CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
B. Specific Data
2. Factors Causing Fear of Negative Evaluation in Speaking Performance
showed different facial expressions because they couldn’t control their stage fright and were confused.
54 He feels that lack of practice makes him worry about what other people think of him, he feels lacking in vocabulary so he is afraid of being noticed by others, he is also fear of being judged by his friends, he is fear of creating an impression who are bad at speaking English in front of the class, fear of making pronunciation mistakes, and grammatical errors are one of the reasons for fear of being evaluated negatively.74
This was in line with IEM’s statement, he was afraid of making grammatical errors, pronunciation, and lack of vocabulary:
He lacks of confidence in his abilities and lacks practice so he cares too much about what other people think of him, besides that he is also lacking in English vocabulary, afraid of making mistakes in pronunciation and grammar.75
The same statement was also expressed by the AR, he felt a lack of practice and lack of preparation, causing him to have feelings of fear and negative evaluation. According to him as follows:
He was worries about what other people think of him, he admitted that he has thought like that because he feels a lack of practice, he feels he is not good at English pronunciation so he is afraid of being noticed by other people, he is afraid of being judged by other people when other people disagree with his words, he is afraid of making mistakes in pronunciation and grammar is afraid of being laughed at by others.76
According to AKF as follows:
He is afraid that if what is conveyed is not in accordance with the specified topic, he feels lacking in vocabulary and lacks confidence in the abilities he has.77
This was in accordance with the statement of RSAB, according to him a lack of practice and a lack of mastery of grammar were the reasons for having a feeling of fear of negative evaluation. According to the him as follows:
He is afraid of being judged by his friends when he speaks English, because his lack of preparation makes him worry about what other people will think of him, he feels he is not good at English pronunciation so that makes him afraid Being noticed by other people, he is afraid of creating a bad impression due to lack of practice, and he is also afraid of making mistakes in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar when speaking English in front of the class .78
According to IMP, the reasons for having a fear of negative evaluation factor were as follows:
He feels that he lack of practice, which made him not confident in his abilities, he feels that he lack of vocabulary, and he is afraid of making pronunciation and grammatical mistakes which cause him to be laugh at by his friends.79
74 See the appendix: 01/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
75 See the appendix: 04/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
76 See the appendix: 02/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
77 See the appendix: 05/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
78 See the appendix: 10/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
79 See the appendix: 06/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
Vocabulary deficiencies were indeed one of the reasons students have a fear of negative evaluations like ABS statement:
He is afraid of being judged by his friends because lack of practice, he is worried about what other people think of him, he feels that he lacks English vocabulary so he is afraid of being noticed by other people, lack of practice and preparation make him worry about creating bad impression when speaking in front of the class, he is afraid of making mistakes in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary .80
According to BDCG, he also had the same reasons as the other students, such as lack of practice, and not mastering pronunciation, grammar, and vocab in English. According to the him as follows:
He is afraid of being judged by other people and worried about what other people will think of him, because he was not confident with the preparation he has, he feels that he does not understand grammar well. He is afraid of making a bad impression due to lack of preparation and practice, he is afraid of making mistakes in English pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.81
According to RH, his reasons are as follows:
He feels a lack of practice, afraid of being laughed at and evaluated if the topics present are not appropriate to the discussion.82
According to NFM, as the last student who conveyed his reasons, he had the following factors causing fear of negative evaluation:
He feels a lack of practice so he is afraid of creating a bad impression besides that he is also afraid of making pronunciation and grammatical mistakes that would cause him to be evaluated or laughed at by his friends.83
From the interview results, it could be concluded that the reason students had factors that caused fear of negative evaluation in speaking performance was because they were feeling of lack of practice, lack of preparation, lack of vocabulary, fear of being judged by others, They were afraid that the topics they discussed would deviate from what had been determined, they were afraid of creating a bad impression and having problems with pronunciation and grammatical errors.
