SASANOHA (BAMBOO LEAF); BERA

Labrus japonicusHouttuyn, Beschryvning EinigeJapanscheVisschen, 1782,p.

311etseq.;Nagasaki(female), descriptionincomplete.

Labrus rubiginosus Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 165,pi. lxxxvx,

fig. 1; Nagasaki, male; not Julis rubiginosus Richardson, 1843, also appar- entlya Pseudolabrus.

Proc. N.

M.

vol.

xxiv—

⁰¹ 10

626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.

^vol.xxiv.

Labrichthys rubiginosa Gunther, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 114; China, Japan.

—

Steindaciiner and Doderlein, Fische Japans., IV, 1887, p. 16; Tokyo, Nagasaki.

—

Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1893,p. 30; Tokyo.

LabruseothinusRichARBsoTsi, Ichthyol.China, 1846, p. 255; Canton, male.

Pseudolabrvs eothinus Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900,p. 359, Tokyo.

—

Jordanand Snyder,Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus.,1900, p. 756;Tsushima.

—

Jordan andSnyder, CheckList, 1901,p. 87, Yokohama.

Labrichthys affiiiis Doderlein, Ms.

—

Steindachner, Fische Japans., IV, 1887, p. 16; Tokyo, female.

Head

_3iin length; depth 2|; depth of caudal peduncle 6i; eye 5^

in head; interorbitalspace-1; snout _2|; D.

IX,

10; A. Ill, 10; scales in lateral series 23; betweenlateral line

and

insertion of dorsal 3, the upper scale very small; between lateral line and insertion of anal8;

scales on cheek in 5 rows.

Body

rather elongate, compressed; dorsal contour not elevated, evenl}' rounded.

Head

pointed, snout rather pointed, the jawsequal.

Teeth in a single series on sides of jaws, distinctthough closeset; in2 series anteriorly, the inner ones minute, the outer onesfang-like, curv- ing backward; 1 or 2 fangs in posterior part of upperjaw. Pseudo-

branchiffi not very large; gill-rakers on first arch

7+8,

short, pointed.

Posterioredgeofpreoperclesmooth, the

membrane

projecting be3'ond the edge. Scales notextending far outon dorsalandanalfins, aver}"

narrow sheath present; basal half of caudal withscales; interorbital space, snout, chin,anda

narrow

space along edgeof preopercle naked.

Lateralline complete, bendingabruptl}^

downward

below base of soft dorsal.

Edge

of

membrane

of spinous dorsal notched, the

membrane

butlittle thickenedaroundthe spines; longestspineIfⁱⁿ head,ray _2f.

Second analspine ttf in head, the longest ray 2^. Caudal truncateor slightlyrounded,its length If ⁱⁿ head. Ventrals andpectorals reach- ing anequal distance posteriorly, their tips as far before the ventas the insertion ofthe anal is behind it.

Color in spirits: Male, yellowish olive, 5 conspicuous,blackish,nar- row, longitudinalstripes on

upper

partof body, the first just below base of dorsal, the second, third, and fourth radiating

from

eye, the fifth joinedto the fourthjust abovepectoral; in verybrightly colored specimens the third and fourth stripes are continued on the snout;

between the stripes are small yellowish white spots, sharply defined

from

the first to the third stripes, indistinct or absentbetween the lowerones,the spots alternatingwith each other; adark spotat upper edge ofbaseofpectoral; snout

and

occiputdusky; dorsalwitha black blotch

somewhat

largerthan eye on the spinous part, sometimes fol-

lowed

by

a second, less distinct spot, the

membranes

with

dusky

spots and reticulations; analwith ² longitudinal

dusky

bands; caudaldusk}';

pectorals and ventrals plain.

Female

with

narrow

dark stripes on

upper

partof head, the loweston alevel witheye, a

number

of very indistinct orange-colored lateral stripes on body, 2

rows

of small j-el-

lowish white alternating spots below l)ase of dorsal, 2 short rows of

NO.1266.

LABROID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 627

similarspots alongsidesof belly, a smallspotat

upper

edge of base of pectoral; dorsalwith ² rows of sharply defined, very small black spots; otherfins plain.

Color of male in life: Bod}^ and head greenish blue, cheeks

and

throat withreddishorange reticulations, lines of

same

color through eye; top of head and nape brownish; scales of upper parts with yel- lowish centers, theposteriorones tinged with red, broadlyedged with greenish blue;

upper

part ofbodj^with4 or5 indefinite lateral stripes;

dorsal greenish with reticulations of bright 3'ellowish red; pectorals 3'ellowish red, brightest on upperpart of fin; analgreenish blue,with 3

wavy

longitudinallinesof brickred; caudal edged withlightorange.

