632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

large; gill-rakerson first arch

7+12,

very short, the outer 5 or 6 on lower limb reduced to

mere

projections. Preopercle smooth, opercle with a broad, terminal flap.

Head

naked, fins without basal sheath ofscales, scales of breastnot greatlyreducedin size,thoseof nape very smalland elongate. Lateral line complete, bent abruptly

downward

below base of dorsalfin. Dorsal spines slender, short, thelongest 3|^

inhead; raysscarcelj' longerthan spines. Firstanal spinevery small, concealed, the succeedingspines small and weak, the third contained Q{ times in head; longest ray_3i; caudal rounded, 1^ ⁱⁿ head.

Upper

rays of pectoral longest, li in head, the others graduall}' shorter.

Ventrals rounded, short, not reaching

much

over halfway between their base and anal opening.

Color in spirits light, j^ellowish brown, darker on upper half of body; a dark band narrowly edged with white extending

Vmckward from

upper edge of base of pectoral,

becoming

narrow, broken, and

finallydisappearing near tip of pectoral; four lines of small

brown

Fig.⁶

—

Stethojulis terina.

spots, one on each scale, extending along sides of lower half of body, except the breast

and

belh^; an indistinct, narrow,darkline extending

from

eyeto edge ofopercle; dorsal indistinctlymottled, the otherfins plain. Males and females alike in color andother characteristics.

Described

from

a specimen about 105 millimeters long

from

Misaki.

Other specimens of both sexes

from

Misaki,

Wakanoura,

and

from

Kominato, in Boshu, diti'er but slightly

from

thespecimen described.

In life, the speciesisolivebrown,the

marks

onsidepearl}^whiteand blueblack,the spotsleadenblue; sn'outorange; baseofpectoral

marked by

dullorange; fins reddish pearl.

This beautiful speciesis

common

about thetide pools and the rocks

washed

b}^ the

Kuro

Shiwo.

The

species is very close to the SfetJio- jvlisli-alosoma of the East Indies, but our specimens

show

none of the red or blue shades indicated in Bleeker's plate, and ^{it is} notprobable thatthe}^ belong to the

same

species.

The

type isNo. 6851, Stanford Univ.

{repi'fv^ Ttpeiva^ exquisite.)

NO.1266.

LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 633

25.

STETHOJULIS TROSSULA

Jordan and Snyder,new species.

Head

_3i iu length; depth 3f^; depthof caudal peduncle 9; eye 5fin head; interorbital space 4; snout _2f; D.

IX,

11; A. Ill, 11; scales in lateral series 26; between lateral line

and

insertion of dorsal 3;

between lateral line

and

insertion of anal 9.

Body

elongate, caudal peduncle rather narrow, dorsal and ventral contours evenly curved, breast with a sharp ridge. Snout pointed, jaw^s equal, lower lip thin, pendulous, parted mesially into lateral lobes. Teeth in a single row, small, blunt, noanterior canines, a pair of strong posterior canines present.

Edge

of preopercle entire operele with abroad flap. Pseudobranchife large; gillrakers on first

arch 6

+

15,

most

of those on the lower limb reducedto

mere

knobs;

gill

membranes

well separated b}"a ratherbroad isthmus. Scales of breast like those of sides, not larger, those neargillopenings ^small;

scales on occiput and baseof pectoral minute; dorsal and-anal without basal sheaths; caudal with small scales on basal part; head naked.

Pig.7.— Stethojulis trossula.

Lateral line complete, abruptly bent

downward

below base of soft dorsal. Dorsal spines low, moderately strong, the longestliⁱⁿ head, longest ra}' 2f^. First anal spine ver}-small, concealed, the third -i^

in head; longest ra}' 3^. Caudal rounded. If in head. Ventrals reaching to within an eye's diameter of analopening. Pectorals 1^

inhead.

Membranes

of tinsthin andtransparent, not thickenedabout the spinesor ra3"s.

Color in alcohol, chocolate

brown

above,

much

lighter below, the dark color ceasing abruptly a little above middle of sides, a broad l)rownish black

band

on caudal peduncle,

which

widens and

becomes

indistinct anteriorih'; a dark patch bordered above and below with yellowish white, before base ofpectoi"al; a darkspoton upper part of axil; head darker than body, the dark area extending to the lower edge of preopercle; a white stripe

somewhat

narrower than pupil extending

from

tip ofsnout, below eve, toedgeofoperele; lowerpart of

body

with 1indistinct, dark longitudinalstripes. jNIiddleofcaudal brownish; otherfins plain.

634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.

^vol.xxiv.

Of

thisspecies

we

have but one specimen, which measures120milli- meters,

from

Misaki. It is recorded as type No. 6852, Zoological

Museum,

Stanford University.

It is near SfethojidispheA'adopleura Sleeker, ofthe East Indies, but

differs in coloration, as italso differs

from

S. terma.

(trossula, a belle, or elegant

young woman.)

14.

HEMIGYMNUS Gunthep.

HemigynmusGv-STHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, p. 386 {fasciatus).

