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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT………. i
ABSTRAK………... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..………. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……….. iv
LIST OF TABLES……….. ix
LIST OF FIGURES………..…. x
LIST OF APPENDICES………... xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………. 1
1.1 The Background of the Study………... 1
1.2 The Identifications of Problems……….. 13
1.3 The Limitations of Problems……….. 15
1.4 The Problems of the Study………. 15
1.5 The Objectives of the Study………... 16
1.6 The Significances of the Study……… 16
1.7 The Limitations of Terms……… 18
CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF LITERATURE………... 18
2.1 Theoretical Framework……… 18
2.1.1 Multilingual Education (MLE) ……….. 18
a. The Nature of Multilingual Education………... 18
b. Multilingual Competence………..………..……….. 20
c. Multilingual Education in the World………. 21
2.1.2 First Language-Based Multilingual Education (FL-BMLE)………. 23
a. The Concept of First Language………. 24
b. First Language in Multilingual Education……… 26
c. FL-BMLE Learning Model………... 27
d. The Ideal Model of FL-BMLE ………. 29
2.1.3 Learning English at Elementary Schools………..31
a. English Test for Elementary Learners………... 31
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b. Learning Theories in English Language Teaching……… 32
c. Second Language Acquisition………...……… 33
d. Communicative Language Teaching………. 34
e. Translanguaging Theory in Multilingual Education………. 40
f. Constructivism Learning Theory………... 44
2.1.4 Designing a Learning Model………. 51
a. Language Learning Model……….51
b. Components of Learning Model………53
c. Kinds of Learning Model……….. 54
d. Phases of Designing Learning Model………... 56
e. The Effectiveness of Learning Model………... 57
1. The Validity………... 58
2. The Reliability………... 58
3. The Practicality………..59
4. The Effectiveness……….. 60
2.2Related Studies………... 61
2.3 Conceptual Framework……….. 71
2.4 The Design of MT-BMLE Learning Model……….. 71
2.4.1 Learning Syntax in FL-BMLE Model……… 74
2.4.2 Social System in FL-BMLE Model………... 76
2.4.3 Management Reaction Principles………...……….77
2.4.4 Support System in FL-BMLE Model………..………78
2.4.5 Instructional Impacts ……….……… 78
CHAPTER IIIRESEARCHMETHODOLOGY……… 79
3.1Research Design………. 79
3.2Time and Location of the Research……….. 80
3.3Population and Sample………. 80
3.4 Developmental Research Design……….…... 80
3.4.1 Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation……….. 81
3.4.2 Phase 2: Design/Prototyping……… 84
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3.4.3 Phase 3: Realization/Constructions……….... 86
3.4.4 Phase 4: Test, Evaluation, Revision……… 91
3.5The Instruments and Techniques of Data Collection………... 96
3.5.1 The Validation Sheets……….. 96
3.5.2 The Experts' Scoring Sheets………... 98
3.5.3 The Observation Sheets………..… 100
3.5.4 Learners and Teachers' Questionnaires………....100
3.5.5 English Test………..101
3.6 The Techniques of Data Analysis………...….101
CHAPTERIVDATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS..………..109
4.1. Data Analysis……….... 109
4.1.1 Phase-1: Preliminary Investigation………...109
4.1.1.1 Results of the Preliminary Investigation………. ... 109
a. The Existed Learning Model ………...… 110
b. Teacher’s Needs Analysis ………... 113
c. Learners’ Needs Analysis………...115
d. The Results of Learners’ Pre Test………...122
4.1.1.2 Preliminary Investigation Results on Teaching Kits………...124
4.1.2 Phase-2: Design/Prototyping……….....126
4.1.2.1 The Design of FL-BMLE Learning Model……….....126
a. The Design of FL-BMLE Learning Syntax………....127
b. The Design of Social System………...128
c. The Design of Reaction Principles Management………...128
d. The Design of Support System………...129
e. The Design of Instructional Impacts………...129
4.1.2.2 The Design of Teaching Kits………...130
a. English Lesson Plan (RPP) ………...131
b. The Teaching Materials Design………...133
c. The Teacher’s Guide Book Design………...134
d. The Learners’ Guide Book………...135
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e. The Learners’ Worksheets………...136
f. English Test……….………...137
4.1.2.3 Research Instruments Design……….... 137
a. Selecting the Format and Types of Instrument……… 137
b. Defining Aspects and Indicators of Instruments………. 138
c. Designing Rules and Criteria of Research Instruments………... 144
4.1.3 Phase-3: Realization………. 145
4.1.3.1 Learning Model Realization……….. 145
4.1.3.2. Realization of Teaching Kits……… 149
4.1.3.3. Realization of Research Instruments ……… 152
4.1.4 Phase-4: Test, Evaluation, and Revision………... 157
4.1.4.1 The Validity of FL-BMLE Research Instruments………... 158
4.1.4.2. The Validity of FL-BMLE Learning Model………... 159
4.1.4.3. The Reliability of FL-BMLE Learning Model……… 168
4.1.4.4 The Practicality of FL-BMLE Learning Model and Teaching Kits………. 169
4.1.4.5 The Effectiveness of Learning Model Implementation…………..……….. 170
4.1.4.6 The Results of Model Trials………... 171
1. The Results of Trial 1………. 171
2. The Results of Trial 2………. 181
4.2 RESEARCH FINDINGS………...….. 192
4.3 DISCUSSIONS………...….. 196
4.3.1 The Design of FL-BMLE Model in English Language Learning……….. 196
4.3.2 Piaget and Vygotsky Learning Theories in Language Learning……….. 201
4.3.3 The Novelty of the Research………203
4.3.4 The Limitations of the Study……… 206
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CHAPTER VCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS………. 208
5.1 CONCLUSIONS.……….….. 208
5.2IMPLICATIONS.……….….. 209
5.3 SUGGESTIONS……… 211
BIBLIOGRAPHY………... 213
APPENDICES………...………... 224
