CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
B. Discussion
Need analysis is the process of determining the needs for which a learner of group of learners requires a language and arranging the needs according to priorities. Need assessment makes use of both subjective and objective information (Richards, 2001).
These analysis strategies are ways to examine, investigate, explore what current needs are for defensible curriculum. These Nine are :
1. Purposes of Learning English
The results of study from Jubhari, Rosmiaty, and Nurliah (2022), are also expected to be used as a reference material for further research, namely
syllabus/RPS planning and development of English teaching materials for nursing students. As conclusion that several important points that can be applied as well as an important reference in compiling English learning materials of Sub-skills in the field of speaking, listening, reading and writing which are ranked the first for each sub skill are: reading; read drawings/work schedules and understand the text, work contract in English at Politeknik Sandi Karsa Makassar Indonesia.
In this study, the goal of learning English according to the highest average is that students want to work as nurses in countries that use English. it means that English is becoming a global need for students. not only for study purposes but also for work needs. while in the research above, the purpose of learning English for students is more focused on the outermost aspect, namely reading drawing and understanding the text which will then help them in their work. however, the most important point is that the use of English for the world of work according to their field occupies a significant position.
2. Perceptions of English Proficiency Level
The study aims at analyzing the English skills in an English Proficiency Test (EPT) shown by students at tertiary level or university students, particularly the first year university students (freshmen). The study centers around the students’ English skills represented in English Proficiency Test, which are then related to the students’ common problems investigated in this study. The three sections in English Proficiency Test analyzed in this study including listening, structure and written expressions, and reading. This study revealed reading skill
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was the major problems faced by the first year of university students, particularly, in reviewing overall reading text. To solve this problem, the cognitive strategies, particularly the top-down reading strategies are suggested to anticipate the author’s purpose, preview the text, think about what one already knows about the topic, skim for main points, etc. An effective reading strategies training which is more focused and explicit should be regularly practiced and enhanced since it can significantly boost reading proficiency and language acquisition.
In this study, listening and writing are the English skills that students most want to master. The basis is that with good listening skills, students will be able to interpret what they hear well so that there is no miscommunication.
Furthermore, writing skills are needed to create literature that is relevant to the student's scientific field. Meanwhile, in the research above, the ability of students who need improvement to be mastered is the ability to read. it indicates that by having good reading skills, students can understand written information well.
therefore, references in English will be well understood.
3. Perceptions on English Learning Problems
In the recent era, a wider global community has used English for any purpose; one of the most important is academic purposes. In terms of academic purposes, learning English now becomes a must for any students all around the world, specifically EFL students. Focusing on the learning English issue, this research took a rare case about the EFL students do a study abroad program in a non-English speaking country, especially in the context of English learning problems and strategies. Under a qualitative case study, the researcher addressed
two main methods to two international EFL students at a private Islamic university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. By using reflective essays and interviews as the methods, the data concluded that most of the problemsfound had similarities to the EFL students’ problems when they study in their home country. Along with the problems, the researcher also discovered strategies done by both of the participants to resolve the problems.
In this study, the students' obstacle in learning English is cannot master writing. That means writing has its own level of difficulty as a productive skill.
In addition to relying on good listening skills, writing requires effective reading skills. while the research above focuses on the English language barrier in speaking skills. then given two solutions, namely reflective essays and interviews so that students are trained to speak.
4. Speaking
This research found that speaking was really needed for students in nursing department. Speaking transformed as expression to be delivered verbally.
Based on this research, students’ perception claimed that giving instruction was the most interested topic and the most uninterested were making phone calls and giving opinion. In nursing department, giving instructions to patients is the first key to communicate. It meant that the first component as high average that needed in speaking ability was giving instructions. This study and Safitri's research (2017) both discuss speaking. However, in this study, giving instruction was shown to be the item most needed by students. while Safitri's research (2017) focused on oral presentation with needs analysis. the advantage is that giving
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instruction is the first step to improve English language skills, but it is still basic and one-way.
Safitri (2017) in her research focused on speaking which oral presentation aspect. In this research, students’ need in speaking is oral presentation. The findings showed that from the lacks: a) the students often have trouble in oral presentation, b) the students' low vocabulary mastery, c) there were some mistakes in their grammar, d) the students were often afraid to speak because they were worried about making mistakes, from the necessities; a) the students have to learn how to communicate on the level of everyday communication, b) the students are able to pronounce the words correctly, the students are able to apply the proper grammar in communication, from the wants;
a) the students will use English speaking for higher education, b) the students strongly disagree with the opinion of removing the course from university curriculum, c) they thought bad English proficiency determine a bad effect on the academic performance, d) they like pair or group or project, e) they prefer for working in pair or groups, and f) the students want the teacher as the facilitator and guide.
5. Listening
In this research, the researcher found that listening skill was really need for students. Listening preferred students’ ability to hear and analyze information then assume it. Based on the data, listening to English speaking colleagues indicated with high score sometimes. This result defined that nursing students
should have good listening skill to understand and give fit back to colleagues. It meant that also nurses needed to clarify the information from what they listened.