Thisspecies is one of the

commonest

inthe baysof southern Japan, aboinidingin allrocky places in shallow water,

and

frequently taken on the

hook

inthe surf. Itvaries

much

ⁱⁿ color

from

brilliant redto dull olive.

The

male has black l)lotcheson the dorsal and about 5 streaks of dark olive on the body.

The

female has the dorsal with blackdots, notblotches,

and

the streaks on the

body

are

more

or less obsolete.

The

pale spots alongthe sidesof thebackarealmost always conspicuous in the male, but are often faintorabsentin the female.

Our

specimensare

from

Tokyo,Misaki,Enoshima,

Wakanoura,

Kobe, Hiroshima, Tsuruga, Hakota, Nagasaki,

Tsushima

and

Totomi Bay where

it

was

dredged in ratherdeep water.

20.

PSEUDOLABRUS GRACILIS

(Steindachner) JjabrichthysgracilisSteindachner, Fische Japans, IV, 1887,p. 17;Tokio.

PseudolabrusgracilisJordan andSnyder, CheckList, 1901, p. 87.

Head

4 in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 2^; eye 6 in head; interorbital space 41; snout 3; D.

IX,

11; A. Ill, 10; scales in lateralseries 23; betweenlateralline

and

insertionof dorsal1; between

lateral line

and

insertion ofanal 7; rows on cheek3.

Body

notably elongate; snout sharp; jaws equal; interorbital area low,convex; e3^e

somewhat

nearerto tipofsnoutthantoposterioredge of opercle. Teeth in a single series laterally, coalesced or closely apposedat base, the pointsdistinct; 1or2strong canines projectingfor-

ward

from, posterior part of

upper

jaw; an outer

row

represented

on

anteriorpart ofjaws

by

2caninesabove and 4 below. Posterioredge of preopercle not serrate, opercle with an elongate flap. Gill-rakers on firstarch

7+10,

^short, pointed. Scales not forming a sheath

on

bases of dorsal

and

anal;basal half ofcaudalwithscales;thoseonopercle large, imbricated. Laterallinecomplete, high onbod}",bent abruptly

downward

belowbase ofsoft dorsal. Dorsallow,the

membrane

scarcelj^

incised, not thickened around the spines, a short, soft filament pro- jectingbe^'ond each spine,longest spine 3 in head, ray _2yV-

Second

anal spine 5i ⁱⁿ head, longest ray 2|^. Caudal rounded, li in head, pectoralIf; ventral _1|, the outer ray of the latter filamentous.

628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

^vol.xxiv.

Color in spirits yellowish Avhite, diisk}^ above, the

dusky

color abruptly ceasing along the middle^of the third

row

of scales belowthe dorsalfin; a

dusky

band bordered by blackish extending

from

tipof snout through eye and on head; it can be indistinctly traced to the upperpart of caudal peduncle,

where

it endsin a small dark blotch.

Described

from

a specimen l-iO

mm.

long

from

Nagasaki.

Thiswell-markedspeciesis distinguished

by

itsslender

body

and ))y

the presence of but 3

rows

of scales

on

the cheek. It seems to be

rare.

We

havebut 2 specimens

from

Nagasaki and Misaki.

{(/racilis, slender.)

12.

ANAMPSES

^Cuvier.

Anmnpses Cuvier, Regne Anim., 2d ed, 1829. {tetrodoa; cuvleri, the characters taken fromthe^latterspecies; theformer perhapsaT'dapia).

AmphecesJordan and Snyder,newsubgenus{geographicus).

Body

oblong, rather deep, compressed, covered with moderate or largescales (25 to30inthelateralline,about50insubgenusAmpheces)', lateral line continuous; head scaleless; preopercle entire; teeth uni- serial;

two

anterior canines in each jaw prominent, turned forward, compressed, with cutting edges; noposterior canines; fin raysD.

IX,

12; A. Ill, 12. Species of rather large sizeand

showy

colors, of the East Indies and Polynesia.

The group

is naturally divisible into

two

groups distinguished

by

the size of the scales.

The

Japanese species constitutes the

new

subgenusor probably distinct genus

Ampheces^

distinguished

from

Anam/pses

by

thesmallscales.

