Environmental and Social Indicators

5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK INDICATORS

5.6.3 Environmental and Social Indicators

Indicative environmental and social risks that can be analysed in the SESA are summarised in Table 15. The analysis includes relevant drivers of deforestation identified in Section 2.2.1. These will be discussed further in the social and environmental impact assessment provided in Section 7.0.

Table 15 Summary of relevant environmental and social (E&S) indicators to

monitor/track impacts over the course of J-SLMP and ERP implementation.

E&S Indicators Summary of Issues Data Sources Timeline for Monitoring Occurrences of conflicts

and disputes in forest and non-forest areas (e.g., plantation conflicts, revocation of mining permits, encroachments) Drivers:

 Unauthorised / illegal activities

 Tenurial conflict

 Tenurial conflicts between

communities and palm oil plantations (e.g. Batin Sembilan communities with PT Asiatic Persada in Batanghari District)

 Accumulation of unresolved problems (Palm oil plantation in Production forest in Tebo and Tanjung Jabung Barat,

 Conflicting licenses (Timber plantation, palm oil and mining)

 Capacity building for smallholders in implementing sustainable estate crops that will reduce the potential for land disputes

 Plantation Agency

 FGRM institution

 Environmental Agency

 Energy and Mineral Resource Agency

 SEKDA/Governor

 Web information system from MoEF

Monthly

Cases of Access restriction to land and natural resources Drivers:

 Food sustenance

 Forest and plantation concessions are restricting access to livelihood/cultural activities (e.g., local communities, Orang

 FGRM institution

 Concession holders

 ATR/BPN for plantation HGU

 Village administration

Quarterly

E&S Indicators Summary of Issues Data Sources Timeline for Monitoring

 Activities of Indigeneous people

Rimba & Talang Mamak);

 Customary area of Marga Serampas in Kerinci Seblat NP

 Unclear boundaries (FMU, mining and plantations)

 FMU

Numbers of cases, and intensity of social conflicts

Drivers:

 Tenurial conflict

 Influx of migrants

 The arrival of migrant workers and subsequent claim on local people‘s / indigenous people‘s properties

 Competition between migrants and locals over other natural resources

 Kesbangpol;

 Sub-district records

Annually

Numbers (quantity) and frequency of Impacts received by indigenous peoples

Drivers:

 Activity of indigenous peoples

 Previous and existing uses by local communities and indigenous people (e.g., hunting by Orang Rimba and Talang Mamak)

 Customary forests of Marga Serampas and Lekuk 50 Tumbi Lempur)

 Indigeneous community is persuaded to conduct illegal logging by companies (e.g.

Tebo / Bukit 30)

 FMU

 NGO Reports

Quarterly or annually

Numbers and intensity of Loss/Damage to physical

& cultural resources Drivers:

 Infrastructure development in forest area

 Anticipation of undiscovered cultural resources

 Karst ecosystem in Sarolangun District

 Megaliths artifact in Kerinci District

 Geopark site in Merangin District

 Education and cultural agency (Province)

 Tourism Agency (Province)

 Bureau of Archeology

 Academic reports/journals

Annually

Numbers of cases of Community Health &

Safety Drivers:

 Health and safety aspects in fire control / prevention measures

 Artisanal mining practices

 Health Agency (Province)

 Energy and mineral resources agency

Quarterly

E&S Indicators Summary of Issues Data Sources Timeline for Monitoring

 Forest & peatland fire;

 Unauthorised/illegal activities

 Food sustenance / livelihood

Lack of awareness, management capacity and participation (qualitative indicators on the presence of capacity building, accessibility, and incentives) Drivers:

 Weak forest governance

 Tenurial conflict

 Lack of cross- sectoral conflict resolution

mechanisms (e.g., plantation,

andforestry sectors, environmental disturbances)

 Limited capacity for government staff to access alternative livelihood options for local people

 Lack of accessibility for all social strata of the community to be involved in the plantation process

 Lack of incentives in sustainable forest management is expected to facilitate social inclusion

 Lack of agreement on benefit sharing mechanism

 FGRM institutions

 DGPPI

Quarterly

Institutional capacity to manage potential environmental & social risk (qualitative

assessment on capacity building and capacity improvements) Drivers;

 Weak governance

 Limited facility, equipment and resources for effective forest protection &

management

 Capacity building needs for FMU officers is needed, especially to implement and monitor the process to manage HCV forests, and to implement RSPO/ISPO standards for companies and smallholders

 Lack of ability to mediate environmental conflicts

 Lack of capacity to implement

sustainable palm oil plantation

 FMU

 Forestry agencies

 Plantation agencies

 Concession holders

Quarterly

E&S Indicators Summary of Issues Data Sources Timeline for Monitoring Numbers of cases on

Gender and social inclusion

Drivers:

 Food sustenance

 Forest Encroachment

 Sub-optimal involvement of women in forest management will help reduce encroachment and deforestation

 Lack of application of gender

mainstreaming program at grassroot level (villages)

District agencies:

BAPPEDA, Women Empowerment

Annually

Area of Forest Encroachment Drivers:

 Forest Encroachment

 Lack of effective forest protection and management

 Encroahment in Kerinci Seblat National Park in Merangin District (Coffee) and Kerinci District (Horticulture, cinnamon);

 Encroachment in KPH Tanjung Jabung Barat (Palm oil), Tebo Barat and Tebo timur (Palm Oil)

 Lack of facilities, equipment and personnel to conduct effective forest protection and management

National Park Authority reports

FMU reports

Quarterly

Numbers and locations of Forest fire hotspots Drivers:

Forest and peatland fire

 Burning methods are used by smalholder farmers (majority of palm oil plantation operator)

 Coverage of early warning system is still limited, causing forest fire to occurs in some areas that are not equipped with this system

 Peatland restoration agency;

 LAPAN

 NASA

Quarterly (or monthly during prolonged dry season / ENSO)

Cases, areas, and severity of Loss of natural habitat and Biodiversity Drivers:

 Threats to species and their habitat

 Overlapping with key biodiversity areas and endangered species population (tiger, elephants, Raflesia sp, Amorphophalus t)

 Community-based monitoring efforts are not optimised

 FMU

 BKSDA

 ATR/BPN for plantation HGU

 National Parks

Quarterly or annually

E&S Indicators Summary of Issues Data Sources Timeline for Monitoring

 Lack of clear conservation guidelines Numbers of

cases/frequency and severity of Contamination and Pollution

Drivers:

 Food sustenance (agriculture)

 Infrastructure &

regional development in forest area

 Use of pesticides in agriculture and plantation sector

 Small-scale civil/construction works and waste management

 Environmental agency (Province)

Quarterly

Numbers of cases indicating risks of Leakages and reversals Drivers:

 Unauthorised / illegal activities

 Forest & peatland fire

 Shifting carbon emissions to other areas outside WPK or to neighbouring provinces

 Lack of participation in fire

control/prevention resulting in increased carbon emission

 Ditjen PPI

 Safeguards Committee/DLH

 SEKBER

Annually