CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
F. Data Analysis Technique
Instrument calibration use to know the validity and reliability instrument degree. Moreover, the researcher will use the standard for test instrument as following.
a. Validity
Validity refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure and consequently permits appropriate interpretation of scores.6
From the explanation above, it should be noted that validity use to get accurate data which has good quality, to know the relevant of the test and how well the test samples are being tested.
b. Reliability
Reliability is the degree to which a test consistently measures whatever it is measuring.7 In other word it can be said that it is a test that can be trusted. If the instrument reliable the result data will be trusted or reliable.
rxy= n.
∑
XY−( ∑
X)( ∑
Y)
√ [n( ∑
X2)
−( ∑
X)
2][
n( ∑
Y2)( ∑
Y)
2]
Explanation:
rxy = Correlation coefficient n = Total of sample
∑X = Total of X score
∑Y = Total of Y score
XY = Total of result multiplication between X and Y score.
A.The Data Description 1.Research Setting
a. The Brief History of State Islamic Institute of Metro
IAIN Metro is only one of the State Islamic Institute in Metro. IAIN Metro is the alteration name of STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro.
The establishment of IAIN Metro written in presidential Decree which signed by the president Joko Widodo on August 1st 2016. This presiential decree begins to be acted on August 3rd 2016 by the minister of Law and Human rights Yasonna H. Looly. Historically, IAIN Metro was establish on April 23-25, 1997 based on the explanation letter of President RI No. 11 in the year 1997. The establishment of IAIN Metro cannot be separable with the history of IAIN Raden Intan Bandar Lampung. The existence of IAIN Raden Intan Bandar Lampung began from the effort of elite and religion figures that were joined together in Yayasan Kesejahteraan Islam Lampung (YKIL). In the discussion of YKIL, it was dealt to find two faculties, Tarbiyah and Syari’ah faculty, which were domiciles in Tanjung Karang. Through the persistent struggle of YKIL, on 13 October 1964 the status of Tarbiyah Faculty was changed from private to state.
Referring to the decision of President of Indonesia No. 27, 1963 which explained that to found Al Jami’ah, at least, it should have three
37
faculties. For that reason, YKIL opened Ushuludin Faculty that is domicile in Tanjung Karang in 1965. As an effort to realize the founding of IAIN Al-Jami’ah in Lampung, the first step was to make state-owned all Faculties which were still in private status at that time.
Finally, it realized the dream of Lampung society to found IAIN Al’jami’ah based on the Decree of Minister of Religious Affair of RI No. 187/68 which was named “Institute Agama Islam Negeri Raden Intan Tanjung Karang”. In 1993 based on the change IAIN Raden Intan Bandar Lampung.
In 1967, the Tarbiyah and Syari’ah department were established in Metro at Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara 15 A, Iring Mulyo, East Metro, Metro City by the request of Metro Society. It was not far from the change of name IAIN Raden Intan Tanjung Karang to IAIN Raden Intan Bandar Lampung that it went out a handbill of Director General of Bimas Islam No. E.III/OT.00/AZ/1804/1996 on August 21, 1996 about Settlement of Institutional Faculties IAIN outside central institute to be Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN). That was the history of the establishment of IAIN Metro.
IAIN Metro has three faculty, namely (1) Tarbiyah, (2) Syariah (3) Islamic Announcement and Communication. Tarbiyah faculty has four department, they are: Islamic Education department (PAI), Arabic Education department (PBA), English Education department (TBI), Islamic Elementary School Education department (PGMI. Afterwards,
Syari’ah Department has five department, they are; Syari’ah Economic (ESy), Ahwalusy Syakhsiyyah (AHS), Syari’ah Economic Law (HESy), Islamic Banking (D3 PBS), Islamic Banking (S1 PBS). Then, Islamic Announcement and Communication Department has two study programs, namely Islamic Announcement Communication (KPI) and Language and Arabic Literature (BSA).
b. The Structural Organization of State Islamic Institute of Metro
The Head of General
Bureau Tri Pramasetia,
S.E The Head of
Finance &
Accountancy Bureau M. Mahrus Sa’adon, S.E The Head of
Academic &
Student Bureau Drs. Miftakhul
Abidin
The structural organization of State Islamic Institute of Metro in academic year 2015/2016 as follows:
Figure 2
The organization structure of State Islamic Institute of Metro
Department Rector
Prof. Dr. Hj.Enizar, M.Ag
The Head of Administration Dra. Mugi Hastuti
Vice Rector III Dr. Mat Jalil, M.Hum.
