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§ Abhishek Tiwari ,TIMS, LUCKNOW
§ Mr.Pharindra Kumar Sharma,GIIT Gwalior
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§ Shiva Prasad.S,Vignan University,Guntur
§ Tribikram Pradhan,Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal.
§ Sathyaprakash Palaniappan,Mahabarathi Engineering College,Chinnasalem.
§ Ankit Garg,Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University, Haryana
§ Anuj Kumar Sing H,Amity University, Haryana, Gurgaon, India
§ Ms. Neha Gulati,University Business School,Panjab University,Chandigarh , India
§ Mohammad Sadegh Mirzaei,University of Applied Science and Technology,Abadeh Branch,Iran
§ Mr. Jayprakash Upadhyay,SRI-TECH Jabalpur
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§ Prof. S.R.Boselin Prabhu,SVS College of Engineering , Coimbatore
§ Umesh Kumar Sen,Govt. MGM PG College , Itarsi (M.P.)
§ J. Naren,SASTRA University, Thanjavur
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§ Akhilesh Pandey,Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur
§ Mohammed. Shafakhatullah Khan,University of Nizwa, Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
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§ Prof. Sharda Prasad Patel
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International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – volume 30 Number 3 – December 2015
ISSN: 2231-2803
http://www.ijcttjournal.org
Page 169
Internet of Things for Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System:
A Case Study in Denpasar
I Made Oka Widyantara
#1, Nyoman Putra Sastra
*2 #Electrical Engineering Department, Enginnering Faculty, Udayana University
Bukit Jimbaran Campus, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
Abstract
—
This research intends to determine the
design of the implementation of the Internet of
Things (IoT) for intelligent traffic monitoring system
(ITMS) in the Denpasar city, Bali, Indonesia. The
goal was to get a monitoring system that was able
to visualize the traffic on the Web-based GPS/GPRS.
IoT implementation focused on three main
components, namely the acquisition of traffic by
leveraging the capabilities of GPS as a sensor,
GPRS-based data transport, and the design of a
Web/GIS-based traffic monitoring software. The
results show was possible to interconnect the GPS
tracker, GPRS and Internet networks as IoT scheme
for building ITMS in Denpasar
Keywords
—
IoT, Intelligent traffic monitoring,
GPS, GPRS, Denpasar.
I.
I
NTRODUCTION(S
IZE10
&
B
OLD)
Based on 2015 census data, the population of the
city of Denpasar amounted to 880.600 inhabitants.
This number increased by 2% from the previous year.
Population growth is also correlated with the
increase in demand for transport. This will directly
affect the growing risk of growing traffic problems,
such as congestion and accidents, which decrease the
performance of the service road. Therefore, we need
a mechanism of transport management in the
Denpasar city which is able to minimize traffic
problems.
Currently, some traffic information services
already enjoyed by the citizens in the city of
Denpasar, such as radio service broadcasting and
video streaming services. In general, the information
conveyed by these services are subjective, so that
road users should interpret the traffic conditions.
Portrait of traffic information services shows that the
traffic information management in the city of
Denpasar has not been integrated, and requires road
users to use multiple devices to access information.
Nowdays, the most crucial is no real-time traffic
service.
Intelligent traffic monitoring system (ITMS) is a
transport system that uses information and
communication technology (ICT) to address and
reduce transport and congestion problems. In general,
ITMS rely on location-based information: to monitor
traffic conditions, a number of sensors attached to
the vehicle to get information about the estimated
time of travel, driving conditions, and traffic
incidents [1]. The more sensors are installed, then
the information will be more quickly detected
congestion. Furthermore, traffic can be redirected to
other routes to reduce congestion.
There is several input information that can be
used to realize intelligent traffic monitoring systems,
such as digital video camera or CCTV, traffic
analyser, traffic counters, and so on. All devices that
can be expressed as sensors installed on roads.
Furthermore,
for
the
dissemination
of
the
information can use a variety of alternative media,
such as variable message sign (VMS) or electronic
sign board, and radio broadcasts. But the
incorporation of multiple technologies in ITMS
requires an integration mechanism so that traffic
data can be processed into traffic information.
IoT is a new paradigm in the field of information
and communication technologies that allow all the
sensors capture the data traffic can communicate
with each other through a network such as the
Internet. With a focus on the application of sensor
technology, few studies have been done to
implement IoT on ITMS, such as using cloud
computing
[2][3],
communication
technology
machine to machine (M2M) [4], the combination of
radio frequency identification (RFID) and Global
Position Systems (GPS) [5]. The results of this study
show it is possible to realize the ITMS in IoT
framework.
