CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
D. Data Collecting Procedure
In collecting data, the researcher took the data from pre-test and post- test. Pre-test administered to the subject before applying storytelling technique. Meanwhile, post-test administered after applying storytelling technique.
Pre-test and post-test contain the same oral text items. They were just different in time allocation. These pre-test and post-test taken by
evaluation. Therefore, these tests must valid and reliable. Then, the present researcher uses these items as the pre-test and post-test which includes three steps. Those are pre-test, treatment, and post-test. Some steps would be used in this research was conducted by research online (due to Covid) and via face to face interaction are below:
1. Pre-experimental
In Pre-experimental (pre-test) was conducted by via face to face interaction in classroom activity. Before conducting the treatment (experiment), the two classes (experimental and control groups) were given a pre-test, to know the condition of the two classes before being given treatment. If after the initial test, the differences between these two classes were not much different, then it would process to the next stage, namely the provision of treatment (experiment)
2. Treatment (Experiment) for experiment and control class
At this steps, was conducted also by face to face in classroom the treatment (experiment) in the experimental class is following the previously plan procedure, while the control class is not given treatment (experiment) .
a. Learning steps in the experimental class that was given treatment were followed :
1) The teacher provided an explanation of the narrative text material
2) The teacher showed examples of narrative text
3) The teacher provided an explanation of storytelling
4) The teacher provided an example of how to retelling a story 5) Students pay attention to the story sheet and the explanation.
6) Students imitated the teacher's pronunciation, regarding the stages of story telling.
7) With teacher guidance, students were given the opportunity to question the learning material regarding narrative text (legend) 8) Students understand the content of the story being told.
9) Students answered the questions that given by the teacher according to the story.
10) The teacher handed out story sheets to each individual.
11) Students prepared stories to be retell.
12) Students are randomly selected by the teacher to tell the stories that have been given by the teacher
b. Learning steps in the control class by using conventional method that was not given treatment were followed :
1) The teacher provided an explanation of the narrative text material to students.
2) The teacher showed examples of narrative text and stages of narrative text
3) Students pay attention to the story sheets that were distributed 4) With teacher guidance, students were given the opportunity to
question learning materials regarding narrative text
5) The teacher confirms the assignments that have been done by students
6) The teacher requires students to conclude the essence of learning 7) The teacher checks students' understanding
Based on the steps above, the eksperiment class was conducted by using storytelling as a method/technique of learning. It was different in control class that used the conventional method by the teacher. Which was the class not given the treatment.
The researcher developed the steps for learning speaking by using storytelling techniques which were divided into three (3) learning steps (Bunanta, 2009: 37). The steps of the storytelling technique that researchers use in this study were divided into three steps, including:
a. Preparation before storytelling
1) The researcher chooses a book title that is interesting and easy to remember. Storytellers need to carry out activities to sort and select story material.
2) After selecting and understanding the story, then deepen the characters in the story to be delivered so that the content and message can be delivered properly.
b. When storytelling
1) The researcher have to wait for the condition of the students to be ready to listen the fairy tales to be conveyed.
2) The storytelling process can be started by greeting students first, or making something that attracts students' attention.
3) Slowly, researchers led students into fairy tales. Things to note are:
a) When storytelling takes place, the researcher / storyteller must make eye contact with the students
b) The storyteller must be able to express his face according to the situation being told.
c) Storytellers must be able to carry out movements that reflect what the characters being told.
d) Storytellers can lower their voice to bring students to feel the situation from the story being told.
e) Storytellers must be able to maintain speed / tempo during storytelling. Maintain the pace of speech so that it is always the same tempo or steady.
f) Storytellers must be able to attract students' interest in the storytelling process
c. After the storytelling activity was complete
1) The researcher asks students about the core of the story that has been conveyed and the values that can be taken.
2) After that, the researcher invites students to love reading and recommends reading books whose contents are interesting, full of
positive values, and according to the age and psychological development of students.
3. Post-Experiment
In this steps, was conducted by research online (google meet aplication) the researcher held another test, namely the final test. This final was conducted to determine how much influence or cause and effect of giving treatment (treatment) to the experimental class. This last test give to the experimental and control classes. The final test results will be compared with the results obtained at the time (pre-test)
The steps in this research include:
1. Choosing two groups of subjects to be placed in two different classes as the research sample.
2. Choosing the subject group to be placed in the experimental class and the control class.
3. Conducting a pre-test in the experimental class (O1) and the control class (O3).
4. Hold post-test in the experimental class (O2) and the control class (O4) after treatment.
5. Find the average score and standard deviation of (O1, O2, O3, O4) then compare them.
6. Examine the mean score with the t-test.