A THESIS
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING
EXPLANATION WRITING
LEARNING IN
(A Classroom Action Research at Tenth Grade Students
of SMA Negeri 13 Surabaya).
um
Universitas
RIA NOVIA
NIM.
ADVISORS
Linda Mayasari, S.Pd.,
Waode Hamsia, S.Pd.,
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT EDUCATION
FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHERS TRAINING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
2018
A THESIS
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING
EXPLANATION WRITING THROUGH
LEARNING IN SMA NEGERI 13 SURABAYA
(A Classroom Action Research at Tenth Grade Students
of SMA Negeri 13 Surabaya).
um surabaya
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
RIA NOVIA
NIM. 20141111111
ADVISORS
Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Waode Hamsia, S.Pd., M.Pd.
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT EDUCATION
FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHERS TRAINING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
2018
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING OF
THROUGH TASK-BASED
SMA NEGERI 13 SURABAYA
(A Classroom Action Research at Tenth Grade Students
surabaya
Surabaya
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT EDUCATION
ii
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING OF
EXPLANATION WRITING THROUGH TASK-BASED
LEARNING IN SMA NEGERI 13 SURABAYA
(A Classroom Action Research at Tenth Grade Students of SMA
Negeri 13 Surabaya).
THESIS
Presented as Practical Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Attainment of Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education
RIA NOVIA NIM. 20141111111
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT EDUCATION
FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHERS TRAINING MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
iii
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ACKNOWLEDMENT
Bismillahirahmanirrahim…
First of all, the researcher would like to express her thank for more than million times to Allah SWT, who has been giving the researcher guidance and strength so she can finish this thesis with full of believe and pride. Peace and blessing always be upon to our Prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, companions and followers.
This thesis is presented to Department of English Education Faculty of Teachers’ Training and Education Muhammadiyah Surabaya University as a fulfillment of the requirement for her degree. The researcher would like to give the deepest thank especially for Mrs. Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M. Pd. and Mrs. Waode Hamsia, S.Pd., M. Pd., as her advisors who has patiently given guidance and valuable advice to finish this thesis. Her thank also be given to those people who helped her finishing her work, among others:
1. Her beloved parents, Mr. Umardani and Mrs. Ana Maria and her beloved sisters Imelda Fransiska, Intan Ayu Agustin and Novita Cahaya who always give loves, supports, moral encouragement and motivations to finish this thesis.
2. Dr. Dr. Sukadiono, M.M., as the head of Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya
3. Endah Hendarwati, S.E., M. Pd., as the Dean of college the Teacher Training and Education.
4. Drs. Wijayadi, M. Pd., as the Chair Person of English Department. 5. All lectures who have educated the researcher so she knows many things. 6. Her best friends especially in “P2K 2014” class who have always given
their best support, care and help.
vii The researcher realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, the researcher expects some suggestions and criticisms for this paper. At last, the researcher hopes this research paper may be useful for all.
Surabaya, 21 Augustus 2018
Ria Novia
viii
MOTTOS
“There will be always the possibility; we just need to try, even harder”
And
“Everybody has to had a change to be somebody”
DEDICATIONS
Umardani and Ana Maria
Beloved parents, homes and inspiring teachers
Imelda Fransiska
Beloved Sister
Intan Ayu Agustin
Beloved Sister
Novita Cahaya
xiii TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF COVER ... i
PAGE OF TITTLE ... ii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ... iii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ... iv
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN ... v
ACKNOWLEDMENTS ... vi
MOTTO AND DEDICATION... viii
ABSTRACT ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xiii
LIST OF TABLES ... xvi
LIST OF APPENDICIES ... xvii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 The Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Research Questions ... 3
1.3 The Objectives of the Study ... 3
1.4 The Significance of the Study ... 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Problem ... 4
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 5
1.7 Organization of Writing ... 6
CHAPTER II LITERARURE REVIEW ... 7
2.1 Review of Theory ... 7
2.1.1 Writing ... 7
2.1.1.1 The purposes in Writing ... 8
xiv
2.1.1.3 Explanation Text ... 10
2.1.2 Task Based Learning ... 12
2.1.3 Eco-composition ... 15
2.1.4 Critical Thinking ... 15
2.1.5 Previous Study ... 17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 19
3.1 Type of the Study ... 19
3.2 Research Setting... 20
3.3 Research Participants ... 20
3.4 Procedure of Research ... 20
3.4.1 Reconnaissance ... 21
3.4.2 Planning ... 21
3.4.3 Action and Observation ... 21
3.4.4 Reflection ... 21
3.5 Data Collection ... 22
3.5.1 Type of Data ... 22
3.5.2 Data Collection and Instrument ... 22
3.6 Data AnalysisTechnique ... 23
3.6.1 Data Analysis ... 24
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 27
4.1 Description of Data ... 27
4.1.1 Findings of the Preliminary Study ... 27
4.1.1.1 The result of interview ... 27
4.1.1.2 The result of pre-test ... 28
4.1.2 Finding in Cycle ... 30
4.1.3 Finding after Implementing the Action ... 39
xv
4.1.3.2 The result of students’ critical thinking ...41
4.2 Discussion...50
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGESSTION ...53
5.1 Conclussion ...53
5.2 Sugesstion ...53
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...55
xvi LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: The Result of Pre-Test ... 42
Table 4.2: The Comparison of Students’ Score ... 44
Table 4.3: Students’ Critical Thinking Detail Aspects of Pre-Test ... 45
xvii LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Interview Result ...55
Appendix 2: Observation Sheets ...57
Appendix 3: Lesson Plans ...62
Appendix 4: Scoring Rubric ...71
Appendix 5: Students’ Score (Pre-Test) ...75
Appendix 6: Students’ Score (Post-Test) ...76
Appendix 7: Students’ Worksheet ...77
Appendix 8: Students’ Writing Samples ...78
Appendix 9: Surat Izin Observasi ...86
Appendix 10: Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Observasi ...87
Appendix 11: Students’ Attendance Lists ...88
Appendix 12: Surat Keterangan Bukti Bebas Plagiasi ...89
Appendix 13: Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi ...90
Appendix 14: Dokumentasi ...91
Appendix 15: Endorsement Letter ...95
xviii
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Axelrod Rise, Cooper Charles R. 1983. The St. Martin’s to Writing. New York: Martin’s Press.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2004. Language Assessment. San Francisco University: Longman.
Clouse, Barbara F. 2006. The Student Write. McGraw. Hill Companies. Harmer, Jeremy. 2007. How to Teach English. England: Longman.
Henry Rogers. 2005. Writing System: A Linguistic Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Homby, AS. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 6th Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kember, David. 2000. Action Learning and Action Research. London: Kogan Page Ltd.
Kemmis, Stephen, McTaggart, Robin Rhonda Nixon. 2014. The Action Research Planner_Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer: Verlag Singapore.
Langan, John. 2006. English Skill: Seventh Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Higher Education.
Locido, Spaulding and Voegtle. 2010. Method in Educational Research. San Francisco: A Wiley Imprint.
Nunan, D. 2004. Task-based Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. Orr W. David. 2002. The Nature of Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Richard, Jack C. Rodgers, Theodore S. 2002. Approaches and Methods in
Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schafersman, D. Steven. 1991. An Introduction to Critical Thinking.
Ur, Penny. 1996. A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. London: Cambridge University Press.
Weigle, Sara Cushing. 2002. Assessing Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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