This paper intends to develop a model of ITMS
implementation for Denpasar city by utilizing GPS
tracker devices as sensors embedded. In the scheme
of IoT, GPS device can communicate with the server
via the internet network, and dissemination of traffic
information
using
Web-GIS
(Geographic
Information Systems) applications.
This paper is organized as follows: In Section II,
we describe the key technologies of IoT for ITMS.
Section III describes the developed system
architecture, and Section IV describes the design of
implementation. In Section V, we offer several
conclusions
II.
I
NTERNET OFT
HINGS(I
OT)
FORI
NTELLIGENTT
RAFFICM
ONITORINGS
YSTEMInternational Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – volume 30 Number 3 – December 2015
ISSN: 2231-2803
http://www.ijcttjournal.org
Page 170
to achieve certain goals. As described by [7],
three-tier architecture of the IoT is shown in Figure 1.
Internet/ GPRS Data acquisition layer Data transport layer Data processing layer
Fig. 1 Three-tier architecture of Internet of Things
A.
Data Acquisition Layer
The basic data used to realize the ITMS is
information about the movement of vehicles,
including vehicle location, speed, and direction. The
condition of the current state of the vehicle can be
received with some integrated sensors such as
environmental mapping and location of vehicles
simultaneously through GPS technology. Another
technology that can be used is RFID. This device
can identify the vehicle, read data and write vehicle
label. By examining the data position and speed of
vehicle, the traffic information can be realized.
Techniques for collecting road information can
use the contact traffic detection technology such as
sensors toroid, geomagnetic vehicle detection
(GVD), and the piezoelectric detection technology.
Moreover, it can also use the technology of
non-contact detection of traffic such as networked
surveillance cameras (CCTV). With the support of
mobile technology, many mobile devices are already
implanted sensor technologies, such as GPS tracker
and image processing capability, so as to perform
image segmentation procedures for the classification
of the object vehicle the vehicle.
B.
Data Transport Layer
When traffic data is obtained, layer 2 of the
architecture
IoT
will
perform
transmission
mechanism to transport data to the server. There are
two schemes of transport traffic data that can be
used: wired and wireless technologies. On wired
technology, fiber optic communications network has
been used as a backbone network infrastructure for
wide area network (WAN), making it possible to
build high-speed internet network for data
transmission.
Wireless
network
technology,
communication system includes an FM radio,
satellite
and
mobile.
FM
communication
technologies including radio broadcast, radio data
system (RDS), and digital audio broadcasting (DAB),
and digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB).
GPS satellite communications technology is
widely used for location-based traffic monitoring.
As shown in Figure 2, the GPS technology consists
of three parts: satellites, ground stations and users.
Satellites in orbit for 24 hours, and there are 4
satellites of 21 satellites visible from the earth
station. Four satellites will provide vertical and
horizontal position data for each station in the form
of coordinates (x, y, z). In function of vehicle speed
information (dx/dt, dy/dt, dz/dt) can also be obtained
in all weather conditions [5].
Ground
Control Station Client Data to G PS sate llite Dat a from GPS sate llite N aviga tion da ta from G
PS sa
tellite s
Fig. 2 GPS satellite communication system
Mobile telecommunications technology that is
already implemented today are GSM, GPRS, 3G,
and 4G, and will be followed by the standard 5G.
General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet data
communication features on GSM technology, which
makes it possible to transmit high-speed data via
terminals / mobile phone devices. GPRS provides a
wireless IP connectivity in a large area for GSM
users. As shown in Figure 3, GPRS fully supports
TCP / IP, dynamic IP address allocation, and provide
mobile internet services via the GGSN.
Internet xSERIES 200 xSERIES 200 BTS BTS GGSN BSC SGSN PCU Backbone GPRS MS
MS : Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station
SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
Fig. 3 GPRS architecture
C.
Data Processing La
yer
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – volume 30 Number 3 – December 2015
ISSN: 2231-2803
http://www.ijcttjournal.org
Page 171
using license plate recognition (LPR) algorithm [8]
and enumeration method [9].
Furthermore, traffic information disseminated using
a wide variety of media. Several models have been
proposed dissemination of traffic such as
Web-GIS-based
applications
[10]
and
Android-based
applications developed by [11].
III.
P
ROPOSEDM
ETHODThe main target of this research on ITMS
Denpasar has developed a traffic management centre
with the ability to: (i) to process traffic data from
GPS tracker device into a real-time traffic
information system based on Google Map API, (ii)
providing a web-based traffic information services /
GIS. Related to the above, this research proposes a
network architecture model of IoT, as shown in
Figure 4. This model is adapted from the proposed
model of network architecture IOT of [5].
