CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Findings
The researcher conducted the research at the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar in the eight semester in the academic years 2020/2021. The subject of this research was 10 students in the eight semester. The findings of the research based on the result of document analysis.
1. The Types of passive sentences made by the students’ inccorectly
Based on the data analysis of the students' writing results, it was found the incorrect passive sentences from simple present tense and simple future tense written by students in their academic writing were as follows:
a. Simple Present Tense
After analyzing the results of the student's proposal writing, the researcher found several mistakes made by students in writing passive sentences in their academic writing, which were as follows:
Extract 1
R1.1 : Vocabulary in learning process is needto build childrens language and speaking skills.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by the R1 is incorrect because the verb used in the sentence is a simple form of verb without converting it into past participle.So the sentence should be
“Vocabulary in learning process is neededto build childrens language and speaking skills”.
Extract 2
R2.1: In this research, nonparticipant observation is use by the researcher where the researcher observe 10 students from A class taking speaking for advance subject during presentation activity
R2.2: Speaking fluency scale is use to determine the level of students speaking fluency.
R2.3: The researcher observe 10 students whom are assign to do presentation by the lecturer with the topic of international conference in speaking for Advance subject of A class in one meeting.
R2.4: There were a few steps use by the researcher in analyzing the data.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R2 wrote the passive voice incorrectly. For the first sentence, second sentence and third sentences the mistake made in the sentence was that he did not change the simple form verb into past participle which should have used past participle. So the sentence should be "In this research, nonparticipant observation is usedby the researcher where the researcher observe 10 students from A class taking speaking for advance subject during presentation activity", “Speaking fluency scale is used to determine the
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level of students speaking fluency”, “The researcher observe 10 students whom are assigned to do presentation by the lecturer with the topic of international conference in speaking for Advance subject of A class in one meeting”. As for the fourth sentence, the errors made were errors in the use of auxiliary verb and the verb used were not verb 3 or past participle. He should use the auxiliary verb of the simple present tense instead of the auxiliary verb of the simple past tense because the auxiliary verb of the simple present tense ‘is’ 'am' 'are' not 'was' 'were'. While for the verb that must be used is a verb 3 or past participle not a simple verb. So the sentence should be "There area few steps used by the researcher in analyzing the data”.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R3 wrote the passive voice incorrectly. the verb used by R3 in his writing is a simple form of verb without changing the verb into the past participle. So the correct sentence is "But in reality there are still very many obstacles experienced by students when answering toefl test especially in reading section”.
Extract 4
R4.1: Based on my observations from the previous semester there are some students' made mistakes in writing so make people who read will confused with the mean of the writing
Extract 3
R3.1: But in reality there are still very many obstacles experience by students when answering toefl test especially in reading section.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R4 wrote the passive voice incorrectly. In the passive voice, she does not use the auxiliary verb 'be' before the past participle which should in the sentence use the auxiliary verb 'be'. So the sentence should be “Based on my observations from the previous semester there are some students' made mistakes in writing so make people who read will be confused with the mean of the writing”.
Extract 5
R5.1: The writer interested in researching fricative consonant especially in the fifth semester of Muhammadiyah Makassar University to know the extent of the student's understanding of fifth semester to fricative consonant, and the thing that causes the error pronounciation in fricative consonants R5.2: Qualitative research used to produce an analysis procedure without
statistic procedure or another quantitative calculation.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R5 wrote the passive sentence incorrectly. That's because it doesn't use auxiliary verbs in the sentence.
The sentence should use the auxiliary verb 'is' after the subject so that it becomes a complete and correct passive sentence. So the sentence should be "The writeris interested in researching fricative consonant especially in the fifth semester of Muhammadiyah Makassar University to know the extent of the student's understanding of fifth semester to fricative consonant, and the thing that causes the error pronounciation in fricative consonants”, “Qualitative research isused to
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produce an analysis procedure without statistic procedure or another quantitative calculation”.
Extract 6
R6.1: In SMPN 1 Galut teaching English especially speaking are limited with media and method, this is the reason that makesresearcher held this research.
R6.2: This research are designed to help the students to improve their english especially their speaking.
R6.3: The data were obtained by doing english test and from the questionnaire, and here is the procedure to obtain the data.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R6 wrote the passive voice incorrectly. The error of the third sentence is because it uses the auxiliary verb 'are' and the auxiliary verb 'were'. In the first and second sentences, the auxiliary verb that must be used is the auxiliary verb 'is' not 'are' because the subject of the sentence is singular. While for the third sentence the auxiliary verb that must be used is the auxiliary verb of the simple present tense not the simple past tense and also the axuliary verb that must be used 'is' because the subject of the sentence is singular not plural. So the sentence should be “In SMPN 1 Galut teaching English especially speaking is limited with media and method, this is the reason that makesresearcher held this research”, “This research is designed to help the students to improve their english especially their speaking”, “The data is obtained
by doing english test and from the questionnaire, and here is the procedure to obtain the data”
Extract 7
R7.1: Data collection techniques that will be used in this study is to use a questionnaire and test.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R7 wrote the passive voice incorrectly. The incorrect that is done in the sentence is the use of auxiliary verb.
The auxiliary verb that must be used in the sentence 'are' not ‘is’ because the subject of the sentence is plural. The sentence should be "Data collection techniques that will be used in this study are to use a questionnaire and test”.
Extract 8
R8.1: The following steps are use to collect the data from the reading test.
