Spikelets perfect, 2 to several-flowered; glumes about equaling the spike- let; lemmas bidentate, cuspidate between the teeth, bearing copious long silky hairs on the back; rachilla naked.
1. Arundo donaz L. Sp. PI. 81. 1763. Giant bred.
Tall reeds, with strong, sparingly branching culms, elongate scabrous- margined flat blades, and densely flowered, slightly drooping panicles 30 to 60 cm. long, the spikelets about 1 cm. long.
11 Wallace, Notes of a Botanist 2 : 237, 1908.
346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
River banks and moist ground, warmer parts of the Old World, Culti- vated in America for ornament and occurring from Texas to California and southward to Argentina as an escape. Originally described from southwestern Europe.
Ecuador: Panig6n Plantation, Hitchcock 20577. Mount Piehincha, Jameson_
Rlobamba, Holway 867. Ambato, Roue 22385.
Bolivia: Gran Chaco, Fries 1622. Coroieo, Hitchcock 22724.
The stems are used for many purposes, such as laths and interlacing for the framework of huts. Called " carrizo."
18. PHRAGMITES Trin,
Spikelets 2 to several-flowered, the lowest floret staminate or neuter, its lemma elongate; glumes shorter than the florets; lemmas acuminate; rachilla
densely clothed with long silky hairs.
1. Phragmites communis Trin, Fund. Agroet. 134. 1820. Rehb.
Arundo phragmites L. Sp. PI. 81. 1753.
Phragmites phragmites Knrst. Deutsch. Fl. 378. 1883.
A stout erect reed usually 2 to 4 meters tall, stoloniferous and rhizomatous, gregarious, sometimes covering large areas; blades flat, 30 to 40 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide; panicle plumelike, 20 to 40 cm. long.
Swamps throughout the temperate regions of the world, extending into the Tropics. Originally described from Europe.
Ecuador : El Recreo, Eggers 15813. Guayaquil, Hitchcock 21099%.
Pebu: Obrajillo, Wilkes Expl. Exped, (Kew Herb.). Piura, Spruce 0434 (Kew Herb.).
Bolivia: CnmataquI, Ficirig 2954 (Kew. Herb,).
19. CORTADERIA Stapf. Pampabghass
Mostly large tussock grasses, the leaves generally crowded at the base, the blades long and narrow, tapering to a slender point, usually very rough on the margins; spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating near the base of the intern odes, the lower shorter part glabrous, the upper longer part bearded, forming a stipe to the floret; rachilla and florets clothed with long hairs; glumes longer than the first floret (excluding awn), sometimes longer than all the florets; lemma tapering into a slender point or awn, or awned from between the slender teeth of a bifid apex; inflorescence a panicle, sometimes large and plumelike.—In all the species except C. sericantha the old sheaths become flattened and coiled at the base of the plant. The genu»
has been described as dioecious, but some of the species have perfect florets, though the anthers are small and the flowers appear to be cleistogamous,
Spikelets unisexual; plants dioecious; lemmas tapering to a soft slender scarcely awned point. A large reed with silvery or purplish panicles 30 to 60 cm.
long 1. C. rudhiscula.
Spikelets perfect; lemmas awned.
Apex of lemma bifid, the teeth ending in capillary awns 2. C. blflda.
Apex of lemma entire or with 1 or 2 short teeth at base of awn.
Blades not villous; old sheaths becoming fiat and spiral at base of culiu;
plants mostly 1 to 2 meters tall 3. C. nitida.
Blades densely villous at base; old sheaths not coiled; plants mostly 20 to 40 cm, tall 4, C. sericantha.
1. Cortaderia rudiuscula Stapf, Gard. Chron. III. 22: 396. 1897,
A large reed with a great basal mass of long narrow blades as much as 1.5 long and mostly less than 1 cm. wide, firm and tough, very scabrous on
HITCHCOCK—GBASSES OF CENTRAL ANDES 347
the margins and under side of midrib, the flowering culm stout, 1 to 2 meters tall, the yellowish or purple-tinged panicle 30 to 60 cm, long, dense, but the branches drooping.
Slopes and gullies and along streams, Ecuador to Argentina and Chile, in the mountains. Originally described from Argentina.
Ecuador : Alansi, Hitchcock 20700. Mount Pichincha, Harteman 19, Anti- sanilla, Anthony & Tate 328. Without locality, Spruce 6461 (Kew Herb.).
Ambato, Rose 22381. Nab6n, Rose 22907.
Pebu: Goyllarisquisca, Hitchcock 22306, 22336. Rio MarafWn below Chava- nillo, Macbride d Feather stone 2307. Ollantaytambo, Cook & Gilbert 1910;
Hitchcock 22521. Cuzco, Hitchcock 22475. Matucana, Macbride 2936.
Bolivia: La Paz, Shepard 167; Buchtien 850; Bang 26. Palca. Hitchcock 22573. San Felipe, Hitchcock 22607. Chulumani, Hitchcock 22701. Cocha- bamba, Hitchcock 22828, 22852. Oploca, Hitchcock 22890, 22895, 22896. Tarija, Fiebrig 2656, 3043 (both Kew Herb.).
This includes C. quila (Nees & Mey.) Stapf, as described by Stapf In the article cited above. The specific name, however, goes back to Arundo quila Mol.fu a species of bamboo. Chusquea quila Snath," also, is based on Arundo
quila Mol.
Cortaderia rudiuscula differs from C. selloana (Schult.) Aschers. & Graebn.
(C. argentea Stapf) of Argentina and Chile in the looser, yellowish or purplish panicle, the panicle of the latter being dense, woolly, and silvery white. The rachilla of C. selloana is more slender, so that the spikelets appear more open and the florets more distant. Cortaderia selloana appears not to occur within our range.
