a) Omission
After analyzing the students' writing results, the researchers found the most omission errors with 1 errors. Example Sentences are:
Errors made by students:
- The kitchen contained a dining table, two counters for storing dishes and glasses
Correct answer:
- The kitchen contains a dining table, two counters for storing dishes and glasses
The students did not use to be (am, is and are) and did not add suffix „ s ‟ that should appear in using third singular person and plural noun before adjective.
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In Indonesian, the subject did not change the verb, and the adjective did not need auxiliary verb. Based on those problems, the errors appeared in their writing products. Therefore, students must pay attention to the important items that must appear in English writing in order to avoid grammatical errors and to build good writing.
b) Addition
After analyzing the students' writing results, the researchers found the most addition errors with 7 errors. Example Sentences are:
Errors made by students:
- *Is* my house *it* is not big and spacious - *One* the second floor of my house
- My house and my parents *my house is* very simple - *One* the first floor
- My house has eight rooms of one living room, *one living*
room and two bedrooms
- My father and my mother have *been* divorce since 3 years ago
- The one room, *room* is aunt and uncle
Correct answer:
- My house is not big and spacious
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- The second floor of my house
- My house and my parents are very simple - The first floor
- My house has eight rooms of one living room, and two bedrooms
- My father and my mother have divorce since 3 years ago - The one room is aunt and uncle room
The students add to be after using verb and modals the students applied the rules that they had already known in writing the sentences by using present tense.
Meant, they only knew that to be (is, am, and are) was necessary, but they did not know when it was required. Therefore, they had to learn more about the English rule in order to minimize those errors.
c) Misformation
After analyzing the students' writing results, the researchers found the most misformation errors with 22 errors. Example Sentences are:
Errors made by students:
- *Their* are my rooms and my brother‟s
- I also really respect my mother and grandmother who *has*
been raising and caring for me from childhood until now - I *lived* with my parents and my sister
- There *was* my room in the attic - Where I studied and rested
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- My bathroom was divided into two, one for defecating and the other for bathing
- Kitchen only insulated wall wood
- I *slept* in the back room with my grandmother and aunt - My brothers and my grandfather *slept* in the middle room - My father *was* in Morowali working in the nickel mine - I *lived* with my siblings and my parents
- There *was* a set of corner chairs - I *lived* with my family and sisters
- I also *had* aquariums as a beautification of the house - I *had* an excellent and special room and a personal toilet - I *had* two cabinets to store my things
- I *had* an air conditioned and a special office - I *lived* with my father, mother, two older brother
- I *lived* with my parents and my younger brother and sister
- In the room *were* objects I could not name one by one - I *lived* with my parents, grandparents, uncle, aunt and my
cousins.
- That *was* my house on detail Correct answer:
- They are my rooms and my brother‟s
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- I also really respect my mother and grandmother who have been raising and caring for me from childhood until now - I live with my parents and my sister
- There is my room in the attic - Where I study and rest
- My bathroom is divided into two, one for defecating and the other for bathing.
- Kitchen is only insulated wooden wall
- I sleep in the back room with my grandmother and aunt - My brothers and my grandfather sleep in the middle room - My father is in Morowali working in the nickel mine - I live with my siblings and my parents
- There is a set of corner chairs - I live with my family and sisters
- I also have aquariums as a beautification of the house - I have an excellent and special room and a personal toilet - I have two cabinets to store my things
- I have an air conditioned and a special office - I live with my father, mother, two older brother - I live with my parents, my younger brother and sister - In the room where objects I cannot name one by one
- I live with my parents, grandparents, uncle, aunt and my cousins.
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- That is my house on detail
Based on the example above, misformation occurs when students are accustomed to using auxiliary verb (have or has), (is, am, and are), incorrectly.
Students made more errors because they were still difficult to use (is, am, and are). If the students used the plural noun, they had to contribute the appropriate to be. There are still many students who still use the past tense in writing descriptive texts. In addition, students tend to make this error because they only master a few rules of English, but they find it difficult to decide whether the item is appropriate or not.
d) Misordering
After analyzing the students' writing results, the researchers found the most misordering errors with 4 errors. Example Sentences are:
Errors made by students:
- The guesthouse *is there* a chair, table, family photo and decoration
- In the kitchen are cabinets, dining table, *dining*, refrigerator, and washing machine
- My house has five rooms, two bedrooms, one living room
*and* dining room, television room
- *Their in* the room there are two wardrobes and a bed Correct answer:
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- The guesthouse there is a chair, table, family photo and decoration
- In the kitchen are cabinets, dining table, dining, refrigerator, and washing machine
- My house has five rooms, two bedrooms, one living room dining room, and television room
- In their room there are two wardrobes and a bed
In this error category, students made 3 errors in their writing assignment.
The students write sentences with a wrong placement based on the Indonesian pattern. This error occurred because they had translated from Indonesian words into an English pattern. That is, students are familiar with the structure of their first language.