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techniques in teaching so that the obstacles that they experience in learning can be overcome.
2. Participants' educational background
Educational background is also one of the things that becomes an obstacle in the process of implementing the training program. The different backgrounds of high school participants from Senior High School, Vocational High School, and other equivalents cause the training process to do not run the same. Participants with a background of students from vocational schools are usually more prepared to accept learning because they have previously attended schools with a skill base.
The educational background here also contributes to the character of the students. What makes the difference is that students who graduate from vocational schools do have a background that has been mentally and educationally prepared to enter the world of work, while other schools do not apply that when they take senior high school.
3. Skills in training participants with disabilities
UPT Job Training Center Pasuruan is required to accept participants with special needs or people with disabilities. In the process, this is a bit of a hindrance because the instructors are required to have the skills how a person with a disability can also participate in training by doing and following the lessons given to take the competency test from LSP (Professional Certification Institute) BNSP (National Agency for Professional Certification). So that a skill is needed for employees/instructors so that trainees with disabilities or special needs can also participate in training as other participants do.
4. Changes in budget or training packages.
In competency-based training programs there are always changes that occur in the budget that has fallen. This budget change occurred in accordance with the existing conditions.
Like the current Covid-19 pandemic, there is a possibility of changing the budget or training package so that the government takes a policy to divert the budget of these funds. With the intention of the training packages that have been prepared and should be used for training are removed and diverted for more urgent purposes
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4. This training has an impact and benefit for the community and also the government as the one in charge of Manpower. This means that this training is effectively implemented as an effort to overcome problems regarding employment and can fill the available job market, especially in the East Java area.
5. The training carried out provides benefits to the community who initially do not have the knowledge and skills then become experts in the fields of interest.
6. The coordination carried out by the UPT Job Training Center Pasuruan with partners in the cooperation process is appropriate and has been going well.
7. The training carried out received a good assessment from the participants’ opinion, both from the learning and the existing staff/instructors.
8. In carrying out the competency-based training program, there are technical challenges faced, namely regarding changes to the budget or training package.
However, this can be overcome without overriding the ongoing priority program.
From what has been described, the competency-based training program at the UPT Job Training Center Pasuruan has been running well and effectively. On the other hand, the implementation of competency-based training programs at the UPT Job Training Center Pasuruan is also inseparable from the supporting and inhibiting factors.
1. Factors supporting the effectiveness of implementing competency-based training programs are:
a. Cultural values.
b. Resources consisting of human resources, financial resources, facilities and infrastructure.
2. The inhibiting factors for the effectiveness of implementing competency-based training programs are:
a. Different types of participants in receiving training materials.
b. Educational background of the trainees.
c. Skills that must be possessed in providing teaching to participants with disabilities so that they can participate in the training process up to certification.
d. Changes in budget or training packages.
Suggestion
1. Dealing with different types of participants in the learning process, instructors can provide separate assistance for students who have below average abilities.
2. Cultural values at the UPT Job Training Center Pasuruan can be said to be effective in supporting the process of implementing competency-based training programs.
3. Facilities and infrastructure in POA vocational or Practical Office Advance to be more adequate.
4. One way that can be used to teach children with special needs is to provide support and motivation to them. Specific ways can be taken to make the learning process easier, but this also depends on the type of disability experienced by the trainees themselves:
a. Use visual guides in the form of photos or images. This can make it easier to remember or understand the material being taught. You can also use audio media
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(sound, explanations in the form of stories and so on) to adjust the student's condition.
b. Help them to have good social interaction with fellow trainees. This can ease communication and allow a person with special needs to build a good self-esteem within himself.
c. Using efficient teaching strategies by providing clear and simple instructions.
d. Provide other additional instruments in teaching.
5. Changes or cuts in the budget may occur at any time, but priority programs still have to be implemented as an effort to provide education
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are conveyed to
1. Rektor of the University of Yudharta Pasuruan
2. Universitas Brawijaya AICOBPA publication committee who has given the opportunity to present articles at the 2021 AICOBPA conference.
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Simatupang, M. F. A. (2017). Analisis Efektivitas UPTD Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) Disnaker Kota Semarang dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Masyarakat Kota Semarang.
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Soetrisno, A. P., & Gilang, A. (2018). Pengaruh Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi di PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk Witel Bandung). Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Manajemen.