Vice Rector II Drs. A. Jamil, M.Sy.
Vice Rector I H. Husnul Fatarib,
Ph.D
Faculty Senate of IAIN
Dir. Pasca Dr. Ida Umami, M.Pd.
Kons
c. The Facilities in State Islamic Institute of Metro
In order to support lecturers and students, there are some facilities in State Islamic Institute of Metro, namely: Lecturer’s room, Computer Laboratory Unit & Baitul Mal wa Tamwil, Library Unit, Language Laboratory Unit, Micro-Teaching Laboratory, Islamic Development Unit, classroom, mosque, futsal field, basketball field, wall climbing field, volley field, tennis field, auditorium, Students Activities Unit (UKM) room, Students Committee Office. For getting the details of facilities, it can be shown in the table below:
Table 5
Facilities in State Islamic Institute of Metro
No Facilities Total of
unit
Large (m2)
1 Lecturers’ room 1 556
2 Computer Laboratory Unit & BMT 1 1000
3 Library Unit 1 1000
4 Language Laboratory Unit 1 180
5 Micro-Teaching Laboratory 1 106,8
6 Islamic Development Unit 1 30
7 Classroom 16 1248
8 Mosque 1 1000
9 Futsal Field 1 510
10 Basketball Field 1 -
11 Wall Climbing Field 1 92
12 Volley Field 1 -
13 Tennis Field 1 650
14 Auditorium 1 -
15 Students Activities Unit 1 -
16 Students Committee Office 1 -
Source: Observation of State Islamic Institute of Metro in academic year 2014/2015.
d. The Sketch of Location of State Islamic Institute of Metro Figure 3
The Location Sketch of State Islamic Institute of Metro
e. The Condition of Lecturers and Official Employees
The number of lecturer and official employee at State Islamic Institute of Metro in academic year 2015/2016 are 152. Otherwise, there are 32 lecturers non PNS and 19 honorary workers. Therefore, the whole staff of State Islamic Institute of Metro in academic year 2015/2016 is 203.
f. The Students in State Islamic Institute of Metro
The total of the students in State Islamic Institute of Metro is 6002 students.
Table 6
The total of students in State Islamic Institute of Metro
No Academic year Students
1 2011 1205
2 2012 1509
3 2013 1146
4 2014 1143
5 2015 999
Total of students 6002
Source: Observation of State Islamic College of Jurai Siwo Metro in academic year 2014/2015
g. The English Education Department
English Education Department (TBI) strata 1 (S1) in State Islamic Institute of Metro was established in 2007. It included Tarbiyah faculty in State Islamic Institute of Metro. Historically, Strata 1 (S1) of English Education Department came from Diploma 3
(D3) English Education that was opened in 2002 based on the Decree No:DJ.1/220.C/2007 on May 28, 2007.
In implementing education, English Education Department stands on its vision, as follows: the establishment of professional students in the English education who can integrate the Islamic values and academic dimensions. So the students have a high bargaining.
Furthermore, the vision than is enlarged in some missions, as follows:
1) Developing the students’ privacy through knowledge, reinforcement, and actualization toward religious, national and civil life in the Islamic culture values.
2) Building and developing an atmosphere of the academic which is humanist, democratic and modern.
3) Growing the professionalism ethic through theoretical knowledge basic.
4) Providing qualified education service to produce the candidate of educator which is smart and skillful who have good attitude;
5) Applying integrated educational system which is able to give a significant input to development of education.
Those are the vision and missions which include all of the students in English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro. Furthermore, based on the vision and missions above, it is formulated be three purposes of English Education Study Program, as follows:
1) .To prepare the students not only to be English teacher who can actualize the society benefits values, science, technology, and art but also be able to be agents of change in the society.
2) To prepare the students be professional English teachers which can imply, develop and enlarge English education with spirit of English-Islamic.