(Ava}.iipr]z, prol)ably anold name, its

meaning

not explained.)

21.

ANAMPSES GEOGRAPHICUS

Cuvierand Valenciennes.

A}iamp>iesgeograpldoisQi\}y\'E.'R 2.n^}L Valenciennes,Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1510, XIV,

1839,p. 10, pi.cccLxxxix; Amboyna.

—

Bleeker,AtlasIchth., 1862,p.102, pi. XXV,fig. 3; Amboyna, Ceram.

—

Gunther, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 137;

Amboyna.

—

Ishikawa,Prel. Cat., 1897,p. 29; RiukiuIslands.

Dorsal ra3^s IX, 12; anal rays III, 12; scales inlateral line 50; in transverse series

8+22.

Dorsal spinesstiff.

Brownish

violet, each scalewith a bluevertical streak; head, thoracic region, and caudal lin Avith reticulated, blue, darkeredgedlines. Vertical finswitha yellow hue andblackmargin;

dorsalandanal with

numerous

small blue dots (Cxiinther).

This species is placed inthe present list becausea specimen

from

Riukiuis in the Imperial

Museum

of Tokyo. It is regarded

by

usas thet3"peof a distinctsubgenusAinpJuces^ distinguished

from

A?ia)npses

by

the smallscales (50 instead of30).

{(/6ogra_pMcits,

from

the map-likemarkings.)

^''AjucptjKrfi (doublebiting).

629

13.

STETHOJULIS Gunther.

Stdhojulis Gv^TnY-TR, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862,p. 140{strigirenter.)

Body

oblong, compressed, covered with large scales, 25 to 30 in lateral line, thoseof the thorax enlarged, largerthan those of therest of the body; headscaleless; lateral linenot interrupted;

mouth

small:

canines small, close-set, those of the upper jiiw very short, those of thelowerjaw forming a cutting edge; large posterior canines present;

tins low; dorsal raj^s IX, 11; anal rays III, 11, the spines short and pungent. Smallfishes of the coral reefsallied to Ilalichwres, butthe anterior canines

much

lessdevelopedand theposterior caninewanting.

Coloration always exquisite.

{ffriOos, breast; JuUs.)

a. Headandbodywithdistinctbrightredstripes (grayinspirits),onealong base ofdorsal,one through eyetomiddleofcaudal, onebelow eyetobaseofpec- toral, andone alongside of belly; a blue-black spoton opercle...psacas, 22.

aa. Headandbodywithoutdistinctredstripes.

h. Lower partof sideswithyellowish longitudinalstripesandsome 1)lackdots; a black spotatbaseoflastdorsalray strigirenter,23.

hi). Lowerpartof sides posteriorly, withleaden blue spotsand markings; adark bandabovepectoral anteriorlyedged withpearlywhite terina,24.

bbb. Lower part of sideswithout spotsorstripes; abrownishblacklateralband, w'iderand less distinct anteriorly; apalestripebeloweye; adarkaxillary

spot tromula, 25.

22.

STETHOJULIS PSACAS

Jordan and Snyder,newspecies.

Head

8| in length; depth 3^; depth of caudal peduncle 3; eye 5i

in head; interorbital space1; snout_2f; D. IX, 11; A. Ill, 10; scales inlateral series, 26; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal, _2;

between lateral line and insertion of anal, 9.

Bod}' rather elongate, greath' compressed, breast and back sharp, caudal peduncle narrow, dorsal and ventral outlines evenly rounded;

headlarge,snoitt ratherblunt, interorbital spaceconvex.

Eye

nearer to tip of snout than to posterior edgeof opercle, a distance equalto diameter ofpupil.

Jaws

equal, lips thin, small, pendulous. Teeth in a single

row

ineach jaw; blunt, incisor-like,

two

small canines at tip of each jaw, a posterior canine on each side of upper jaw.

Pre

opercle smooth, operclewitha

narrow

angularflap. PseudobranchJiB large; gill-rakers on first arch

9+15,

short and pointed near middle of arch,

growing stumpy

toward the ends, the outer ones reduced to

mere

knobs. Scales large, those on breast belowpectoraland before ventrals greatly enlarged, tho.se on occiput and on base of pectoral verysmall; a narrow sheath ofone

row

of small scales along Ijase of dor.sal; anal without sheath, small scales on base of caudal, the last scale of lateral line very large, pointed; head naked. Lateral line continuous, abrupth' bent

downward

below base of soft dorsal, a