DATA DISPLAY AND FINDINGS
This chapter presents the data display and research finding based on the problems stated in the first chapter of this research, how is the pre-service EFL teachers’ TPAC Knowledge at TBI UIN Mataram. The data were taken from the questionnaire and interview. The data were obtained in the form of the students’
voice (interview was conducted by phone call), and questionnaire result (using Google form).
A.TPACK level of Pre-service English Teachers at TBI UIN Mataram
After the questionnaire administrated to the students, the researcher found that the pre-service EFL teachers’ TPAC Knowledge that can be described below.
1. Technological Knowledge (TK)
Based on the data from questionnaire, the researcher found Technological Knowledge (TK) of pre-service EFL teachers at TBI UIN Mataram, it can be described in table below.
Table 2.1
Pre-service EFL teachers’ Score on Technological Knowledge (TK)
No Question Score Percentage Criteria
1 I have the technical skills to use the
internet and computers effectively 155 78% Good
2 I learn technology easily 134 67% Enough
3 I know how to solve my own technical
problems when using technology 139 70% Good
4 I keep up with popular new
technologies 147 74%
Good
Total 575 72% Good
Criteria:
20,00 % - 36,00 % : Bad 36,01 % - 52,00 % : Low 52,01 % - 68,00 % : Enough 68,01 % - 84,00 % : Good 84,01 % - 100 % : Very Good
According to table above, it shows that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Knowledge (TK). Most of students have the technical skills to use the internet and computers effectively with 78%, students know how to solve their own technical problems when using technology with 70% and keep up with popular new technologies with 74%.
Meanwhile for students learn technology easily with 67% which in enough criteria. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the Pre-service EFL teachers’
score on Technological Knowledge (TK) was 72% and it was in good criteria. This finding also was supported by the data from interview, some students said:
“I think I can solve any technical problems when using technology in teaching. Because I often made it when I do some homework from my teacher which is teacher ask me to integrate some technology in teaching”37
“I can use technology in teaching because technology has good effect in any aspect of life especially in teaching and learning.
When I in university I keep trying to learn technology so it will support me when I want to teach”38
37 Students 3, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
38 Students 10, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
“For me, sometimes I solve any technical problems in using technology in teaching. Because as a prospective teacher you must know the technology that is developing now so that later it will make it easier for teachers to teach.”39
In conclusion, the researcher found that Pre-service EFL teachers’ Technological Knowledge (TK) was in good criteria. It can be seen from data which the total percentage of Technological Knowledge (TK) was 72%
and most of students said that they can used technical skills such as using internet and computers effectively. Therefore, the students can solve any technical problems in using technology in teaching.
2. Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)
Based on the data from questionnaire, the researcher found Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) of pre-service EFL teachers at TBI UIN Mataram, it can be described in table below.
Table 2.2
Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)
No Question Score Percentage Criteria
1 I am able to stretch my students’
thinking by creating challenging tasks for them
146 73% Good
2 I am able to guide my students to adopt
appropriate learning strategies 136 68% Enough 3 I am able to help my students to
monitor their own learning 149 75% Good
4 I am able to help my students to reflect
on their learning strategies 138 69% Good
5 I am able to plan group activities for
my students 146 73% Good
6 I am able to guide my students to 141 71% Good
39 Students 7, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
discuss effectively during group work
Total 856 71% Good
Criteria:
20,00 % - 36,00 % : Bad 36,01 % - 52,00 % : Low 52,01 % - 68,00 % : Enough 68,01 % - 84,00 % : Good 84,01 % - 100 % : Very Good
According to table above, it shows that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Pedagogical Knowledge (PK). Most of students able to stretch their students’ thinking by creating challenging tasks for them with 73%, pre-service EFL teachers able to help their students to monitor their own learning with 75%, also they able to help their students to reflect on their learning strategies with 69%. Therefore, pre-service EFL teachers able to plan group activities for my students with 73% and they able to guide their students to discuss effectively during group work with 71%.
Meanwhile, for pre-service EFL teachers able to guide their students to adopt appropriate learning strategies was 67% which in enough criteria.
Furthermore, it can be concluded that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) was 71% and it was in good criteria. This finding also was supported by the data from interview, some students said:
“I think when I teach some students, I can make a task for my students which based on material. It is important because I know about my students’ ability and their comprehend.”40
40 Students 2, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
“I can help my students to reflect on their learning strategies.
I will integrate what they most like in their life with the material that I will deliver in the class”41
“Sometimes, I will make some group discussion in the class.
So, the students can discuss about their material and solve their own problem in learning”42
In conclusion, the researcher found that Pre-service EFL teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) was in good criteria. It can be seen from data which the total percentage of Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) was 71% and most of students said that they can help their students to reflect on their learning strategies and integrate between students most like with the material.
