B. Data Presentation 1. Data Collection
Learning motivation is included in the independent variable (X). The questionnaire on learning motivation included of 20 items that contain intrinsic and extrinsic motivation which were adapted from the MREQ and will be calculated by calculating 5 Likert scales. To shorten the time, the researcher used Google forms to test the questionnaire on student motivation. Then the Google form link is shared through the available class WhatsApp group thus students can access the questionnaire easily.
Besides, speaking ability is included in the dependent variable (Y).
To decide the students' speaking ability, the researcher gave them an oral test. Through the assessment target adapted from JB. Heaton, then 3 item criteria are assessed; accuracy, fluency, and student's comprehensiveness.
The three assessments have covered the five aspects of speaking that were previously described; there are pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension.
Oral tests were administered to students one by one so that students remained focused on answering the speaking questions from the researcher.
Students are called to the front and are allowed to choose one of the cards that contain a pictorial dialogue with the asking-for-attention material that they have learned in the previous meeting.
After testing both variables, the total score of the student's learning motivation and speaking ability was finally collected. The total score that obtained as follows:
Table 4.1
Total Score of Students Learning Motivation No Stud
ents (N)
Question Number To
tal Sc ore Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 AFJ 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 2 4 2 3 2 4 3 4 2 2 62
2 ARP 5 3 5 5 2 3 2 4 4 2 3 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 3 65
3 AAF 4 4 2 3 5 5 3 4 5 5 3 5 3 4 5 4 5 3 2 4 78
4 AP 3 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 88
5 BM 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 66
6 C 5 2 2 2 5 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 76
7 DB
A 4 5 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 82
8 DR
NA 5 4 4 2 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 5 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 73
9 EOS 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 60
10 EA
D 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 2 2 4 2 3 5 2 70
11 FBA
R 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 75
12 FH
W 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 61
13 HR 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 4 5 5 90
14 LB 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 61
15 LCA
A 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 78
16 MR
A 3 4 1 4 5 3 2 3 4 4 5 3 4 4 2 5 5 3 3 4 71
17 MA 3 5 5 3 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 1 3 5 5 5 5 84
18 MF
A 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 67
19 MR
H 4 4 1 3 2 2 4 4 5 2 4 5 3 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 71
20 MF 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 76
21 MR 2 3 2 1 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 59
22 NO
G 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 88
23 NR 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 47
24 PAF 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 73
25 PC 1 5 3 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 83
26 PR 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 65
27 RPA 5 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 76
28 SRR 3 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 64
29 SA 4 4 3 4 4 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 5 3 4 78
30 SNR 4 4 5 4 3 2 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 71
31 WR
DS 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 74
32 AR 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 60
33 AD
C 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 85
34 FEP 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 3 56
35 FM 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 66
36 GV 5 4 3 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 5 74
37 IM 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 4 72
38 LB
M 3 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 4 65
39 MD
R 2 3 1 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 47
40 MR 5 3 2 3 2 5 2 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 4 4 4 3 4 74
41 MZ
A 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 54
42 MB
A 5 5 4 5 4 5 1 5 3 2 5 3 5 4 1 2 3 1 1 5 69
43 MD
V 5 5 1 4 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 2 3 2 5 5 5 81
44 MF
DF 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 96
45 MF
R 4 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 83
46 MI 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100
47 MJ 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 58
48 MR
A 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 37
