24 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BDLL. 118

STEWAliD]

CAVES OF GREAT SALT LAKE REGION 25

with bark remaining; length,

3%";

diameter, V^"^; one end sharpened; feather, probablyturkeybuzzard, lashed to otherend; feather length beyondtwig,3%".

Gaming

bones.

— A ^number

^{of flat pieces of} bone with

rounded

ends, generally cut

from

the long bones of large

mammals

(fig. 8,

Figure^8.

—

Objects of boue.

a^c), are, with

few

exceptions, about ^tlie size

and

shape of thebones used inthe

hand game by modern

tribesof the west. Figure _{8, f/,} a squarish bone,

may

also have been used in the

hand

game, though this style of bone is

more common

in California.

The

larger speci-

mens

(fig. 8, a,d), if not used inthe

hand

game,

may

have been used in

some

other o^ame.

26 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[bdi.l. ii«

Specimens from Cave ^No. i.—10396 (fig. 8, a) is

3%"

long,

%"

wide, Vs"

thick, but has one side broken. It is well polished and decorated with 4 trans- verse scratched lines. 10425 (fig. 8, ^/") is

1%"

long, Vw" ^wide, Viv," thick, rounded at one end andbroken at the other. It is highly polishedand ^{one end}

is decorated with 3 diagonal marks. 10430 ^(fig. S. c) is 2Vi" ^long,

%"

wide, Via" ^thick, more or less pointed at one end and ^broken at the other. It is highly polished^{; tlie} back side bears red paint^; the front is decorated with 3 transverse grooves wliich were probably across the center of the complete arti- fact. 10435 (fig. 8, c) is very irregular, 2iX;" long, approximately

%"

wide, Vs" ^thick, with one end rounded, the other broken. ^{It is} polished but undec- orated. 10371 (fig. 8, h) is 3" long,

%"

wide, Vic" ^thick, polisbed, roundedat each end l)ut undecorated^; one end is somewhat broken. 10590 (fig. 8, (?) is irregular.

3%"

long, averages

%"

wide,

%2"

thick, and is polished but undec- orated. 10410 is like 10-590 in general features. l»ut is AVa" ^long, which is

perhaps too great for a hand-game bone; it may be a cutting or scraping instrument. See also"Miscellaneous objectsof bonefrom CaveNo. ^1".

Specimen from Care No. 2.

—

11536-1 (fig. S. g) is cut from the long bone of some small mammal. It is 2" _long and roughly

%"

by Vi" hi diameter.

One end is cut square: theotlier was notched, then broken irregularly, a notch remaining Vs" from the end.

Dice.

—

11565 (fig. 15, a) is described under "Ornaments", for it is

wrapped

with sinew as if for suspension as a pendant. It is,

how-

ever, identical in other featnres with beaver-teeth dice used

by

the tribes of British

Cohunbia and Puget

Sound.^{^^}

Objects of

Bone,

Hoof,

Horn, and Shell

Bone

awls.

— ^Awls

^were

^made from

long bones of

mammals,

scapulae,

and

bird bones.

The

only generalization that can be

made

concerning

them

is that

more

often than not bone splinters were used or the joint at the end of the bone

was

cut off.

Specimens from Cave No. 1.

—

11576-4 (fig 9, n), rib of large mammal;

length, 67i"; one end has long, sliftrp point; other end broken. 10617 (fig.

^, h). madefrom .splinter oflong bone oflarge

mammal

^{;length, 5'/^"}; polished all over,including butt. 11576-5 (fig. 9, f), made from scapula of large mani- mal: length, 414"; smooth and polished all over. 11576-2 (fig. 9, m), splinter from long bone of mammal: length,

4%"

; polished all over, in- cluding squarish butt. 11576-1 (fig. 9. A-), from bone of large bird; length,

3%";

biitt end broken. 10434 (fig. 9, h), probably splinter from long bone of largemammal; burned and butt broken off.

Specimensfrom CareNo. 2.