Body

compressed, oblong, covered with rather large scales, 30 in lateral lines; lateral line continuous; opercles naked; cheek with a stripe ofvery small scales; preopercle entire. Lips thick and pend- ent; teeth uniserial; canines _f; a posterior canine tooth; tin rays, D.

IX,

11; A. II, 11. EastIndies.

(Vyuz, half; yv/iog, naked.)

26.

HEMIGYMNUS MELAPTERUS

(Bloch).

LabrusmelapierusBloch, Ichthyologia YIII,p. Ill,pi. cclxxxv; Japan.

Tautoga melapterusCuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 311;

Java.

—

Bleekee, Verb. Bat. Genootsch, XXII,p. 16.

—

Richardson, Ann.

Mag.Nat. Hist, 1843,XI, p. 358.

Hemigymnits mekmopterus GiJNTHER, Cat. Fish., IV,1862, jj. 139; Celebes, Java, Port Essington, Endeavor Reef, Australia.

—

Bleeker, AtlasIcbth., p. 142, pi. xlv, fig. 203; Java, Duizend Islands, Cocos, Sumatra, Batu, Nias, Singapore, Bintang, Celebes,Amboyna,Ceram,Coram.

—

Day, Fishes India, p. 396, pi. lxxxiv, fig. 2, 1885; Andamans.

—

Ishikawa, Prel. Cat. 1897, p. 29; RiukiuIslands.

D.

IX,

11; A. Ill, 11; scales in lateral line 29; intransverse series 6

+

^14.

A

^posteriorcanine tooth hidden b}^ the skin. Lips yQxythick, with folds; thelower lip is notched anteriorly, each lateral part pendent like a wattle.

Cheek

with a

band

of small scales.

Back

and sides between the vertical fins brownish,

abdomen

and thoracic region yel- lowish; a blackish blotch behindthe orbit; dorsal and analfins with a slight margin, and with a bluish intermarginal band edged with darker. (Giinther).

This species is included in thepresentlist becauseit

was

originally described

from Japan

and a specimen

from

Riukiu is

now

in the Imperial

Museum.

(/if/Vets', black; nrepov^ fin.)

27.

HEMIGYMNUS FASCIATUS

(Thunberg).

jI/mZZms/asctaiusThunberg,Reisenach Japan,IV,1791,p.351,pi.cccxiv; Cityof

"Meaco" ^(doubtless Miyakoshima, Temple Island, one of the Riukiu group).

LabrusfasciatusBloch,Ichthyol., VIII, p. 6, pi. ccxc,about1792; Japan.

TautogafasciataCuvierandValenciennes, Hist. Poiss.,XIII, 1837,p. 303, pi.

cccLxxix; HedeFrance.

NO.1266.

LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 635

Hemigymnusfasdatus Guxther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861,p. 386.

—

Bleeker, Atl. Ichth., 1862,p. 141,pi. xlvi, fig. 2; EastIndies, Mauritius, Ceylon.—

GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish.,IV, 1862, p. 138; Amboyna.—Day,Fish. India, 1885, p.396.

SpamsfuliginosusLacepede, Hist. Poiss., HI, 1802,p. 437; HedeFrance.

SparusmalapteronotitsLacepede, Hist. Poiss., Ill, 1802, p.450; HedeFrance.

SparuszonephorusLacepede, Hist. Poiss., IV, 1803,p. 155 (afterBloch).

Sparus meaco Lacepede, Hist. Poiss., IV, 1803,p. 161 (afterThunberg).

Scarus quinquefasdutusBennett, Fishes Ceylon, 1839, pi. xxiii; Ceylon.

fTautoga mertensi Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p. 308;

Carolines.

Cheilinusblodd Ccvier andValenciennes, Hist. Poiss.,XIV, 1837,p.108 (after LabrusfasdatusBloch).

fTautoga leucomosBleeker, Bliliton, IV,p. 239; Bliliton.

?HemigymnusleucomusGt^NTHER, Cat. Fish., IV., 1862,p. 139.

D.

IX,

11; A. Ill, 11; scales in lateral line30; in transverse series 5

+

^11.

^A

^{posterior canine tooth. Lips very thick, with folds; the}

lowerlips are notched anteriorlv, broad, pendent, like wattles; cheek witha

band

of small scales.

Body

with5brownish-black cross bands;

ventral

and

anal blackish; thelowerhalf of thesoft dorsal yellowish, the

upper

blackish.

A

brownish spot behind the eye. (Giinther.)

This species is here included because it

was

originally described

from

Japan, doubtless

from

the island of

Myiako

in the Riukiu.

This

must

be near its northern limit.

{fasdatus, banded.)

15.

GUNTHERIA

Bleeker.

GiintheriaBleeker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861,p.412 {trimaculatus) fHemitautogaBleeker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 413 {centiquadra).

This o-enus differs

from

HaJlchceres in the presence of small scales on the cheeks behindthe e3"es; base of dorsal with a

more

or less dis- tinct scaly sheath. Bleeker dividesthe genus into two: Gruntheria, with

two

caninesin the lower jaw,

and

Ilemitautoga, with four.

