some concepts of welfare development.

Welfare Developmental Model:

Has well Constructed

?

In the irst part mentioned that welfare development are constructed and closely related to the professionalism. In this context, professionalism should be addressed in two aspects which consist of physical or material and spiritual aspects. To be professional in all aspects a model need to be introduced in order to create a comprehensive concept for welfare development. In the early discussion this essay was emphasized that spirituality will play important role in welfare development concept. Some scholars have been conducted research across the globe regarding the role of spirituality in the national development. Holloway (2007) for instance mentioned that in the USA consistently found that although up to 80 per cent of people think that it is a good idea for physicians to talk to patients about spiritual beliefs, only 10 per cent or fewer say that their physicians have done so with them. Further all considered spiritual well-being to be an important health component, but most reported infrequent discussions of spiritual issues with patients and infrequent referrals of hospitalized patients to chaplains. he same trend were also have occurred Australia and the UK. How about Indonesia ?

Human Welfare Model: Dimension and Focus

1.

Basically, furthermore, spirituality also goes beyond being just another dimension of human needs. Islam provides guidance on meeting the spiritual, physical, cognitive, psychological and social needs (Barise, 2004). In this context we will introduce a framework which expected to be applicable to the welfare development model. he framework is as below:

Figure 1: Dimension of Human Welfare Model

Physical and

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Community Development Model

2.

Historically, the idea of community development model is grew, in the west academicians and as the activities of colonial administrators. We can look to the body of overlapping ideas, including community participation, community organization and community work. In this context, that community development is perhaps best used to approaches which use a mix of informal education, collective action and organizational development and focus on cultivating social justice, mutual aid, local networks and communal coherence.

Based on my MA thesis, that people are the subjects and objects of the development process of their own community, and capable of having responsibility for it. In the community development modelparticularly refers to the approaches or interventions from government agencies and non-government organizations with the basic principles although it varies depending on the situation. However, Community development model can illustrated as:

Figure 2: Community Development Model

A1 A2 A3 An

B1

Dinamic Community

Local Community External Community

Independence Community

Notes: A1, A2, A3 and An = Government Agencies B1 = Non-government Organizations

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However, in the community development model, urgently, how to grew the initiative of the community itself, the support from community members, community organizations and government. Cooperation is a strategic concept for improving the welfare of society. All these elements determine the achievement of development based on the aspirations of the people.

Evaluation Strategic Model

3.

However, in welfare development for strategic increasingly more concerned with development assessment morality and transparency - as a way of thinking skeptic in organizations that have a purpose and values (not just concerned with the work product). hus, assessment approaches or evaluation into a programme implementation important to put a human morality, especially as a priority for service eicient. Assessment strategies are technical-rational, need to be combined with interpretive approach that could produce a more critical approach to the practice of development, especially to facilitate engagement and openness to ‘debate’ about the practical values, in the form of accuracy up to the implementation of the program (Everitt & Hardiker 1996).

Figure 3: Evaluation Strategic Model

Evaluation

Source: adopted and modiied from Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Pengurusan

Pembangunan Bandar di Indonesia (Prof. Dato’ DR. Razali Agus dan

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Contextually, as basic sources - welfare development strategic model include and respect the values philosophy, laws and aspirations of users. his system approach can be seen as a new approach in the assessment of development (Posavac & Carey 1985). In practice, this strategic models need to carry out monitoring and research, examine the accuracy programs, as well as oriented to a community decision. he study of all aspects of the values in each phase of development activities in the use of is very important as will give an overview of the tasks assessors should have a moral responsibility to the communities (Stulebeam & Shinkield 1985). he focus of welfare development strategic model as in Figure 2.

However, strategic model depicted in the form of the system. he main focus of attention and are used as a basis in assessment strategies are the values of philosophy and the Acts in practice. Assessment or evaluation can be addressed to ideology, accuracy and programs, implementation and execution (bureaucratic and organizational) systems, and the recipient (people). Whatever the form of the changes and developments, the approach in this evaluation strategy still needs to be studied to be adapted to the issues and interests of the target (people), and the subject, practical model that is based on social realities.

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Conclusion

Many areas in Indonesia could be explored to enhance people’s welfare. his is a challenge to the people. Nonetheless, this is a big opportunity to demonstrate that Indonesia is potential and could be develop country. he religiosity of Indonesian Moslems is a primary modal to improve people’s welfare in the mid of corruption. Under the spirit of innovation and religiosity, welfared Indonesia will come true.

hus, in my view, Islam as a source of strength for Indonesian Moslems and a factor that balances cultural traditions and modern inluences. indigenisation or localization of sociology refers to the process of mainly developing social sciences and sociology approaches rooted in the national context issues, but also adjusting mainstream social sciences and sociology to it the local context. In this book, I write with all collegues focus on ilosophy and meanings of welfare development as an attempt to understand and integrate social sciences and sociology discusses related to issues and problem solving practices in Islamic perspective. he last but not less, Sociologist need to be aware of the various challenges that the Moslem community in Indonesia is facing. he Islamic values of family ties, community support, and spiritual-based methods of solving social problems are waning with today’s modern life.

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