3. Content Knowledge (CK)
Based on the data from questionnaire, the researcher found Content Knowledge (CK) of pre-service EFL teachers at TBI UIN Mataram, it can be described in table below.
Table 2.3
Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Content Knowledge (CK)
No Question Score Percentage Criteria
1 I have sufficient knowledge of science 145 73% Good 2 I can think about the content of science
like a subject matter expert 149 75% Good
3 I am able to develop a deeper
understanding of the content of science 152 76% Good
Total 446 74% Good
41 Students 6, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
42 Students 9, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
Criteria:
20,00 % - 36,00 % : Bad 36,01 % - 52,00 % : Low 52,01 % - 68,00 % : Enough 68,01 % - 84,00 % : Good 84,01 % - 100 % : Very Good
According to table above, it shows that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Content Knowledge (CK). Most of students able to develop a deeper understanding of the content of science with 76%, pre- service EFL teachers can think about the content of science like a subject matter expert with 75%, also they able to develop a deeper understanding of the content of science with 69%. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Content Knowledge (CK) was 74% and it was in good criteria. This finding also was supported by the data from interview, some students said:
“I think I can develop a understanding and bring comprehension of material which include content of science. This is very necessary for teachers in teaching, especially in terms of content with science”43
“In my opinion, I able to give a good explanation of the content of science in the class because I have studied microteaching in a course in the last semester.”44
“For me, I can relate learning to science content in learning in order to provide a good understanding to my students”45
In conclusion, the researcher found that Pre-service EFL teachers’ Content Knowledge (CK) was in good criteria. It can be seen from data
43 Students 1, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
44 Students 5, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
45 Students 3, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
which the total percentage of Content Knowledge (CK) was 74% and most of students said that they can develop an understanding and bring comprehension of material which include content of science. Thus, it is very necessary for teachers in teaching, especially in terms of content knowledge.
4. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK)
Based on the data from questionnaire, the researcher found Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) of pre-service EFL teachers at TBI UIN Mataram, it can be described in table below.
Table 2.4
Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK)
No Question Score Percentage Criteria
1
I am able to use technology to introduce my students to real-world scenarios
145 73% Good
2
I am able to facilitate my students to use technology to find more
information on their own
151 76% Good
3
I am able to facilitate my students to use technology to plan and monitor their own learning
147 74% Good
4
I am able to facilitate my students to collaborate with each other using technology
144 72% Good
Total 587 73% Good
Criteria:
20,00 % - 36,00 % : Bad 36,01 % - 52,00 % : Low 52,01 % - 68,00 % : Enough 68,01 % - 84,00 % : Good 84,01 % - 100 % : Very Good
According to table above, it shows that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK). Most of students agreed that they able to use technology to introduce their students to real-world scenarios with 73%, pre-service EFL teachers able to facilitate my students to use technology to find more information on their own with 76%, also they able to facilitate their students to use technology to plan and monitor their own learning with 74%. Therefore, pre-service EFL teachers able to facilitate their students to collaborate with each other using technology with 72%. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) was 73% and it was in good criteria. This finding also was supported by the data from interview, some students said:
“I think when I teach in the class, I able to facilitate my students to use technology for finding more information about material by using another resource in internet.”46
“I can give directions to students to use technology in learning so that later they can find material related to learning in class.”47
“In my opinion, I will provide learning by combining technology in the classroom so that my students can take advantage of technology that is now increasingly advanced.”48
In conclusion, the researcher found that Pre-service EFL teachers’
Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) was in good criteria. It can be seen from data which the total percentage of Technological Pedagogical
46 Students 2, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
47 Students 8, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
48 Students 6, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
Knowledge (TPK) was 73% and the informant said that they able to facilitate their students to use technology for finding more information about material by integrating technology so they can find another resource related to the material.
5. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
Based on the data from questionnaire, the researcher found Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of pre-service EFL teachers at TBI UIN Mataram, it can be described in table below.
Table 2.5
Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
No Question Score Percentage Criteria
1
Without using technology, I can address the common misconceptions my students have about science
144 72% Good
2
Without using technology, I can help my students to understand the content knowledge of science in various ways
143 72% Good
Total 287 72% Good
Criteria:
20,00 % - 36,00 % : Bad 36,01 % - 52,00 % : Low 52,01 % - 68,00 % : Enough 68,01 % - 84,00 % : Good 84,01 % - 100 % : Very Good
According to table above, it shows that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Most of students can address the common misconceptions their students have about science
without using technology with 72% also pre-service EFL teachers can help their students to understand the content knowledge of science in various ways without using technology with 72%. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) was 72% and it was in good criteria. This finding also was supported by the data from interview, some students said:
“Of course, without using technology, I can bring understanding about the material to my students in the class.”49
“In my opinion, I able to make my students understand about the material in the class without using technology.”50
“For me, I can create learning strategy and better understanding to my students without using technology.”51
In conclusion, the researcher found that Pre-service EFL teachers’
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) was in good criteria. It can be seen from data which the total percentage of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) was 72% and most of informant in interview said that they create learning strategy and better understanding to my students without using technology.
6. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
Based on the data from questionnaire, the researcher found Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of pre-service EFL teachers at TBI UIN Mataram, it can be described in table below.
49 Students 1, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
50 Students 5, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
51 Students 3, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
Table 2.6
Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)
No Question Score Percentage Criteria
1
I can use the software that is created specifically for science (e.g., data loggers for science)
137 69% Good
2
I know about the technologies that I have to use for research of the content of science
144 72% Good
3
I can use appropriate technologies (e.g., multimedia resources, simulation) to represent the content of science
137 69% Good
Total 418 70% Good
Criteria:
20,00 % - 36,00 % : Bad 36,01 % - 52,00 % : Low 52,01 % - 68,00 % : Enough 68,01 % - 84,00 % : Good 84,01 % - 100 % : Very Good
According to table above, it shows that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Content Knowledge (TCK). Most of students can use the software that is created specifically for science (e.g., data loggers for science) with 69% also pre-service EFL teachers know about the technologies that they have to use for research of the content of science with 72%. Also, can use appropriate technologies (e.g., multimedia resources, simulation) to represent the content of science with 69%.
Furthermore, it can be concluded that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) was 70% and it was in good
criteria. This finding also was supported by the data from interview, some students said:
“I will suggest my students to use educational application or programs. I also will share E-books and E-tests so that students can learn the material in their phone.”52
“In my opinion, I able to use technology in teaching by using some digital based learning.”53
“For me, I can create learning process with technology such as using PowerPoint and another learning platform in the internet.”54
In conclusion, the researcher found that Pre-service EFL teachers’ Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) was in good criteria. It can be seen from data which the total percentage of Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) was 70% and most of informant in interview said that they suggest their students to use educational application or programs, share E-books and E-tests, and create learning process with technology such as using PowerPoint and another learning platform in the internet.
7. Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK)
Based on the data from questionnaire, the researcher found Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK) of pre-service EFL teachers at TBI UIN Mataram, it can be described in table below.
52 Students 1, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
53 Students 9, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
54 Students 5, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
Table 2.7
Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK)
No Question Score Percentage Criteria
1
I can teach lessons that appropriately combine science, technologies, and teaching approaches
149 75% Good
2
I can select technologies to use in my classroom that enhance what I teach, how I teach, and what students learn
146 73% Good
3
I can use strategies that combine science, technologies, and teaching approaches that I learned about in my coursework in my classroom
145 73% Good
4
I can provide leadership in helping others to coordinate the use of science, technologies, and teaching approaches in my school and/or district
139 70% Good
Total 579 72% Good
Criteria:
20,00 % - 36,00 % : Bad 36,01 % - 52,00 % : Low 52,01 % - 68,00 % : Enough 68,01 % - 84,00 % : Good 84,01 % - 100 % : Very Good
According to table above, it shows that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK). Most of students agreed that they can teach lessons that appropriately combine science, technologies, and teaching approaches with 75%, pre-service EFL teachers can select technologies to use in their classroom that enhance what they teach, how they teach, and what their students learn with 73%, also they can use strategies that combine science,
technologies, and teaching approaches that they learned about in my coursework in their classroom with 73%. Therefore, pre-service EFL teachers can provide leadership in helping others to coordinate the use of science, technologies, and teaching approaches in their school and/or district with 70%. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the Pre-service EFL teachers’ score on Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK) was 72% and it was in good criteria. This finding also was supported by the data from interview, some students said:
“I think when I teach in the class, I will use WhatsApp group, while others material delivered by using technology for making the content look more amazing to students example video speaking on YouTube.”55
“I will use Google classroom for assessing student weekly assignment and I will share YouTube link video to WhatsApp group class as references for student.
“I can operate common online learning tools such as WhatsApp and Google classroom, so I can easy to deliver my material in the class.”56
In conclusion, the researcher found that Pre-service EFL teachers’
Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK) was in good criteria. It can be seen from data which the total percentage of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK) was 72% and the informant said that they will use WhatsApp group, video speaking on YouTube, and Google classroom as online learning tools for delivering materials and assessing student weekly assignment.
55 Students 2, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
56 Students 6, Interview, Mataram 23 February 2022.
CHAPTER III