The two

differ otherwise but slight!}", and both are near Platyglossus

and

Halichceres.

(Named

for Dr. AlbertGiinther.)

28.

GUNTHERIA TRIMACULATA

(Quoy and Gaimard).

Julis tnmaculata Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage Astrolabe,Zool.,II,1834, p. 705, pi.XX, fig. 2; Vanicolo.

—

Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Poiss., XIII, 1837, p.452; Vanicolo.

Gimtheria trimaculata Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., p. 138, pi. xxxii, fig. 1; East Indies.

Platyglossus trimaculatus Gunther, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862,p. 153; EastIndies.

—

Ishikawa,Prel. Cat., 1897, p.29; RiukiuIslands.

JulisspilumsBleeker, Banda, I,p.252; Banda.

D.

IX,

11; A. 111,11; scales in lateral line 29; in transverse .series

10

+

^15.

^The

height of the

body

equals the length of the head, and

is rather

more

than one-fourth of thetotal. Caudal truncated; head

636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.

^vol.xxiv.

with abroad bluish

band from

the snout, below the eye, bent

down- ward

across the operculum and suboperculum; several otheroblong spots above this band; a crescent on the interoperculum and the

margin

of the suboperculum bluish; an obliquewhite streak

from

the axil to the bell3\

Each

scale with a bluish vertical streak; a dark

brown

spot near the rootof thecaudal, above the lateral line; some- timesone or

two

other

brown

spots on the side of the bod3^ Dorsal with three, anal with

two

longitudinal lines,

which

are whitish in spirits; a smallblack spot superiorilj^ in the axil. (Giinther.)

Thisspecies is represented in the Imperial

Museum by

a specimen

from

Riukiu.

{tres, three; macidatus, spotted.)

16.

HALICHCERES^

^Ruppell.

Halichceres Ruppell, Neue Wirbelthiere Fische, 1837, p. 16 {himaculatus, not HalichcerusNilsson, 1820, agenusof seals).

Ichthijcallus'' Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classe Fishes, II, 1839, p. 232 {dimidiatus).

ChoerojidisGihL, Proc. Ac. Nat.Sci.Phila., 1862,p.142(substitute for Halichceres, regardedaspreoccupied).

ParajuUs Bleeker,Enum.Poiss.deJapan,1879,p.5, {poecilopterus,nodefinition.

)

Iridio Jordan and Evermann, Check ListAm. Fishes, 1896,p. 412 {7'ad'iatus).

Body

oblong, compressed, not elevated, covered with large scales, there being 25 to 30 inthecourseofthelateral line,whichisnotinter- rupted, but bent abruptly behind; scales on breast a little smaller.

Head

scaleless, compressedconic; preopercleentire. Teethlarge,

two

to four strong canines in front of each jaw, a j)osterior canine tooth.

Tin

rays usuallv D.

IX,

11; A. Ill, 11; fins low; caudal lunate, trun- cateorrounded; ventrals inserted underaxil of pectoral. Gill-rakers shortandfeeble; gill

membranes

slight!}^joinedtothe

narrow

isthmus;

no

scaly sheath at base of dorsal.

Vertebra 10+15 =

25. Species numerous, of rather small size and

gay

coloration, the t^'pical species (with canines _f)all belonging to the EastIndies and Polynesia, those with _{canines f} {IchfJiycallu.'<) being allAmerican.

(^Ag, sea; jlfofpo?, pig).

I. Halichceres: canines_f.

a. Dorsal spinesrelativelyfirmandlow,the longest3 in head; depthSJ inlength;

anterior canines strong, dorsal rays IX, 14; anal rays IX,14; males with a brownishlateralband, alargebrownspotnearendof pectoral; head withlight bluemarkings; female witha blackishlateralbandand a similardarkstreak aboveitatbaseof dorsalextending forwardtosnout, besidesseveral lines of

darkspots pcecilopterus, 29.

^Platyglossus (Klein) Bleeker {manjlnatus),differsfromHaUclucresinthe presence ofascalysheathatbaseof dorsal.

^ThefirstspeciesnamedunderIchthycallus {dimidiata)belongstothegroupcalled Iridio. The nameIchthycalhts maybe restricted to that species and its affinities, replacingIridio, ifthissubgenus(composedofAmericanspecieswiththe canines_f) isdeemedworthvofrecognition.

NO.1266.

LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 637

aa. Dorsal spineshighandveryslender,the longestabout2|-inhead; depth about 4 inlength; anteriorcanines small; dorsal raysIX, 12; anal raysIII, 12; a blackaxillary spot.

h. Dorsalfin (inmale) blotched and edged withblack; sideswithapalelateral shade; caudaldark withpale edges; analdarkat base,withthree longitudinal

bands hleeleri, 30.

hb. Dorsal fin mottled, but without black spot or edging; no distinct color markings exceptthe black axillary spot tremebundus, 31.

29.

HALICHCERES PGECILOPTERUS

(Schlegel).