Appendix A: Future Directions
A.7.3 Example for the Interaction of Structural, Aerodynamic,
10.1 Chitosan-Based Gels
10.1.3 Applications
10.1.3.5 Field-Responsive Materials
Chitosan-based gels consist of a positive charged network and a fl uid (e.g., water) that fi lls the interstitial space of the network.
Th e gels exhibit a variety of unique fi eld-responsive behaviors, such as electromechanical (EMC) phenomena.
EMC behavior deals with the contraction of polymers in an electric fi eld. Th e eff ect of an electric fi eld on polyelectrolyte hydrogels relates to the proton action of its alkaline amino groups
and the redistribution of mobile counter ions. Th e EMC behavior of chitosan and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in a 1.0 wt % NaCl solution in a 10 V electric fi eld is shown in Figure 10.13 [21].
Th e fi gure also shows that the reversible bending behavior of chitosan–PAN semi-IPN hydrogel depends on the application of the electric fi eld [82].
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