In line with the above statement, English study program always tries to develop the quality in the teaching and learning process. Indeed, it will be a dynamic, open, and polite relationship among the stakeholders in TBI State Islamic Institute of Metro, and total students from 2011-2016 of TBI are 1059 students.
Table 8
Total students of TBI 2011-2015
Semester Jumlah
I 226
III 171
V 250
VII 276
IX 136
Total 1059
Source: Observation of State Islamic Institute of Metro in academic year 2014/2015.
Table 9
Total lecturers of TBI 2011-2015
Lecturer Total
PNS Lecturer 12
Non PNS Lecturer 14
Total 26
Source: Observation of State Islamic Institute of Metro in the Academic Year 2014/2015.
2.Research Data
a. Reading Comprehension
Reading Comprehension is as the independent variable of this research. To measure the student’s ability in reading comprehension, the writer tested the students by giving reading comprehension tests. The result of reading comprehension tests can be identified as follows:
Table 10
The Reading Comprehension Test Score among the fifth semester at State Islamic Institute of Metro
No Initial Students Score
1 AP 70
2 AZA 75
3 A 80
4 BJS 70
5 DY 80
6 DC 80
7 EN 80
8 EW 85
9 EY 80
10 FY 70
11 JR 85
12 LNP 80
13 NS 80
14 NAA 85
15 NF 80
16 OAP 90
17 RRN 80
18 RFF 80
19 R 90
20 SY 80
21 SRS 70
22 SMS 80
23 S 85
24 VA 70
25 WRAI 80
26 WTW 75
TOTAL 2060
MEAN 79,23
Taken on September 30, 2016.
From the data above, it can be found that the highest score was 90 and the lowest score was 70.
Based on the data, the writer then measured the class interval by using the formula as follows:
K= 1 + 3,3 log n K= 1 + 3,3 log 26 K= 1 + 3,3 × 1,414 K= 1 + 4,66
K= 5,66 ≈ 6
R= highest score – lowest score + 1 1 R= 90 – 70 + 1
R= 21
1Sugiyono, Statistika untuk Penelitian, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012), p. 36
I= R K I= 21
6
I= 3,5 ≈ 4
The total of class interval of this result pretest research was 4. After knowing the class interval, the data taken from interval above was put on the table of frequency distribution, as follows:
Table 11
The Table of Frequency Distribution of Reading Comprehension Test
Clas s
Interval Frequency Percentag e
1. 70-73 5 19,23%
2. 74-77 2 7,69%
3. 78-81 13 50%
4. 82-85 4 15,38%
5. 86-89 0 0%
6. 90-93 2 7,69%
If the data was put into graphic, it can be seen as follow:
Chart
70-73 74-77 78-81 82-85 86-89 90-93
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
5
2
13
4
0
2 19.23% 7.69% 50.00% 15.38%
0.00%
7.69%
Based on the table frequency distribution and graphic above, it can be inferred that 26 students as the research sample can be divided:
1) For the class interval of 70-73, there were 5 students or 19,23%.
2) For the class interval of 74-77, there was 2 student or 7,69% .
3) For the class interval of 78-81, there were 13 students or 50% .
4) For the class interval of 82-85, there was 4 student or 15,38% .
5) For the class interval of 86-89, there was 0 student or 0%.
6) For the class interval of 90-93, there were 2 students or 7,69%.
Therefore, it can be inferred that the students reading comprehension among the fifth semester students of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro is categorized into good category.
b. Translation Ability
Translation ability is the dependent variable of the research. To measure the translation ability of the students, the writer tested the students to translate a text. The result of translation ability test can be identified as follows:
Table 12
The Translation Ability Score among the fifth semester at State Islamic Institute of Metro
No Initial Students Score
1 AP 75
2 AZA 70
3 A 85
4 BJS 65
5 DY 85
6 DC 75
7 EN 75
8 EW 80
9 EY 80
10 FY 75
11 JR 80
12 LNP 75
13 NS 75
14 NAA 80
15 NF 70
16 OAP 85
17 RRN 85
18 RFF 85
19 R 85
20 SY 75
21 SRS 75
22 SMS 80
23 S 80
24 VA 75
25 WRAI 80
26 WTW 75
TOTAL 2025
MEAN 77,88
Taken on September 30, 2016.