49 NSR 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 93
50 NA 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 85
51 RH 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 91
52 RBS
F 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 58
53 TT 3 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 68
54 YD 3 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 68
55 ZM 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 3 2 3 5 3 2 4 81
Table 4.2
Total students Score of Speaking Ability No Students
(N)
Criteria Total
score Accuracy Fluency Comprehensibility
1 AFJ 1 1 2 4
2 ARP 1 2 1 4
3 AAF 4 3 4 11
4 AP 1 2 1 4
5 BM 4 4 5 13
6 C 3 2 2 7
7 DBA 1 1 1 3
8 DRNA 4 5 5 14
9 EOS 3 3 1 7
10 EAD 2 1 1 4
11 FBAR 4 5 5 14
12 FHW 1 1 1 3
13 HR 1 2 1 4
14 LB 1 2 3 6
15 LCAA 1 1 1 3
16 MRA 5 5 5 15
17 MA 5 5 5 15
18 MFA 1 1 1 3
19 MRH 2 5 5 12
20 MF 4 4 2 10
21 MR 3 2 1 6
22 NOG 5 5 4 14
23 NR 1 2 2 5
24 PAF 5 5 4 14
25 PC 1 1 1 3
26 PR 4 5 5 14
27 RPA 3 1 1 5
28 SRR 1 1 1 3
29 SA 2 2 2 6
30 SNR 5 5 5 15
31 WRDS 2 2 2 6
32 AR 1 2 1 4
33 ADC 4 4 5 13
34 FEP 1 1 1 3
35 FM 4 5 5 14
36 GV 2 3 2 7
37 IM 4 5 5 14
38 LBM 3 1 1 5
39 MDR 2 1 2 5
40 MR 4 5 5 14
41 MZA 1 1 1 3
42 MBA 1 1 2 4
43 MDV 4 5 5 14
44 MFDF 1 1 1 3
45 MFR 2 1 1 4
46 MI 2 1 1 4
47 MJ 2 2 2 6
48 MRA 5 5 5 15
49 NSR 2 1 1 4
50 NA 1 1 1 3
51 RH 2 1 1 4
52 RBSF 1 1 1 3
53 TT 1 1 2 4
54 YD 1 1 1 3
55 ZM 4 5 5 14
In Table 4.2 above shows the differences in students' speaking abilities, it can see from the scores obtained from students' oral tests with various values. One of them is an oral test conducted by students with the initials MF who have low scores, with the following answers:
Students get a picture card number 4.
MF: (An abnormally long pause occurs)
Interviewer: “Terdapatseorang guru dengan murid-murid, kemudian guru meminta sebuah attention kepada muridnya, dan mereka menjawab "Yes sir!". Kalimat asking attention seperti apa yang seharusnya disampaikan oleh guru?”(giving instruction).
MF: (Paused) MF: “good /gut?/”
Students cannot answer the test, are full of long pauses, cannot understand instructions, cannot speak clearly, and do not get the meaning spoken.
The answers above are slightly different from students who have oral test scores in the medium category. As an example of an oral test conducted by a student with the initial C. He can answer questions a little better:
Students get a picture card number 11.
C: (Paused normally)
C: “listen to me /ˈlɪsn tu mi/”
Students need a long time to search for words, are able to answer clearly and slightly influenced by their mother tongue even though do not get the meaning spoken.
On the other hand, students who scored in the high category were able to answer the oral test better. As an example of the oral test conducted by students with the initials MA:
Students get a picture card number 11.
MA: “guess what /ges wʌt/”(directly answer the questions given) Students can answer correctly without looking for words.
Correct pronunciation, slightly influenced by mother tongue, and well conveyed the meaning spoken.
The oral test result above show that there are differences between students who master speaking skills and those who do not master them at all from the way they answer the questions given.
2. Analysis of Data Collection a. Validity Test
Validity test is used to determine the suitability of the instrument used by researchers to measure and obtain research data from respondents. This method is used by correlating the score obtained on each question item with the individual's total score.
Each item will be connected to the total score of each variable to test its validity using the Pearson correlation in the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 application. This test was conducted on 55 respondents. The
decision-making is based on the comparison of the r count value with the r table.
If r count value > r table = valid If r count value < r table = invalid
How to find the value of the r table with N=55 at 5%
significance in the distribution of statistical r table values. Thus, the value of the r table is 0.266.
1) Validity Test of the Learning Motivation Instrument
The validity result calculation of the learning motivation with a total number of questions as much as 20 items as follows Table 4.3:
Table 4.3
The Results of the Validity Test of the Learning Motivation Variable Item
Number
rCount value Sig rtable Status
1 0.594 0,000 0,266 Valid
2 0.752 0,000 0,266 Valid
3 0.466 0,000 0,266 Valid
4 0.571 0,000 0,266 Valid
5 0.674 0,000 0,266 Valid
6 0.649 0,000 0,266 Valid
7 0.601 0,000 0,266 Valid
8 0.816 0,000 0,266 Valid
9 0.629 0,000 0,266 Valid
10 0.621 0,000 0,266 Valid
11 0.657 0,000 0,266 Valid
12 0.636 0,000 0,266 Valid
13 0.730 0,000 0,266 Valid
14 0.670 0,000 0,266 Valid
15 0.58 0,000 0,266 Valid
16 0.578 0,000 0,266 Valid
17 0.629 0,000 0,266 Valid
18 0.636 0,000 0,266 Valid
19 0.584 0,000 0,266 Valid
20 0.663 0,000 0,266 Valid
Source: Processed data from SPSS 2020 results.
