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- The guesthouse there is a chair, table, family photo and decoration
- In the kitchen are cabinets, dining table, dining, refrigerator, and washing machine
- My house has five rooms, two bedrooms, one living room dining room, and television room
- In their room there are two wardrobes and a bed
In this error category, students made 3 errors in their writing assignment.
The students write sentences with a wrong placement based on the Indonesian pattern. This error occurred because they had translated from Indonesian words into an English pattern. That is, students are familiar with the structure of their first language.
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In misformation, the number of student errors was the least error that occurred, namely 22 times. To calculate the percentage of data above, the following formula is used:
= 100
P = 100 P = 64,7
Then, the percentage of misformation errors was 64,7 errors from a total of 48 students studied.
b. Addition
In addition, the number of student errors was the least error that occurred, namely 7 times. To calculate the percentage of data above, the following formula is used:
= 100 P = 100 P = 20,6
Then, the percentage of addition errors was 20,6 errors from a total of 48 students studied.
c. Misordering
In misordering, the number of student errors was the least error that occurred, namely 4 times. To calculate the percentage of data above, the following formula is used:
= 100 P = 100
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P = 11,8
Then, the percentage of misordering errors was 11,8 errors from a total of 48 students studied.
d. Omission
In omission, the number of student errors was the least error that occurred, namely 1 times. To calculate the percentage of data above, the following formula is used:
= 100 P = 100 P = 2,9
Then, the percentage of omission errors was 2,9 errors from a total of 48 students studied.
Table 4.1 Total of Errors
No Types of errors Total of Errors Percentage
1 Misformation 22 64,7
2 Addition 7 20,6
3 Misordering 4 11,8
4 Omission 1 2,9
Total 34 100
The table shows number of students' errors in writing descriptive text used the Simple Present Tense. As shown the table, most of the students were confused in using important items in sentences. Most of them use plural noun (-s and -es), There are still many students who still use the past tense in writing descriptive texts. So, the highest error was misformation, they made 22 misformation errors (64,7). Meanwhile students made 1 (2,9) omission errors, 7 (20,6) addition errors,
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and 4 (11,8) misordering errors. Therefore, the number of errors used was 34 present tense errors in writing descriptive text.
Discussion
After analyzing data collection, students' writing test used the present tense in writing descriptive text. The purpose of this study was to finds out the answers to research questions. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to find out what errors students made and what errors were most frequently occurred in using the simple present tense in writing descriptive texts. Thus, the first research question is "What types of errors in the use of simple present tense are made by the students in writing descriptive text?" Thus, first discussion will focus on analyzing students' writing test in using present tense in writing descriptive text.
This stage aims determine types errors to identify student errors in using simple present tense in writing descriptive texts based on surface strategy taxonomy (omission, addition, misformation and misordering). In this study, researchers analyzed 48 students' written test that used the Simple Present tense in writing descriptive texts.
In this section, the researcher was classification students' test errors into four types (omission, addition, misformation and misordering). According Krashen, as cited Cho & Yoo (2012) Omission is missing error are indicated by the absence of an item that should appear in a well-crafted speech. Usually, happens because students are still confused about the use of the subject which will affect to be (is, am, and are). This study found 1 (2,9) Omission errors.
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The second type of error is addition, Where students use things they don't want in sentences. Based on the results of the students' writing tests, it was found that some students had incorrectly placed words that were not important in sentences, for example there were students who wrote the sentence "is my house it is not big and spacious" in this sentence the students added an unnecessary item, namely "Is" Thus, this study found 7 (20,6) additional errors.
Furthermore, the third error is misformation. This happens because students are still confused about the use simple present tense. Many students who still use the past tense in writing descriptive texts. Thus, most frequently students errors in used the present tense in writing descriptive text is misformation. In this study, 22 (64,7) misformation were found.
In addition, the fourth type of error is misordering. It is defined as a misplaced word. In addition, this is due to differences in word order in English and Indonesian. Based on the results of students' writing, there were 4 (11,8) errors in preparation. Some of them write in English, but the students use Indonesian word. This means that students‟ are still familiar with the composition of Indonesia words.
In conclusion, based on the analysis of 48 students' writing test to write descriptive texts using the simple present tense, the researcher found several errors made by second grade students of MTSN 1 Luwuk by using surface strategy taxonomy (omission, addition, misformation and misordering). Thus, after analyzing and calculating the errors found 1 (2,9) omissions, 7 (20,6)
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additional, 22 (64,7) misformation errors, and 4 (11,8) misordering. Based on the results of the study, the total errors in this study which classified the errors into four categories (omission, addition, misformation and misordering) were 34 errors. In this section, the first research question has been answered through the students' written work.
In addition, the second research questions are "What type of errors mostly occurred of using Simple present tense?" Thus, this second discussion will describe the most dominant errors of students in writing descriptive text using the simple present tense.
An error occurs because it is difficult to use simple present tense. Many students who still use the past tense in writing descriptive texts. Based on the above statement, can be concluded that the most frequently students error writing descriptive text using the simple present tense is misformation and the factor causing students error in writing descriptive text using the past tense. So, when students don‟t know the structure of English the students will write based on their knowledge of English patterns. Because the students don‟t speak English very well and have only acquired a few English rules, when they write the word they only apply some of the rules have learned. However, when the students don‟t know the structure, the students will write it based on their knowledge of the foreign language.
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