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ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER
PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY OF THE VILLAGE FUND DIRECT ASSISTANCE IN RESPONS TO
COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TUBAN REGENCY
Denny Iswanto1, Durratun Nashihah2, Ria Fitriani3
1,2,3 Department of Public Administration, University of Brawijaya Mt. Haryono Street 163, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
*) Corresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The socio-economic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic that are still felt by the community include the large number of poverty rates, the unstable condition of community welfare and the difficulty of finding work, making the welfare of the middle and lower classes experience instability directly and indirectly. Various programs have been issued by the government to provide social protection through social assistance, both conditional cash transfers and unconditional cash transfers, one of which is the Village Fund Direct Assistance/ Bantuan Langsung Tunai Dana Desa (BLT DD). The purpose of this study was to determine the level of effectiveness of the implementation of BLT DD in Tuban district so that it could be a recommendation for poverty alleviation policies in the future
This study used descriptive qualitative research method with data analysis techniques according to Cresswell. The results showed that BLT DD captured 33,238 families with a total budget of Rp. 61,029,643,700. The implementation of the BLT DD is still constrained by the people with social welfare problems/ Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PMKS) data which has not been updated so that it is still found that the target recipients of this assistance are not accurate. With these findings, it can be said that from the budget side, it exceeds the quota capacity given by the Community Empowerment Service and the Village Government of East Java Province so that it experiences over budgeting, besides that it is necessary to improve the data collection system for people with social welfare problems so that data collection is carried out regularly amid the dynamic conditions of community welfare.
In further, the studies on the BLT DD in regency have not yet been carried out, even though Tuban district is one of the areas with a high poverty rate in East Java.
Key Words: Effectiveness, Unconditional Cash Transfer, and BLT DD.
84 1. INTRODUCTION
The Covid-19 pandemic has had such a large multidimensional impact. United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UN DESA) stated that this problem has the most impact on economic aspects in developing countries due to a severe economic crisis through trade, finance and commodity prices (UN DESA, 2020). The United Nation (2020) stated that it will take 10 years for countries around the world to recover socially and economically due to the impact of this pandemic. This pandemic has also greatly disrupted people's social lives with increasing social problems including increasing unemployment, increasing poverty rates and increasing crime cases, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia.
Various policies taken by the government regarding the implementation of health protocols in Indonesia to reduce the spread of Covid-19 have resulted in several sectors, including the public services. finance, tourism, manufacturing, transportation, and other sectors to reduce or temporarily stop their activities for an undetermined time. (UN DESA, 2020). Of course, this has a huge impact on a macro economic and micro economic scale.
The main step that has been taken by the government is the issuance of Law Number 2 of 2020 concerning the stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu) Number 1 of 2020 concerning State Financial Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling the COVID-19 Pandemic. The regulation broadly discusses the refocusing/relocation of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget/ Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) by combing through budgets that are considered not too urgent to be allocated for handling and mitigating the impact of Covid-19 into three main areas, namely health, economy and the business world. and social protection through a number of social assistance.
According to the Ministry of Social Affairs (2011: 15) social assistance is temporary assistance provided to the poor, with the intention that they can improve their lives in a reasonable manner. In its implementation, social assistance programs often experience obstacles in the field. These obstacles the researchers concluded from the results of previous studies, namely; (1) Overlapping of the COVID-19 social assistance policies issued by the government between ministries, resulting in confusion in implementation (Mufida: 2020); (2) The distribution of social assistance is less than optimal due to the unpreparedness of the central and local governments to be able to prepare a decision support system to determine the beneficiary families of social assistance (Hirawan: 2020);
(3) Availability of data for the poor who receive social assistance, where the data must be updated and verified every year, so that if a disaster occurs or does not occur, the Government is ready with the data as part of disaster mitigation efforts in the social sector in accordance with the criteria for providing social assistance in accordance with the regulated provisions in Law number 13 of 2011 on Handling the Poor (Rahmansyah, 2020).
Pickens et al (2009) divide social transfers carried out in many countries in the world include: (1) Conditional cash transfers (CCT), namely payments given to low-income communities on the condition that beneficiaries must invest in health and education, such as sending children to school. and give immunizations or vaccines to children; (2) Unconditional cash transfers, namely payments made to targeted beneficiaries without
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special conditions; (3) Workfare transfers, namely payments for job creation programs aimed at reducing unemployment and helping the community to have a more stable income.
The BLT DD is one form of social assistance to the community that is Unconditional Cash Transfer. BLT DD is assistance for the poor and vulnerable, which is sourced from the Village Fund. This assistance will be distributed to the community with the terms and conditions that have been set. The provisions and mechanism for data collection until the implementation of the granting of BLT DD are listed in the Regulation of the Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration Number 7 of 2020 concerning Priority for the Use of Village Funds in 2020 and article 8A regulates several conditions for beneficiaries, such as families who lose their jobs or lose most of their income, are not registered to receive various social assistances, and have family members who are vulnerable to disasters. In addition to this policy, the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 50 of 2020 concerning the Second Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 205/PMK.07/2019 concerning Village Fund Management Article 32A paragraph (3) states that the criteria for receiving assistance are (1) Poor families or not capable who are domiciled in the Village concerned; (2) Excluding recipients of the Family Hope Program/ Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), Basic Food Cards, and Pre- Employment Cards/ Kartu Prakerja.