It can be seen from table 4.2 that all question items for the learning motivation variable are valid because the r count value > r table is 0,266.
2) Validity Test of the Speaking Ability Instrument
The validity result calculation of the speaking ability variable with 3 assessment criteria items, as follows Table 4.4:
Table 4.4
The Results of the Validity Test of the Speaking Ability Variable Item
Number
rCount value Sig rtable Status
1 0.926 0,000 0,266 Valid
2 0.975 0,000 0,266 Valid
3 0.960 0,000 0,266 Valid
Source: Processed data from SPSS 2020 results.
It can be seen from table 4.3 that all question items for the learning motivation variable are valid because the r count value > r table is 0,266.
b. Reliability Test
Valid question items will be tested for reliability to find out whether the answers to questions will always be consistent when measured with the instrument repeatedly. Briefly, validity concerns the validity of measuring instruments, and reliability concerns the consistency of measuring instruments.
The basis for taking the reliability test is when the Cronbach Alpha value that appears is greater than 0.6 then it can be declared
reliable. Measurement of the reliability used the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 application.
1) Reliability Test of the Learning Motivation Instrument
The reliability result calculation of the learning motivation with a total number of questions as much as 20 items as follows Table 4.5:
Table 4.5
The Reliability Test of the Learning Motivation Variable Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
0,921 20
Source: Processed data from SPSS 2020 results.
Table 4.4 shows that the Cronbach Alpha value generated is 0.921 > 0.6, thus the results of this study are reliable.
2) Reliability Test of the Speaking Ability Instrument
The reliability result calculation of the speaking ability with 3 assessment criteria items, as follows 4.6:
Table 4.6
The Reliability Test of the Speaking Ability Variable Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
0,949 3
Source: Processed data from SPSS 2020 results.
Table 4.5 above, shows that the Cronbach Alpha value generated is 0.949 > 0.6, thus the results of this study are reliable.
C. Analysis and Hypothesis Testing 1. Prerequisite Testing
As explained that the correlation test has several prerequisite tests.
The analysis prerequisite test is used to find out either the data to be tested qualified for the calculation of the hypothesis test. This test includes the normality test.
a. Normality Test
This test is carried out to evaluate the data set against its distribution, whether the data is normally or abnormally distributed. This can be seen from the use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test on SPSS 20 as shown in the Table 4.7 below:
Table 4.7
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test Score of the Learning Motivation and Speaking Ability
Source: Processed data from SPSS 2020 results.
Table 4.6 above, shows that the Sig generated is 0.008 < 0.5, thus the results of this data are abnormally distributed.
2. Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing was carried out using non-parametric tests. It is because the pre-requisite tests that were carried out did not require the criteria, including the results obtained being abnormally distributed. Hence, Hypothesis testing was carried out using the Spearman Rank Correlation in the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 application. Spearman Rank testing to measure the relationship between two variables, learning motivation (X) and speaking ability (Y). This test is used because it can dictate the magnitude and direction of the contribution of the independent variables to the dependent variable in the form of categories or rankings.
Hypothesis testing is formulated with the criteria for rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis in accordance with the results of calculations in the SPSS program. The table below will be explained the hypothesis testing that has been formulated. Criteria for rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis in the SPSS program are as follows:
a. Accept Ho and reject Ha if the value of Sig > 0.05. This means that there is no significant relationship between the two correlated variables.
b. Accept Ha and reject Ho if the value of Sig < 0.05. This means that there is a significant relationship between the two correlated variables.
The results of hypothesis testing are in the following Table 4.8:
Table 4.8
Spearman Rank Correlation Test of the Learning Motivation and Speaking Ability
Source: Processed data from SPSS 2020 results.
The results obtained at the Sig value of 0.224 with a correlation coefficient of 0.167, thus it is stated that there is no significant relationship between the two variables. Therefore, Ho with the statement "there is no significant relationship between motivation in learning English and students' speaking ability" is accepted. Meanwhile, Ha with the statement “there is a
significant relationship between motivation in learning English and students' speaking ability” is rejected. In addition, it has a very weak correlation category seen from the correlation coefficient value obtained.