HAZARA’S DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER NOVEL (2003):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
NUR SYIFA’ FUADINA A320090131
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
v MOTTO
1. Days are expensive. When you spend a day you have one less
day to spend. So make sure you spend each one wise. (Jim
Rohn)
2. Time is more valuable than money. You can get more money,
but you cannot get more time. (Dalai Lama)
3. The world is a dangerous place to live, not because of the
people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do
anything about it. (Albert Einstein)
4. Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.
vi
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
1.
The Greatest Ones in the world ALLAH SWT and My Prophet
Muhammad SAW.
2.
My beloved parents.
3.
My dearest family.
4.
All of my friends.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum WarahmatullahiWabarakatuh.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, all praise and gratitude for Allah SWT, the Lord
of the world who has given opportunity for the researcher to finish the paper entitled
‘Hazara’s Discrimination Reflected In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner Novel
(2003): A Sociological Approach’. Greetings and invocation are presented to the
Prophet Muhammad SAW, families andfriends, who has guided Islam from the
darkness to the brightness.
The researcher would like to express her gratitude for all of people who has
given contribution to make this research paper more completely. Because without
their contribution maybe the researcher wouldn’t finish this research paper.
Therefore, in this opportunity she would like to say thanks and great appreciation to:
1. Drs. N. Setyaningsih, M.Si, the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, the Chief of English Department, School of
Teacher Training and Education in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum, the First Consultant, for the greatest
guidance, attention and motivation from the beginning up to finishing this
viii
4. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum, the Second Consultant, who has improved the
writing of this research so that make this research more interesting to read in
correct sentences.
5. Fitri Kurniawan, S.Pd, the academic consultant.
6. The entire lectures in Muhammdiyah University of Surakarta.
7. Her beloved parents, ibu and bapak, Djupri and Siti Ruqayah for all of the
great love and never stop to give advices.
8. Her special person Faridz Abdul Rozzaq who always helping and give her
motivating.
9. Her best friend Pebri, Phinda, Tatik, Amalia, Diah who always motivated to
be better and give spirit, thanks for all togetherness, jokes, spirit and
happiness.
10.All her friends in English Department 2009, especially class C
11.And to all the many people who cannot be mentioned one by one.
Hopefully this research paper will be useful for those who want to study
literature. The researcher realizes that the research paper is still far from being
perfect. Therefore, supportive criticism and suggestion are really hoped and needed to
make this research paper better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Surakarta, July 2013
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
PAGE OF TITTLE ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
ACCEPTANCE ... iii
TESTIMONY ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ... x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Previous Study ... 7
C. Problem Statement ... 8
D. Limitation of the Study ... 8
E. Objective of the Study ... 8
F. Benefit of the Study ... 9
G. Research Paper Method ... 9
H. Research Paper Organization ... 11
xi
A. Sociology of Literature ... 12
B. Perspective of Sociology of Literature ... 13
1. Literary work as the Social Document ... 13
2. Literary Work as the Reflection of Social Situation of the Writer ... 14
3. Literary Work as the Manifestation of the Historical Moment ... 15
C. Notion of Domestic Discrimination ... 17
D. Structural Elements of the Novel ... 18
1. Character and Characterization ... 18
2. Setting ... 18
3. Point of View ... 19
4. Plot ... 20
5. Style ... 20
6. Theme ... 20
E. Theoretical Application ... 21
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE AFGHANISTAN SOCIETY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ... 22
A. Aspect of Social Background ... 22
1. Social Aspect ... 22
2. Economic Aspect ... 24
xii
4. Cultural Aspect ... 30
5. Science and Technological Aspect ... 32
6. Religious Aspect ... 33
B. The Life of Khaled Hosseini ... 34
CHAPTER IV: THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE KITE RUNNER ... 37
A. Structural Elements of The Kite Runner Novel ... 37
1. Character and Characterization ... 37
2. Setting ... 70
3. Plot ... 72
a. Exposition ... 72
b. Complication ... 73
c. Climax ... 74
d. Resolution ... 75
4. Style ... 77
5. Point of View ... 88
6. Theme ... 88
B. Discussion ... 90
CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ... 93
A. Sociological Analysis ... 93
1. Social Aspect ... 93
xiii
3. Religious Aspect ... 96
4. Cultural Aspect ... 96
5. Political Aspect ... 97
6. Science and Technological Aspect ... 98
B. Discussion ... 99
CHAPTER VI:CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 102
A. Conclusion. ... 102
B. Educational Implication ... 103
C. Suggestion ... 104
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ix
ABSTRACT
NUR SYIFA’ FUADINA, A320090131. HAZARA’S DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN KHALED HOSSEINI’STHE KITE RUNNER NOVEL (2003): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2013.
This study is about Hazara’s Discrimination Reflected in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner Novel (2003) by using a sociological approach. The objectives of the study are to analyze the novel based its structural elements and to describe the novel based on the sociological approach.
The researcher uses qualitative method to analyze the novel. The object of the study is The Kite Runner Novel that consists of twenty five chapters and 215 pages. It is analyzed through Sociological Approach. The primary data is taken from the novel itself and the secondary data sources are books or any information that are relevant to the subject matter. The techniques of the data are reading the novel repeatedly, taking notes of important parts both primary and secondary data, arranging the data into several groups based on its theoretical category, selecting particular parts considered important and relevant for analysis, drawing conclusion and formulate its pedagogical suggestion. The techniques of data analysis are as follows: the first is analyzing the data based on its structural elements, focuses paid on the structural analysis of the novel, the second step is analyzing the data based in Sociological Approach, and focuses paid on the meaning of Hazara’s discrimination.
The conclusions of study are, first based on structural analysis of each element, it shows that the character and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, style, and theme are related to each other and form the unity into good quality of novel. It conveys a message that the racial injustice must be crashed, because all people of all races are equal in the law. Second, based on Sociological Approach, the conclusion is that there is racial discrimination in The Kite Runner novel. Khaled Hosseini shows that Hazara get the discrimination from Pashtun or soldier of Taliban in Kabul, Afghanistan.