The policy was taken as a step by the government in minimizing the impact, both health, socially and economically. In this study, researchers looked at the policy of the implementation process. According to Nugroho (2014) stated that policy planning holds an important portion in the achievement of a policy, which holds 60% of the success of a policy taken. The other 40% is in the implementation process. A well-conceived plan will not work without consistency in its implementation. In addition, from the planning concepts the average consistency of implementation is only 10-20%, from here we see that there is a crucial role in the policy implementation process. One of the areas with the highest poverty rate in East Java province is Tuban Regency. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, Tuban Regency is one of the 5 poorest areas in East Java after Sampang Regency, Bangkalan Regency, Sumenep Regency and Probolinggo Regency.
Figure 1. Poorest areas in East Java Province Source: BPS East Java Province, 2020
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In addition, the poverty rate in Tuban Regency in 2020 is 15.91% and the trend of increasing the poverty line in the last 10 years has resulted in serious problems to be handled.
The data above shows that the number of poor people in Tuban Regency has been increasing trend over the last 5 years. This is predicted to increase due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which greatly affects all aspects of people's lives, especially people's welfare.
In addition, the existence of this social assistance has also resulted in the vulnerability of maladministration practices in the form of corruption by various parties.
Based on previous research conducted by Ashilly et al (2020) entitled Governance of Data Collection and Distribution of BLT DD through Pasardesa.id as an Effort to Prevent Corruption, innovative BLT DD management innovation with the cashless method is needed to minimize maladministration practices.
Based on the results, researchers found several problems that occurred including data problems. Based on the results of an interview with Mr. Santoso, SH as the Head of the Social Protection and Security Section, the Tuban District Social Service stated that the data in the social service which was used as the initial basis for determining beneficiary family (KPM) candidates was not the latest data because many village governments did not update the data. periodically as instructed. This happens due to the lack of capacity of village government officials to be able to manage the social welfare system at the village level so that the existing data is not updated, so that later it will affect the effectiveness of the implementation of BLT DD in Tuban Regency.
Based on the research results, the implementation of BLT DD in Tuban Regency has been carried out in 311 villages, 33,238 KPM and includes a budget of Rp.
52,689,013,200
Table 1. Beneficiary Families of BLT DD social assistance in Tuban Regency
Figure 2. The increase in the poverty line in Tuban district in the last five years Source: BPS Tuban Regency, 2020
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No Type Projection Date Real Data Difference
1 Number of
KPM
29.272 Family 33.238 Family 3.966 Family
2 Budget Rp.52.689.013.2
00
Rp.61.029.643.700 Rp.8.340.630.500 Source : Community Empowerment Service and Village Government of Tuban Regency
From these data, it can be seen that the previously projected data by the Community and Village Empowerment Office/ Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa (DPMD) of East Java Province for Tuban district exceeded the predetermined limit. Based on the data above, the difference between projected data and real data is 3,966 KPM with a budget difference of Rp. 8,340,630,500. The data raises new problems, where the number of KPM exceeds the limit set by the East Java Provincial DPMD. In addition to data problems, this is also considered to be burdensome for village finances in various villages in Tuban Regency.
From these problems, it can be seen that the existence of this pandemic has resulted in socio-economic problems in the community, especially the rural poor. The social assistance that has been provided has experienced various technical problems in its implementation. For this reason, government support is needed in empowering and ensuring the life needs of the poor through a number of social assistance in the midst of declining public purchasing power due to the weakening of the national economy and so that people can live a decent life. For this reason, the author wants to know, analyze and describe the problem of social assistance, especially the Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance as social protection for the poor affected by COVID-19 in Tuban Regency.
2. METHOD
This research is a descriptive research conducted through a qualitative approach.
According to Cresswell (2008:48) qualitative research is a type of research in which researchers rely heavily on information from participants/informants, wide space, questions, and power gathering and mostly consist of sentences that are carried out subjectively. This type of research was chosen because in examining the effectiveness of the BLT DD policy, it is necessary to use primary and secondary data to be able to narrate the results of the study.
Data collection techniques in this study are conducted through observations by conducting observations directly by seeing circumstances in the field to obtain data. Then the interview technique is carried out using interview guidelines which are only according to the outline that will be asked to several respondents who are met when conducting research in the field. Meanwhile, document study/library study by viewing and studying documents, regulations, reports related to research and literature study, namely taking data in the form of references obtained from books and laws and regulations to be collected as a theoretical basis.
While data analysis in this study uses data analysis techniques from Creswell (2013), which invites qualitative authors to view qualitative data analysis as a process of applying steps from specific to general with various different levels of analysis including (1)