From the data above, it can be found that the highest score was 85 and the lowest score was 65.
Based on the data, the writer then measured the class interval by using the formula as follows:
K= 1 + 3,3 log n K= 1 + 3,3 log 26 K= 1 + 3,3 × 1,414 K= 1 + 4,66
K= 5,66 ≈ 6
R= highest score – lowest score + 1 2 R= 85 – 65 + 1
R= 21
I= R K I= 21
6
I= 3,5 ≈ 4
The total of class interval of this result pretest research was 4. After knowing the class interval, the data taken from interval above was put on the table of frequency distribution, as follows:
Table 13
The Table of Frequency Distribution of Translation Test
Clas s
Interval Frequency Percentag e
1. 65-68 1 3,84%
2Ibid.
2. 69-72 2 7,69%
3. 73-76 10 38,46%
4. 77-80 7 26,92%
5. 81-84 0 0%
6. 85-88 6 23,07%
If the data was put into graphic, it can be seen as follow:
Chart 2
65-68 69-72 73-76 77-80 81-84 85-88
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1
2
10
7
0
6
3.84% 7.69% 38.46% 26.92%
0.00%
23.07%
Based on the table frequency distribution and graphic above, it can be inferred that 26 students as the research sample can be divided:
1) For the class interval of 65-68, there were 1 students or 3,84%.
2) For the class interval of 69-72, there were 2 students or 7,69% .
3) For the class interval of 73-76, there were 10 students or 38,46% .
4) For the class interval of 77-80, there were 7 students or 26,92% .
5) For the class interval of 81-84, there was 0 student or 0%.
6) For the class interval of 85-88, there were 6 students or 23,07%.
Therefore, it can be inferred that translation ability among the fifth semester students of English Education Study Program of State Islamic Institute of Metro is categorized into good category.
B. Hypothesis Testing
After applying test, the writer analyzed the data by using Product Moment formula correlation in order to prove whether there is correlation between the students reading comprehension and their translation ability at the fifth semester students of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro.
Therefore, it is easier for the writer to give symbol at both variables, where reading comprehension symbolized with X symbol and translation ability symbolized with Y. Moreover, preparing the table in order to prove whether there is any positive and significant correlation between the students reading
comprehension and their translation ability at the fifth semester students of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro.
Table 14
The Authentication of the Correlation between The Students Reading Comprehension And Their Translation Ability at the Fifth Semester Students of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro
Furthermore, putting the data above into the formula of Product
Moment correlation in order to get r observed or r xy
N = 26
∑ X = 2060
∑ Y = 2025
∑x 2 = 164050
∑y 2 = 158425
∑xy = 160925
r xy =
N.
∑
XY−(∑
X)(∑
Y)√
(N.∑
x2−(∑
X)2)(N.∑
y2−(∑
Y)2)=26. 160925−(2060)(2025)
√
(26.164050−(2060)2).(26.158425)−(2025)2)= 4184050−4171500
√ ( 4265300−4243600 ). ( 4119050−4100625 )
= 12550
√ (21700 ).( 18425)
=12550
√
399822500=12550 19995,562
= 0.627
Therefore, r observed is 0.627.
r observed is correlation coefficient (r) as the results of the calculation by using Product Moment correlation above.
C. Interpretations
1. Interpretation of r observed
Table 15
Interpretation to the Index of r observed The Index of “r”
Product Moment
(
rxy)
Interpretation
0,00-0,20
There is any correlation between X and Y variables, but it is lowest. Therefore, the correlation is neglected. (There is not correlation between X and Y variable).
0,20-0,40 There is any correlation between X and Y variables which is low correlation.
0,40-0,70 There is any correlation between X and Y variables which is average correlation.
0,70-0,90 There is any correlation between X and Y variables which is high correlation.
0,90-1,00 There is any correlation between X and Y variables which is highest correlation.3
The critical value of “r” Product Moment is 0.627. If we interpret it based on the table above, it can be inferred that there is average correlation between the students reading comprehension and their translation ability at the fifth semester students of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro.