Internet GPRS/GSM BTS BTS BTS GPS Satellite Tran S arbagit a Bus/G PS Trac
ker
Traffic Management
Center
Fig. 4 Network architecture model of IOT for ITMS
Denpasar
In the data acquisition, the data traffic in the form
of coordinates and velocity obtained from the GPS
tracker. Data format of this standard will facilitate
the integration of data in the process of making
traffic information on spatial map Google Map API.
To get a real time traffic information, the application
must be supported by continuous data acquisition.
Therefore, the data acquisition was done by placing
GPS devices on the vehicle bus Trans Sarbagita.
Trans Sarbagita bus is Denpasar city mass
transportation services run by the provincial
government of Bali.
For data transport, the proposed model used
GPRS technology for Internet access. GPRS
provides a wireless IP connectivity in a large area
for GSM users, so as to support client-server based
applications. GPS tracker sent the coordinates and
speed of data to the server using the IP network.
In the data processing, the server processed the
GPS coordinates and the speed of data into traffic
information, and visualized on Google maps.
Coordinate data used to visualize the position of the
vehicle, while the speed of the data used for the
visualization of traffic categories, as well, being,
dense and jammed. Further, traffic information
disseminated to the public using Web-based media.
IV.
I
MPLEMENTATIONA.
GPS Traffic Flow Diagram to ITMS
Based on Figure 4, this research used
bidirectional communication scheme between the
GPS tracker device with GPRS/GSM. In this scheme,
the GPS tracker and GPRS/GSM can hold
information about the position and speed of the
Trans Sarbagita bus at any time, and send that
information to a web server, as shown in Figure 5.
The data sent to the web server used a fixed IP
address and port which had been set. Therefore, the
GPS tracker that was located at the Trans Sarbagita
bus must have an interface with functions: (i)
communicates with GPS satellites to get the data
position and velocity, (ii) transmit position data and
speed to the server GPS via a data communication
GPRS / GSM.
For data collection, research used Trans Sarbagita
bus travel route as shown in Figure 6. Along this
route, the vehicle position and speed can be
monitored from the GPS tracker device through GPS
satellites.
Take the location and speed GPS GPS tracker GPRS GPS Server Web ServerFig.5 Traffic flow diagram of GPS based ITMS
B.
Design of Software
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – volume 30 Number 3 – December 2015
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 172
Fig. 6 Trans Sarbagita bus route map
1)
GPS server software design:
In general, GPS
server has the primary function of reading the data
sent by the GPS tracker, and sent that data to a Web
server for the visualization of data traffic. In the GPS
server, TCP / IP was responsible for receiving data
from the National Marine Electronics Association
(NMEA) sent by the GPS tracker device via GPRS
to a specific port and IP addresses that have been
specified. This data contains the identification
number (id) of a GPS device, wherein each GPS
device has a unique ID number. As shown in Figure
7, when the GPS tracker was set active (on), he sent
a position in NMEA format to the GPS server.
Furthermore, the server parses the NMEA data, and
extract the latitude / longitude and speed data, and
save them to a database.
Send position in the GPS NMEA format
Check the IP for new connections
Id Valid?
Break NMEA data dan insert latitude/
longitude information to the
database
Save data to the database No
Yes
Fig 7. Flow diagram software for GPS server
Further processing of this data can be done, like
categorizing road density. To get the appropriate
conversion related to the definition of the category
of traffic, this paper used speed range proposed by
[testifying], as shown in Table 1
T
ABLEI
C
ATEGORIESR
OADT
RAFFICD
ENSITYSpeed (Km/h)
Road density
category
Colour
40
–
57
Fluent
Blue
26
–
< 40
Medium
Green
17
–
< 26
Heavy
Orange
< 17
Jammed
Red
2)
Designing software for the application interface:
Figure 8 define the client-server interaction design at
the application interface to display the visualization
of information on the ITMS. The concept was a GPS
server always update the data reading coordinate and
speed, and sends it to the Web-GIS server
periodically. With this scheme, the visual display of
traffic can be displayed according to the traffic
category of traffic and updated during Trans
Sarbagita bus kept going.
XML HTTP Request User Web server Database GPS server
Fig. 8 The client-server interaction design
V.
C
ONCLUSIONThis research has proposed the implementation of
IoT for ITMS of Denpasar city. Network
architecture based GPS/GPRS proposed has the
ability to process traffic data into traffic information,
such as road density category. Furthermore,
visualization of road density category will be
displayed to the public through a Web/GIS-based
media. With this media, road user will have accurate
information about traffic, so as to manage
adventures.
A
CKNOWLEDGMENTThis work was funded by 2015 Research Grant of
Study Program Excellency from the Udayana
University
under
contract
No:
2006/UN14.1.31/PN.00.00.00/2015.
R
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