2. Cortaderia bifida Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 37: 374. 1906.
Cortaderia aristata Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 37 : 375. 1906. (Weberbauer 3349.)
Cortaderia bifida var. grandiflora Henr. Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 40; 67.1921.
(Herzog 2194.)
Culms mostly 1 to 1.5 meters tall, with tawny or purplish, rather loose panicles mostly 10 to 20 cm. long.
Rocky or partially wooded slopes, Ecuador to Bolivia. Originally described from Peru. (Type, Weberbauer 1328.)
Ecuador: Tabl6n de Ofia, Rose 23102.
Peru : Mito, Macbride <€ Featherstone 1822. Prov. Huamalies, Dept. Hu&nuco, Weberbauer 3349. Sandfa, Weberbauer 1328.
Bolivia : Unduavi, Buchtien 2576; Rushy in 1886. Pongo, Hitchcock 22780;
White 190. Mapiri, Rusby in 1886. Tablas, Herzog 2194.
3. Cortaderia nitida (H. B. K.) Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 37: 375. 1906.
Arundo nitida H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. Is 149. 1816.
Danthonia hapalotricha Pilger, Bot Jahrb. Engler 25: 715. 1898.
Gynerium nitidum Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 87: 31. 1899.
Gynerium columbianum Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 27: 31. 1899.
Cortaderia sodiroana Hack. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 52 : 238. 1902. (Ecuador, Sodit'o.)
Cortaderia columbiana Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 37 : 374. 1906.
Differing from C. bifida in the entire or slightly toothed lemma.
Paramos and mountain slopes, Venezuela to Peru. Originally described from Colombia.
* Ess. Hist. Nat. Chili 270. 1789. " R6v. Gram, 1: 138. 1829
348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Ecuador : " In regions sllvatica subandina," Sod/tro in 1872. Between Malchinguf and Pomasqui, Hitchcock 20856, 20862. Mount Pichincha, Sodiro in 1875; Mille 322. Between Ofia and Cuenca, Hitchcock 21619. Between La Toma and Loja, Hitchcock 21439. Between San Lucas and Ofia, Hitchcock 21506. Between Cuenca and Hulgra, Hitchcock 21690.
Peru: Between Culnai and Obrajillo, Wilkes Expl, Exped. Paucartambo, Weberbauer 6924 (Field Mus.).
Cortaderia nitida and G. Ufida may be different forms of the same species.
In habit and general aspect they are very much alike. While the writer was collecting in the Andes he distinguished only two species (aside from the little C. sericantha), basing the separation on the aspect of the plants.
These two were the large species ((?. rudiuscula) with large silvery panicles a half meter long, and the smaller species (C. nitida) with much smaller, tawny or purplish, not silvery panicles.
4. Cortaderia sericantha (Steud.) Hitclic.
Danthonia sericantha Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 246. 1854.
An erect perennial growing in tussocks, with culms 15 to 30 cm. tall, firm involute blades flat at base, the lower part and the summit of the sheath densely felty-villous, the panicles ovoid or oblong, dense and spikelike, 3 to 6 cm. long, more or lefts included in the upper sheath, scarcely rising above the stiff blades.
Paramos, Colombia to Peru. Originally described from Mount Antisana, Ecuador, the type collected by Jameson,
Ecuador: Mount Chimborazo, Hitchcock 21983. Mount Picbincha, Mille 288. Mount Cotopaxi, near snow line, Btiibet 292. Without locality, Sodiro (Cotopaxi, in Kew Herb.). "Eastern Cordillera, alt. 13,000 feet," Jameson 93 (Kew Herb.).
Pxbu: Mlto, Macbride A Featheratone 1890.
This species is allied to the other species of Cortaderia in the structure of the spikelet, but does not have the ensiform, strongly serrate blades of those species. It is also much smaller in all its parts except the spikelets. The glumes are longer than all the florets, as in Danthonia, but otherwise the struc- ture is that of Cortaderia. The rachilla disarticulates above the base of each joint, leaving a villous point below each floret and a glabrous prolongation above. The lemmas are long-villous, bifid at the apex, the teeth short, the mid vein extending into a straight, flattish, somewhat contorted awn, as in C.
nitida.
20. GYNERIUM Humb. & Bonpl,
Plants dioecious; spikelets several-flowered; pistillate spikelets with long- attenuate glumes and smaller long-silky lemmas; staminate spikelets with shorter glumes and glabrous lemmas.
1. Gynerium saglttatum (Aubl.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 138. pi. &*. f. 6. 1812.
UVA GRABS.
Saccharum sagittatum Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 50. 1775.
Gynerium saccharoides Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin, 2: 112. pi, 115. 1809.
Stout reeds, often 10 meters tall, the culms clothed below with old sheaths, the blades having fallen, the sharply serrulate blades commonly 2 meters long and 4 to 6 cm. wide (forming a great fan-shaped summit to the sterile culms), and pale, plumy, densely flowered panicles 1 meter long or more, the main axis erect, the branches drooping.
River banks and low ground, forming dense colonies, West Indies and south- ern Mexico to Paraguay, at low altitudes. Originally described from French Guiana.
HITCHCOCK—GRASSES OF CENTRAL ANDES 349
Ecuadob : Teresita, Hitchcock 20617. Panigdn Plantation, Hitchcock 20656.
Bucay, Rose 22485. Ventura, Rose 23510.
Peru: Colonia PerenG, Hitchcock 22123. La Merced, Macbride 5251. Callao, Wilkes Ex pi. Exped.
Bolivia: Coripeta, Hitchcock 22683. Maplri, Buchtien 1177. Covendo, White 901, 984. Huachi, White 297.