140 DIPTERA OP NORTH AMERICA. [PART IV

outcliscal cell,

and

with the anterior branch ^{of the} fourth vein forked. Thissubdivision, according to

my

opinion, is not satis- factonf. I possess a

North American

species (and

European

species of the

same

kind

may

also occur)

which

has

no

discal cell,

but the posterior

branch

of the fourth vein of

which

is forked.

Such

a species

would

neither be a

Rhypholophus,

nor a

Dasyp-

tera.

We might

enlarge the character of

Dasyptera and admit

in it allthe species

without

a discal cell.

But

in the familyof Tipulidee

we have abundant

evidences of the fact, that the

mere

presence or absence of the discal cell, if

unsupported by

other characters,has but verylittle systematicvalue.

Moreover,

inthe

genus Erioptera

^itself,

we have

the proof, thata discal cell

may

be

formed bj

the forking of ^either the anterior or the posterior

branch

of the fourthvein

(compare

in that

genus

the

subgenera Acyphona and Mesocyphona).

^{Therefore, a} subdivision

based upon

the

mere

presenceorabsenceofa discal cell

would

not

be

a naturalone.

The comparison

of the structure of the forceps of the males, inconnection with thevenation

and

with the structure of the antennae,

would

alone enable us to arrange the species of the present

genus

innaturalgroups.

Not having

species

enough

for such adistribution, nor

having had an

opportunityto study the structure of the

male

forceps of

many

species, I

am

^unable

to point out theirnatural affinities.

As

to anactual subdivision in genera,I

do

notsee

any

necessityforitatpresent; inadopting the

two genera Ehypholophus and

Erioptera,

based upon

the natureof the

pubescence

of the wings,

we have done

enough, I think, for

any purpose

of systematicdistribution.

The

sti'uctural affinities

between

Rhyjiliolophus

and Erioptera

areverygreat. Besides the difference in thenatureofthe pubes- cence, I

am

not able to point out

any

character, peculiarto one of these

genera and

foreign to the other; this

may

be partly

owing

^{to our} as yetvery imperfect

knowledge

of these genera.

The

coloring of

Bhypholophus

is decidedly

more

dull than that of

Erioptera

: gray

and

grayish-brown are the prevailingcolors in it.

The

generic

name

of

Bhypholophus

has

been

first

proposed by

Kolenati for a single species, discovered

by

hira in Austria

(Wiener Entom.

Ilonatschr. 18C0, p. 393). It

was

retained for the

same

species

by

Dr. Schiner, in his

Fauna

Austriaca.

In

the present

work

the definition of the

genus

has

been

enlarged,

5 3 4

1 nubilus 0.S.

2innocens, ^{n sp.}

, Four°basaljoints of theantenna? pale. 3 nigripilus, ^{n. sp.}

RHYPIIOLOPHUS.

^{1^1}

SO as to

embrace

^{all the Eriopterse the \Ying3 of}

which

arc pubescent

on

the whole surface.

Tabicfordeterminingthe species.

fDiscal cell closed, or,if open,^it coalesceswith the second posterior

J cell.

"

I Discal cell open; it coalesces with the third posterior cell(Tab. I,

L fig.15).

„(Wings^{variegated with grayor}brown

\Wings ^{uniformlycolored.}

(Wingsclouded withgray.

XWingsspotted withbrowninall thecells

(Fourbasal joints of theantennse pale. ^^^^^^^t^..^.^, ^{... .^^-}

^

iAntennaealtogether blackish. 4holotrichus, 0.

S

iThoraxreddish,witha distinctblack linein themiddle.

.}

.5

^{rubellus, n. sp.}

IThoraxgray,withoutany^{distinctstripe.}

rKnobof

the halteres yellow; wings with a conspicuous stigmatical

I gp^^_ ⁶meigenii 0. S.

^

I Knobof the halteresinfuscated; stigmatical spot notconspicuous.

t 7 monticola, n ^sp.

Description ofthe species.

1.

R. ^nuljilUS

^{0. S.}

^%

^{and J}

.—

^{Cinerens, vitta thoracis distiucta,}

'fusc'a; alls griseo nebulosis, cellula discoidali clausa; venis longitudi- nalibussixtaetseptima versus apicemsubparallelis.

Gray, thorax with ^{a distinct} brown stripe; wing clouded with ^grayish; dis'cal cell closed; sixth and seventh longitudinal veins subpavallel towardsthetip. Long.corp. 0.23—0.27.

Syn. Erioptera nuhila 0. Sacken, Proc. Ac. Nat.^Sc. Phil. 1859,p. 227.

Brownish-gray

; a distinct,

narrow brown

^{stripe over the tho-} rax; thorax sparsely,

abdomen

densely clothed with rather long, soft, pale yellowish ^hairs;

antenna

brownish-black, ^{paler at} the basis of the flagellum, with shortverticils_; palpiblack; halteres pale, slightly infuscated at thebase of the knob, thetip of

which

is clothed witha short golden-yellow pubescence; feetbrownish, coxi^

and

basis of the femorapaler; kneespale; femora with

an

indistinct

brownish band

^{before thetip;}

wings

(Tab. I, fig.