—

10492 (fig. 9. e). splinter from leg boneof large

mammal; length,

5%";

polished all over. 103,54 (fig. 9, d), leg bone of large

mammal

(deer?): length. 5"; bone joint remains on Imtt end but has been partially ti-immed down, evidence of the cutting remaining; point is ground smooth, but evidence of cutting also remains near point. 103.51 (fig. 9. ;),

from gravel, stratum 2; splinter from

mammal

leg bono; length, 3"; butt broken; polished except for butt end. 10358 (fig. 9, /). splinter from mannnr.l leg bone; length,

2%"

; somewhat rough except for point. 10220 (fig. 9, g),

splinter from leg bone of mammal: length. 214": point rather blunt.

if'Ciilin, 1907, pp. l.'iu-lSS, 196-198.

steward]

CAVES OF GREAT SALT LAKE REGION ₂₇

Specimen from Cave Xo. 5.

—

11514 (fig. 9, I), made from leg bone of mam-

mal, withjointremainingat butt end; length, oTi"-

Flaking

tools.

— A number

of bone implements, shaped like awls but with blunt points, were presumably used for flaking flint.

Specimens from Cave No. 1.

—

11576-3 (fig. 0, c), splinter of leg bone of large mammal; length, 514": point blunt: polished all over. 10520 (fig. 8. Ic),

Figure 9.

—

^{Bone awls and points.}

splinter oflegbone oflarge mammal;length,

3%";

more or lesssquarish, 14"

square; point is blunt (too blunt for awl); butt is rounded; polished ^all over and burned. 10291, fragment worked from the leg bone of a large mammal;

marks on its blunt point suggest use as a flaking tool. 11579-1, a fragment of a large bone

5%"

long; irregularly cut and shows wear over all edges;

sharpened to a blunt point.

Miscellaneous

objects ofbone

from Cave

^{No. 1.}

—

^{10510 (fig. 8.h)}

is a hollow bone,

2"

long,

%"

diameter, having one end cut square

28 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

^Iboll.no

and

polished, the other end broken. This resembles bone beads

which

are

common

in the Southwest.

10579 (fig. 8, j) is a section of rib, probably

from

a bison,

3%"

long, having one end rounded, the other broken.

11536-2 is a fragment of a leg bone of a large

mammal, 3%"

long, IVs'' diameter, having one

end

broken

and

the other cut

and

encircled

by

agroove

14" from

the end.

10636,

worked from

a splinter of the leg bone of a large

mammal,

resembles the

hand-game

bones, but is

3%''

_long,

^g"

wide, i/ig"

thick. Its edges are

trimmed

but are irregular

and

unpolished.

10372 resembles the last, is

3%"

long,

%''

wide,

and %6"

thick.

10551 resembles thelastbut is

from

a rib fragment. Itis

4%"

long,

%"

wide,

and

has edges

which

are irregularly cut but

show

wear.

Striationsrun longitudinally

on

the

smooth

side.

9680 is a fragment of a large rib, 31/4" long, broken at each

end

but ^entirely covered with deep red paint.

11534 (fig. 15, d) is a fragment of bone

which

is

1%"

long

and

%"

square.

One

end is broken, the other cut square.

Three

edges

and

one end are cut with small notches as

shown

in the illustration

;

the fourth edge has only 2 notches in the middle. This

may

have been forthe

hand

game.

10473 is cut

from

the scapula of a large

mammal.

It is 6'' long,

%"

wide at the small end,

and 2"

wide at the large end.

The two

long edges are thin

and

highly polished; all edges

show

wear, per-

haps from

scraping.

The

small end is cut square

and

is covered with red paint.

11581 is a very irregular, broken fragment of the leg bone of a large

mammal.

It is

5"

_{long but is}

worked

only for ^1'' along the edge atone end. Itisstained all over withred paint.

Miscellaneous objects or

bone from Cave

No. ^2.

—

¹¹¹⁵⁴ (fig. 8, i) is a hollow section of the leg bone of a large

mammal, 2%"

long, cut squarely at one end

by

first cutting a groove, then breaking.

10214 (fig. 8, 6») is a deeply grooved fragment of the leg bone of a large mannnal. This groove

was

probably

made

in preparation for breaking.

Objects

cut

feoji scapulae

from

Cams. No. 1.

—

^{10572 (fig.} 8, n)

is a disc, roughly

2"

diameter, i/a'' thick, drilled with a _^/iq'' hole in the center. It is probably a necklace or neck ornament.

(Com-

pare with the pottery discs,fig. 15,i, j, k.)

10417 isasmall,irregular piece of scapula, X{q" to ^i/g" thick, hav- ingone polished edge,

and

covered

on

one side with red paint.

11578-16 is a fragment having several deep grooves

on

one side,

probably

made

preparatory to breaking.