80 See the appendix: 03/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
81 See the appendix: 08/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
82 See the appendix: 07/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
83 See the appendix: 09/W/08-2/2023 interview transcript.
56
3. Strategies Used by the Students to Overcome Fear of Negative Evaluation in Speaking Performance
Fear of negative evaluation made students less optimal in speaking English, they already known what factors caused fear of negative evaluation and the reasons, so a strategy was needed to overcome this, each student had a different strategy, the researcher used a questionnaire. Researcer distributed questionnaires on February 8, 2023. It aimed To explore the kind of strategies used by the students to overcome fear of negative evaluation in speaking performance.
From the results of the questionnaire there were direct strategies, namely Memory strategies, from the memory strategy reviewing well (structured reviewing) was a strategy that many students chose to overcome the fear of negative evaluation, namely memorizing by repeating words so that they were easier to memorize. Cognitive strategies, of this strategy analyzing and reasoning (Reasoning deductively analysing expressions, analyzing contrastively, translating, transferring) was the strategy that most students chose, namely the strategy of understanding the material or discussing it by analyzing the text, then translating it into Indonesian and then practicing it using English. Compensation strategies, from this strategy, overcoming limitations in speaking and writing was the strategy chosen by most students in this class, namely by way of overcoming the limitations of English students usually switched to their mother tongue for words that were not yet known by English, asked friends/teachers about these words, understood the meaning of words spoken by other people through expressions/gestures, using synonyms for words that were not yet known.
Indirect strategies, namely metacognitive strategies, From this strategy, most students chose centering your learning to overcome the fear of negative evaluation, namely by selecting the focus and reducing conversations with other people to understand the intent of the material. Affective strategies, From this strategy students chose to lower their anxiety by taking deep breaths, calming themselves through music or something else. The last strategy
was social strategy the students asked friends or teachers to evaluate their speaking skills before coming to the front of the class were strategies implemented by students in overcoming fear of negative evaluations in speaking performance. Following were the results of the direct and indirect strategy tables:
Table 4.3 Result of Direct Learing Strategies
Direct Strategies
No Kind of Strategy Strategy Use Yes No
1. Memory strategies Creating mental linkages (Grouping, associating/elaborating, put new words into context) Applying images and sounds (Using imagery, semantic mapping, using keywords, representing sounds in memory)
Reviewing well (Structured reviewing) √ Employing action (Using physical response or sensation, using mechanical techniques)
2. Cognitive strategies Practicing (Repeating, formally practicing with sounds and writing systems, recognizing and using formulas and patterns, recombining, practicing naturalistically) Send and receive messages (Getting the idea quickly, using resources for receiving and sending messages) Analyzing and reasoning (Reasoning deductively Analysing expressions, analysing contrastively, translating, transferring)
√
Creating structure for input and output (Taking notes, summarizing, highlighting)
3. Compensation Strategies Guessing Intelligenty (Using linguistic clues to gues meaning, using other clues)
Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing (Switching to the mother tongue, getting help, using mime or gesture, using a circumlocution or synonym)
√
Table 4.4 Result of Indirect Learing Strategies
Indirect Strategies
No Kind of Strategy Strategy Use Yes No
4. Metacognitive strategies Centering your learning (Overviewing and linking new information with already known material, paying attention, delaying speech production to focus on listening)
√
Arranging and planning your learning (Finding out about language learning, organizing, planning for a
58 language task, seeking practice opportunities)
Evaluating your learning (Self-monitoring, self- evaluating)
5. Affective strategies Lowering your anxiety (Using progressive relaxation, deep breathing, or meditation, using music, using laughter)
√
Encouraging yourself (Making positive statements Taking risks wisely, rewarding yourself)
Taking your emotional temperature (Listening to your body, using a checklist, writing a language learning diary, discussing your feelings with someone else) 6. Social strategies Asking questions (Asking for clarification or
verification, asking for correction)
√
Cooperating with others (Cooperating with peers, cooperating with proficient users of the new language) Empathising with others (Developing cultural understanding, becoming aware of others ’thoughts and feelings)