U)

grayish-white, with graynebulosities; they form

two more

orless

marked bands

^{across the apical portion ofthe}

wings

_; a third

band

passes over the cross- veins; a cloud inthefirst basal ^cell

;

another in the ^axillary,

and some

nebulosities ⁱⁿ the spurious

142

DIPTERA

OF

NORTH AMERICA. [PART

lY.

cell ; stigma large, brown, square; all the veins dark

brown

;

discal cell present; the seventh longitudinal vein is sinuated in the middle; its latter portion is rather

approximated

to the sixth vein; the great cross- vein is usually before the

middle

of the discal cell.

Hah. Washington,

D. C. ;

Trenton

Falls, N.

Y. Occurs com- monly

inthe spring

and

in

autumn, and may

beseen in copulation atboth seasons.

JR.fascipennis Zett., evidently allied to B. nubilus,

and

origi- nally found in

Norway,

has been also received from

Greenland

(Stasger, Groenl.

AntUater

in Krojer's Tichkrift, etc. 1845, p.

355, 16) ^{; its} description from Zctterstedt, Dipt.

Scand, X,

p.

STtV, is

reproduced

inthe

Appendix

^I.

2.

R. iiinocens,

n. sp. % and J^.

—

Fuscano-cinereus,vittisthoracis indistinctis; alarum cellulis omnibus crebre fusco-maeulatis; cellula discoidaliclausa;venis lougitudinalibus sixtaetseptimadivergentibus.

Brownish-gray;stripes ofthethoraxindistinct; allthecells onthewings denselyspottedwithbrown;discalcellclosed;sixthandseventhlongi- tudinalveins divergent. Long. corp. 0.2.

—

^0.25.

Brownish-gray

; antenna?

and

palpi blackish; stripes of the thorax very indistinct;

abdomen

grayish-brown;

male

forceps reddish-brown, with strong, short, black

horny appendages

;

halteres

somewhat

infuscated; feet

brownish

; tip of the

femora

darker.

Wings

grayish, with dense

brown

dotsinall the cells_; several larger

brown

spots along the anterior

margin

; in the intervals of these spots, the costal

and

first longitudinal veins are pale yellow. Discalcell closed; the sixth

and

seventhlongi- tudinal veins are

throughout

strongly diverging,

and

thus the axillarycell is

much

broader atthe tipthan inthe middle.

Hah. Washington,

D.

C,

inApril;

New

Jersey,

In some specimens

the spots arelessdensein

some

ofthecells, especially inthe basalones.

3.

R.

nigripillis, n.sp. %, and 9-

—

Fuscano-cinereus;alisimmacu-

latis; cellula discoidaliclausa; venis lougitudinalibussixtsletseptima divergentibus; antennarum basi pallida.

Brownish-gray; wingsimmaculate; discalcellclosed; sixthandseventh longitudinal veins divergent; basis of the antenniepale. Long.corp.

0.2—0.22.

RiiYpncLornrs. i-iJ

Brownisb-graj

; palpi blackish^; antennte

brown,

four basal joints pale yellow^; flagellum of the

male

densely clothedwith a long, soft, pubescence^; only a few verticillate hairs reach

above

it

; joints elongated,

becoming

longer

towards

the tip; flagellum of the female with a

much

shorter pubescence,

and

hence, verti- cillatehairs

more

distinctlyvisible; thorax with a

brownish

tinge above

and

anindistinct intermediate

brownish

stripe;

two rows

of blackishhairs onthe posterior partof the

mesonotum

; coxae

grayish-brown

; feet

brown,

with an appressed pubescence,

which

appears golden-yellow ina reflected light; trochanters

and

basis of the

femora

paler^;

knob

of the halteres

yellow

; its basis

and

the

stem

with a pale grayish tinge;

abdomen

grayish-brown_;

horny appendages

of the

male

forceps sharp, black.

Wings

uni- formly gray, with a

somewhat more brownish

tinge inthe region of thestigma; seventhlongitudinal vein

approximated

tothesixth

on

its anterior half, stronglydiverging

beyond

the middle,

and

thus the axillary^cell

much

broader atthetipthan inthe

middle

;

discal cell elongated,

narrow

; the inner

end

ofthe third posterior cell is nearly opposite its middle; all the veins comparatively slender.

Hab. Washington,

D. C.

Two

^specimens.

4.

R. bolotriclilis

^0.S. 9-

—

^{Fuscanus;alis}immaculati.5;cellula discoidaliaperta,

cum

secunda posteriori confluens; venis sixtaetsep- timalongitudinalibusconvergentibus; antennisnigris.

Brownish; wings immaculate;discalcellopen, confluentwiththesecond posteriorcell^;sixthandseventhlongitudinal veinsconvergent;antennae black. Long. corp. 0.23.

Syn. Erioptera holotricka 0.Sackex,Proc. Ac.Nat.Sc.Phil. 1859,p. 226.

Palpi

and

antennje blackish ; thorax uniformlypale yellowish-

gray

above, with

some

pale hairs; stripes hardly

marked

atall

;

halteres yellowish; coxas

and

basis of the

femora

brownish- yellow; the

remainder

of the feet

brown

^;

abdomen

grayish- brown, withapale, erect pubescence.

Wings

of a uniform pale yellowish-brown color_; veins notdarkerthan the

ground

color

;

a darkershade in thestigmaticregion; discalcell open, confluent

with

the second posterior cell; thelatter portion of the seventh vein israther

approximated

to the sixth vein, in such a

manner

that the axillarycell is not broaderatthe tipthan inthe middle.