Molecularly Imprinted Materials
5.6 Conclusions and Future Trends
Molecularly Imprinted Materials 173
intensities of multiplexed imaging unveiled the similarities and differences of different cell lines, allowing for the recognition of not only cancer cells from normal cells but also cancer cells of different cell lines. Muhammad et al. reported a new type of molecularly imprinted plasmonic substrate for a rapid and ultrasensitive plasmonic immunosand- wich assay of trace glycoproteins in complex real samples [70]. The substrates were fabricated from glass slides, first coated with a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of gold NPs and then molecularly imprinted with organo‐siloxane polymer in the presence of template glycoproteins. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and α‐fetoprotein (AFP), glycopro- teins that are routinely used as disease markers in clinical diagnosis, were used as representative targets. The LOD was 3.1 × 10−12 M for ALP and 1.5 × 10−14 M for AFP, which is the best among the PISA approaches reported.
As shown above, a variety of MIPs have been developed for the selective adsorption and detection of proteins/glycoproteins. The selectivity of these materials has been close to that of the real antibodies and we expect these intelligent materials will be uti- lized practically for living cell detections and clinical diagnosis.
polymerization techniques, including reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization (RAFT), will be usually required for smart MIP materials.
Additionally, numerous hybrid materials with inorganic porous substrate and NPs have been introduced to obtain further functionalities. In coming decades, the functions required of MIPs will be not only accurate molecular recognitions but also stimulus responses to temperature, pH, light, mechanical, electric/magnetic fields, and concentration of solutes. To meet such requirements, hybridization with other functional materials is indispensable.
After realizing these critical challenges, the new materials based on MIP will achieve molecular recognition almost identical to that of natural antibodies and enzymes, and we can create more and more smart materials. We believe that MIP technologies will be more applicable in the future, and that MIPs will provide similar performances to those of biomolecule‐based adsorbents by simple preparation and lower cost. Finally, it is strongly expected that MIP‐based adsorbents will be used practically for the pretreat- ment, purification, and detection of real samples. In addition, we can foresee MIP based materials will be utilized for drug delivery system, cell culture, and bioreactor, etc., aside from simple analytical tools, in the near future.
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Handbook of Smart Materials in Analytical Chemistry, First Edition. Edited by Miguel de la Guardia and Francesc A. Esteve-Turrillas.
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.