This study and Surwanti's research (2018) both discuss listening. In this study, high average places speaking collagues as a student's listening needs. Meanwhile, Surwanti's research (2018) focuses more on repeating and clarifying what has been heard. both are very closely related because in conveying or repeating it requires good listening skills so that the message is appropriate.\
As this research, Surwanti (2018) showed that listening is really needed for students. The result described that Students‟ needs in listening skills are:
students need to recognize their English lecturers, students need to learn how to take effective notes and how to ask for repetition or clarification, students need to recognize lengthy description in English and instructions, they need to identify the subject matter of a talk, they also need to identify different accents and pronunciation, and students need to expand their vocabulary size.
6. Writing
Writing is really need for students. Writing can distort the ideas then describe it in a text. In the findings of this research, writing placed as a nursing students’ need. For kinds of writing skill, the data indicated that translating nursing books journals, and articles was the highest score sometimes. It meant that translating is the first component that was needed by students. Translating carry out the words by words, sentences by sentences, and paragraphs by paragraphs.
This research with research by Ampa and Quraisy (2017) talks about writing skills. The difference between the two studies is that in this study the ability to
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translate acquires the basic needs of students in writing skills, on the other hand the other one discusses the ability to write contained in the structure and vocabulary. therefore, the direction of student needs is different in this study.
However, the ability to translate is preferred to find out the information needed in the world of work that is available in English.
It is suitable with the research from Ampa and Quraisy (2017). Their research found that for the purpose of achieving the writing skill, a number of components are essential to have for the students; they are structure, vocabulary, content, organization, and mechanic. Structure and vocabulary are the first two needs to be possessed by the students in learning the English writing skill. In making the English paragraph, a variety of ways for the paragraph development are certainly needed by the students. In fact, there are six important types of paragraph development that the students really need in their writing task. Then, the types of text also frequently make the students confused, so that they also need them. Therefore, the matters being discussed in this research should be taught to the students for the sake of their writing development in the future.
7. Reading
Reading represented the way to understand and give attention to the text by reading. In this research, reading is really needed for nursing students’
importantly. The findings discussed that reading nursing books journals, and articles is the high average of reading students’ perception with 2.9 score. It meant that nursing books, journals, and articles should be the first references for students. It also added their knowledge about their education and work. By
reading, students can understand how to treat the patients. In this study, reading nursing references were at the highest average for student needs, while Wahyono and Puspitasari's research (2016) discussed reading for academic purposes. Of course, positioning that the most needed reading ability is reading for the reference and academic needs of students. Through reading and enriching references, students' knowledge will increase, so reading is not just a necessity but a way to improve their English language skills.
This research is in line with Wahyono and Puspitasari (2016). Their research found that most of students (EFL learners) often have difficulties or constraints in reading English texts for academic purposes and they want to improve their reading strategies in detail and comprehension level through EAP course in general and to improve their writing performance.
8. Language Features
Language features is the hardest concern to bargain with. It is built by way of various modern rules related to sentence production. It can moreover be utilized as the device to alter and analyze sentence developments. No wonder why a few students sense overburdened whereas as English grammar. In this research, language features is really needed for nursing students. As we can see, one of the high average of students’ perception is identifying the main topic of a text with 2.6 score. In this study, the language features is needed by students. the need for language features because a sentence will be understood with the correct sentence structure. In Nurhayati's research (2020), games are a means to develop language features skills. The reason is the boring way of teaching teachers so that
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innovation is needed. Of course, these two studies position the importance of language features where games are one solution to overcome boredom in learning language features.
The result of this research placed the language features as one of crucial skill that should gathered by nursing students. It was supported by following research from Nurhayati (2020). The researcher concluded that in the case of students' perspective on practical English grammar course, almost all of students said that strategies used by lecturer were not effective. They felt bored toward teacher center approach. Then the effective strategy in practical English grammar is game based learning because they enjoy and it can increase the memorizing automatically. The students prefer to choose learning media by themselves. In this case they used technology to support their learning such as YouTube, songs, and learning website. Besides students also have their own strategies and determine the material by themselves. Indirectly it is influenced toward students' understanding in studying grammar. The last there were students who made questions and answers toward the materials.
9. English Learning Expectation to the Lecturer
The findings of the research show that independent variables of achievement motivation and expectations influence the dependent variable of learning achievement (Y) by Y‘ = 48.866 + 0.04 + 0.258 . This implies that 1 value of achievement motivation and 1 value of exectation will result on 49.164 learning achievement on English Education subject.
In this study, students' expectation is that the teacher corrects their mistakes in grammar. it means grammar is very difficult so students expect the teacher to correct their grammar mistakes. while the research above shows that motivation and expectations are interrelated. it means students should also have an effort to improve their grammar skills.
42 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion
Based on the findings of the data, the researcher found that the need for ELT material of third-semester students at the Nursing Department of STIKES Mega Rezky Makassar were: 1) speaking in the giving instruction topics, 2) listening namely listening to English-Speaking Collegues, 3) writing in the Translating nursing books,journals, and articles, 4) reading nursing books,journals, and articles, and the last 5) language Feautures in the Mastering nursing terms; Making word structure; Using correct punctuation, spelling, and capitalizations; Mastering paper format; Using correct intonation; and identifiying the main topic of a text.
B. Suggestion
The researcher a suggested to students learn ELT based on their needs for future professionalism. Then, other researcher can get information and benefit their research, and also researchers suggest to lecturers to improve learning English in five skills, namely speaking (giving instructions),Listening(Listening to English-Speaking colleagues),Writing (Translating nursing books,journals,and articles),Reading (Reading nursing books,journals.,and articles),and than Language Features (Mastering Nursing Terms,etc).
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