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POTENSI INTERAKSI OBAT ANTIDIABETES PADA PENGGUNAAN ANTIDIABETIK ORAL DI TIGA PUSKESMAS DI KOTA MEDAN
PERIODE APRIL – JUNI 2015
ABSTRAK
Diabetes merupakan salah satu penyakit yang angka kejadiannya cenderung mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ketahun. Penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 mencapai 90-95% dari keseluruhan populasi penderita diabetes dan merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang memerlukan penanganan seksama. Umumnya pasien diabetes akan menerima pengobatan polifarmasi. Risiko interaksi obat akan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah obat yang digunakan oleh individu. Hal ini akan berdampak terjadinya Drug Related Problems dimana salah satunya adalah interaksi obat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya potensi interaksi obat antidiabetik oral , frekuensi potensi interaksi obat, pola mekanisme interaksi, jenis obat antidiabetik oral yang berinteraksi dan tingkat keparahan interaksi serta hubungan antara potensi interaksi obat dengan usia dan jumlah obat.
Penelitian dilakukan di tiga puskesmas di Kota Medan yakni: Puskesmas Glugur Darat, Puskesmas Helvetia dan Puskesmas Teladan pada bulan April 2015 - Juni 2015. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu lembar resep pasien yang mendapat antidiabetik oral. Jenis penelitian adalah survei deskriptif Cross Sectional. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan uji Chi-Square pada program SPSS Advanced Statistic 18.0.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 626 lembar resep ditemukan 472 lembar resep yang mengalami kejadian potensi interaksi obat antidiabetik oral dengan frekuensi potensi interaksi 75,40%. Jenis obat antidiabetik-oral yang paling sering mengalami potensi interaksi adalah Metformin 66,86% dan Glibenklamid 32,43%. Pola mekanisme interaksi yang paling sering terjadi yaitu unknown (54,77%); tingkat keparahan interaksi yang terjadi yaitu moderate (51,64%) dan minor (48,36%). Faktor yang mempengaruhi potensi interaksi obat antidiabetes adalah jumlah obat (P<0,005).
Berdasarkan hasil uraian diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat potensi interaksi obat antidiabetik oral di ketiga puskesmas, dengan pola mekanisme interaksi unknown. Jenis obat antidiabetes yang paling sering berinteraksi metformin dengan tingkat keparahan moderate. Jumlah obat mempengaruhi potensi interaksi.
Kata kunci: Diabetes, potensi interaksi, frekuensi, obat antidiabetes, faktor pengaruh, puskesmas.
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POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS OF ANTIDIABETES IN THE USE OF ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUG IN THREE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE
CENTERS AT MEDAN PERIOD APRIL – JUNE 2015
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is one of disease that the incidence of diabetes tends to increase from year to year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients reach 90-95% of all diabetic population and is a degenerative disease that requires careful handling. Generally, diabetes patients will receive polypharmacy treatment.The risk of drug interactions increase with the increase in the number of drugs that are used by individuals. It will affects the Drug Related Problems where one of them is drug interactions.
This study aimed to determine whether there is potential oral antidiabetic drug interactions, the frequency of potential drug interaction, the patterns of interaction mechanism, the kinds of oral antidiabetic drug interactions, severity of interactions and the relationship between potential drug interaction with the age and potential drug interaction with the number of drugs.
The study was conducted in three health care centers in city Medan namely: Glugur Darat Health Center, Helvetia Health Center and Teladan Health Center from April 2015 - June 2015. A sample of the study is that patients who gave the recipes of oral antidiabetic drug. This study was a descriptive cross sectional survey. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square test in SPSS Advanced Statistics 18.0.
The results showed from 626 pieces of prescriptions found 472 piece of prescriptions experience the incidence of potential oral-antidiabetes drug interaction with frequency of interaction potential was 75.40%. The kinds of oral-antidiabetes drug interaction more often occurred was Metformin 66.86% and Glibenclamide 32.43%. The mechanism of interactions more often occurred was unknown (54.77%); the severity of interaction more often occured was moderate (51.64%) and minor (48.36%). Factors that affect potential drug interactions of antidiabetes drugs is the number of medications (P<0.005).
Based of the result of the study, it concluded that the incidence of potential oral antidiabetic drug interaction in three health care centers was high with the mechanism of interaction was unknown. The kinds of antidiabetes drug interaction more often was metformin with the severity of interaction was moderate. The number of medications affected potential drug interaction.
Keywords: Diabetes, potential interaction, frequency, antidiabetes drugs, the effect of factors, health center.