2. Statistical Significance
The writer has formulated the Alternative Hypothesis, as follows:
There is any positive and significant correlation between the students reading comprehension and their translation ability at the fifth semester students of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro.
After Alternative Hypothesis above was formulated, the writer consulted r observed to r table , as follows:
If r observed is higher than r table , Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is
accepted and Null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected.
3 Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 1987, p.
180
Furthermore, to know the critical value of “r” Product Moment
(r table ), the writer firstly counted df. df is degree of freedom. The
formulation of df = N- 2. N is the numbers of research sample.
df = N – 2
= 26 – 2
= 24
After considering the Product Moment table by using df 24, it can be found that:
1) The critical value of r observed (r table ) for the 5%
significance is 0.404.
2) The critical value of r observed (r table ) for the 1 % significance is 0.515.
From all of data analysis above, it can be found that r observed is 0.986 and r table is 0.404 or 0.515. Finally, the data confirmed that r
observed is higher than r table . Therefore, it can be inferred that Alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
Furthermore, the writer measured the level of correlation between the students reading comprehension and their translation ability at the fifth semester students of English Education Department
in State Islamic Institute of Metro by counting the square of r observed and multiplying it by 100%.
Therefore, the level of correlation between reading comprehension and translation ability above:
R = r 2 x 100%
= (r observed ) 2 x 100%
= (0.627) 2 x 100%
= 39,32%.
Based on the analysis above, it can be inferred that the level of correlation between reading comprehension and translation ability is 39,32 %.
D. Discussions
In this research, there are two variables, the independent variable that is reading comprehension (X) and the dependent variable that is translation ability (Y). The variables were tested by using the calculation of Product Moment correlation and it was known that the correlation of the variables proved positive and significant.
Furthermore, in discussion of the independent and the dependent variables analysis results can be depicted to the below table:
Table 16
The Frequency Distribution of The Reading Comprehension And Translation Ability Test Results
No Variable Frequency (Percentage)
1 Reading Comprehen sion (X)
5 (19,23
%)
2 (7,69
%)
13 (50%)
4 (15,38
%)
0 (0%)
2 (7,69%)
2 Translation Ability (Y)
1 (3,84
%)
2 (7,69
%)
10 (38,46
%)
7 (26,92
%)
0 (0%)
6 (23,07
%)
Based on the table above, it can be inferred that from 26 students who followed the measurement process, most of the students were included into good category especially into independent variable (Reading Comprehension) and also into good category to dependent variable (Translation Ability). It means that the most students of the fifth semester of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro who followed the Reading and Translation 2 has good category.
Moreover, based on the results of hypotheses testing indicated that rxy is higher than r table of df 24, it can be looked at significant level 5%. Thus, Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that reading comprehension (X) has positive and significant correlation toward translation ability (Y)
among the fifth semester students of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro.
E. Limitations
This research was conducted at State Islamic Institute of Metro. The subject of the research was done in one class of the fifth semester. Hence, the result of this research was limited in this circumstance including class, conducting of the measurement, and this research could not be generalized.
A. Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the research data, the researcher can generally summarize the conclusion of this research. The research finding was clearly inferred that the correlation between the students reading comprehension and translation ability was positive and significant with r observed 0.627. The data confirm that t-observation > t-table (0,404 < 0,627> 0,515). Therefore, it can be inferred that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. It means that the finding of the research is in line with the theories asserting that there is any positive and significant correlation between students reading comprehension and translation ability.
This research, however does not interpret whole problem faced by the students and it is only available for the fifth semester student of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro.
B. Suggestion
Considering the results of the research, that was conducted at the fifth semester of English Education Department in State Islamic Institute of Metro as follows:
1. For the Students
The students should expand the knowledge by comprehending the reading text well and they should more motivation in translation ability and reading comprehension.
60
2. For the Lecturers
The lecturers should motivate the students to be more active in learning English by helping them of expand their knowledge by comprehending the reading text and translation ability.
3. For the Principal of TBI
The principal should support the English learning process by preparing the facilitation and instrument of English learning completely and the principal should recommends making research about the correlation reading comprehension and translation ability.