R8.2: This is done by giving some questions that will be prepare previously by researcher.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R8 wrote the passive sentence incorrectly. That's because the use of the verb used in the sentence is not a past participle. So the sentence should be “The following steps are used to collect the data from the reading test”, “This is done by giving some questions that will be preparedpreviously by researcher”.
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Extract 9
R9.1 : The writing test used to know the students performance on the use of verb phrase.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R9 wrote the passive sentence incorrectly. The mistake made in this sentence is not using the auxiliary verb 'is' in the sentence. The sentence should be"The writing test is used to know the students performance on the use of verb phrase".
Extract 10
R10.1 : The design of this research was to used one group pretest-posttest design.
R10.2 : The pre-test was given to the student before the treatment and post-test was given after treatment in order to check their reading achievement.
S10.3 :The technique and data analysis of this research were analyzed quantitatively employing statistical calculation.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R10 wrote the passive sentence incorrectly. The mistake he made from that sentence was an error in using the auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb that students should use in their sentences is the auxiliary verb from the simple present tense 'is' 'are' not the auxiliary verb from the simple past tense 'was' 'were'. The tense that should be used is the simple present tense not the simple past tense. "The design of this research is to used one group pretest-posttest design”, “The pre-testis given to the
student before the treatment and post-test is given after treatment in order to check their reading achievement”, “The technique and data analysis of this research areanalyzed quantitatively employing statistical calculation”.
b. Simple Future Tense
After analyzing the results of the student's proposal writing, the researcher found several mistakes made by students in writing passive sentences from the simple future tense, which were as follows:
Extract 11
R1.1: The test will be give in the form of pre test and post test.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R1 wrote the sentence incorrectly. The incorrect caused by the use of the verb. The verb that must be used in the sentence is the past participle. The sentence should be" The test will be given in the form of pre test and post test”.
Extract 12
R2.1: Interviews will be conduct through the Google Meet application, making it easier for researchers to observe the participants.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R2 wrote the passive sentence incorrectly. The incorrect that is made in the sentence is the use of the verb. The verb that must be used in the sentence is the past participle, not the simple verb. So the sentence should be" Interviews will be conducted through the
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Google Meet application, making it easier for researchers to observe the participants." so that it can be said to be a correct passive sentence.
Extract 13
R3.1: The research will limited this study at fifth semester students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.
R3.2: Interview will held to get extra data from the students
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R3 wrote the passive sentence incorrectly. The mistakes made from the two sentences are not using the auxiliary verb 'be' .The sentence should be"The research will be limited this study at fifth semester students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar”, “Interview will be held to get extra data from the students”
Extract 14
R4.1: The researcher will be usewriting test to collect the data.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R4 wrote the passive sentence incorrectly. The incorrect caused by the use of the verb used in the sentence. The verb that can be used in this sentence is the past participle. So the sentence should be " The researcher will be usedwriting test to collect the data”.
Extract 15
R7.1: The interview willconducted based on the result of the questionnaire.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that R7 wrote the passive voice incorrectly. The mistake made in the sentence is not using the auxiliary verb 'be' in the sentence. The sentence should be "The interview will be conducted based on the result of the questionnaire."
2. The Types of passive sentences made by the students’ correctly
Based on the data analysis of the students' writing results, it was found the correct passive sentences from simple present tense and simple future tense written by students in their academic writing were as follows:
a. Simple Present Tense
After analyzing the results of the student's proposal writing, the researcher found several correct sentence made by students in writing passive sentences in their academic writing, which were as follows:
Extract 16
R1.1 : This Study is expected to provide information for english education student concerning the knowledge of learning vocabulary.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R1 is correct because the sentence is in accordance with the existing formula (s+is/am/are+V3).
Extract 17
R2.1 : It is proven by some research conducted previously in the English Language Education Department.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R2 is correct because the sentence is structured according to the existing
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formula by using the subject, auxiliary verb and past participle. Although the sentence above does not use by agent but it can be said to be true.
Extract 18
R3.1 : This research is expected to contribute the world education.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R3 is correct because the sentence above already consists of the subject, auxiliary verb and the use of the verb used is also appropriate, namely by using the past participle.
Extract 19
R5.1 : Related qualitative research is used many scientific disciplines with a main focus on the human element of social and natural scients.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R5 is correct because the use of the subject, auxiliary verb and verb in the sentence is in accordance with the existing rules without any errors.
Extract 20
R6.1 : The habit of how the students speak is acquired by repeating words over and over again. Si it is important to correct the students when they pronounced a word wrongly.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R6 is correct without any errors because in the sentence it uses the subject, auxiliary verb and the verb used is also in accordance with using verb 3 in the sentence.
Extract 21
R7.1 : Documentation study is intended as a way to obtain data by collecting certain real notes, which are already available as sources of investigation.
R7.2 : Questionnaire is a research tool conducted by distributing a list of questions to obtain information from a number of respondents.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R7 is correct because the formula used in the sentence is in accordance with the existing formula.
b. Simple Future Tense
After analyzing the results of the student's proposal writing, the researcher found correct sentence made by students in writing passive sentences from the simple future tense, which were as follows:
Extract 22
R1.1 : The pretets is used to measure the students prior knowledge.
Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R1 is correct because it is structured according to the existing formula, consisting of the subject, auxiliary verb and verb 3. the use of the subject, auxiliary verb and verb in the sentence is all correct without an error was made.
Extract 23
R5.1 : When indonesian learners learn new language, linguistically the way they learn will be affected by both of their tribe and national languages.
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Based on the extract above, it can be seen that the passive sentence written by R3 is correct without any errors in the sentence, both from the use of the subject, auxiliary verb and the verb used.