CHAPTER IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings
As previously explained, there are three research questions that guide this research. First, do the students feel anxious when speaking English. Second, what are the factors that cause their anxiety to speak. Third, what are the dominate factors that make the students feel anxious to speak. The following was a description of the research results related to each research question:
1. Do the students feel anxious when speaking English
In this research, researcher used questionnaire to obtain the data. The questionnaire consisted of 30 statements. There were 6 factors of anxiety and it was divided into 5 statements every factors, 3 statements positive and 2 statements negative. The participants of this research, those are all the F class in third semester academic year 2019/2020 English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. They were answered the questionnaire completely. There were 21 students that answered the questionnaire.
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There were several causes or factors that make the students anxious in speaking English, such as: Over self-prediction toward fear, Irrational faith, Over sensitivity toward threat, The sensitivity of anxiety, Wrong attribution body signal, Low self-efficacy.
The table below show the answer of the first question in problem statement:
Table 4.1
The Classification Result of Students Speaking Anxiety
Range Classification Result
117 - 158 Very Anxious -
101 - 116 Anxious 4 (19.05%)
80 - 100 Middy Anxious 14 (66.67%)
59 - 79 Relaxed 3 (14.28%)
30 - 59 Very Relaxed -
From the table above, the result of this research confirmed that certain situation could trigger anxiety to speaking English in the class. So, it could be concluded that there are four students who still felt anxious when speaking English in the class.
2. The factors that cause their anxiety to speak
As researcher mention before there were six factors causes the students feel anxious to speaking English in the class. In this part, the researcher was showed the result of each indicators in this research, there were:
Table 4.2
Over Self-Prediction Toward Fear
No Questionnaire Over Self-prediction toward Fear
SD % D % N % A % SA %
1 I am confident when it is better to speak in English than the local language.
2 9.53 7 33.34 2 9.53 6 28.57 4 19.04
8 I feel fear to answer my friends’ questions using English.
1 4.76 6 28.57 5 23.81 9 42.86 - -
16 I am confident when speaking English in front of the class.
1 4.76 6 28.57 6 28.57 7 33.34 1 4.76
21 I never feel fear to answer my friends question using English.
3 14.28 11 52.38 3 14.28 4 19.04 - -
30 I am not confident when it is better to speak in English than the local language.
- - 6 28.57 5 23.81 8 38.09 2 9.53
Mean Score 1.58 8.16 4.76 7.70 1.58
From the table above shows that 1.58 out of students choose Strongly Disagree. 8.16 choose Disagree. 4.76 choose Neutral. 7.70 choose Agree and 1.58 out of students choose Strongly Agree. Data above explain that most of students choose Disagree because they though using English to speak made them unconfident and over self-prediction.
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Table 4.3 Irrational Faith
No Questionnaire Irrational Faith
SD % D % N % A % SA %
2 I feel nervous when speaking English in the class.
1 4.76 1 4.76 9 42.86 9 42.86 1 4.76
7 My heart breath fast when lecturer ask me to come forward the class to tell something in English suddenly.
1 4.76 6 28.57 - - 12 57.14 2 9.53
15 I feel good when speaking English in front of the class.
1 4.76 5 23.81 8 38.09 7 33.34 - -
19 I feel relax when I speaking English in the class.
3 14.28 4 19.04 8 38.09 6 28.57 - -
28 My heart not breath fast when my lecturer ask me to come forward the class to tell something in English suddenly.
1 4.76 8 38.09 6 28.57 6 28.57 - -
Mean Score 1.58 5.44 7.02 9.07 0.68
From the table above shows that 1.58 of students choose Strongly Disagree. 5.44 choose Disagree. 7.02 choose Neutral. 9.07 choose Agree and 0.68 of students choose Strongly Agree. Data above explain that mostly students choose Agree because they could control their suggestion for themselves that it has not disturb their plan or avoid their behavior.
Table 4.4
Over Sensitivity toward Threat
No Questionnaire Over Sensitivity toward Threat
SD % D % N % A % SA %
3 Eye contact from my lecturer make me
nervous when
speaking in front of the class.
- - 4 19.04 5 23.81 10 47.62 2 9.53
10 Eye contact views from my friends make me nervous when speaking in front of the class.
- - 4 19.04 5 23.81 11 52.38 1 4.76
18 Eye contact from my friend makes me feel comfortable to speak in front of the class.
- - 7 33.34 4 19.04 4 19.04 - -
23 I feel comfortable when my friends pay attention to me when I speak in front of class.
- - 20 95.23 4 19.04 5 23.81 - -
29 I feel confident when my lecturer pay attention to me when I speak in front of class.
- - 15 71.42 6 28.57 8 38.09 - -
Mean Score - 11.33 5.44 8.61 0.68
From the table above shows that none of students choose Strongly Disagree. 11.33 choose Disagree. 5.44 choose Neutral. 8.61 choose Agree and 0.68 choose Strongly Agree. Data above explain that most of students choose Disagree because they felt trembling or afraid when they speaking English in front of class.
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Table 4.5
The Sensitivity of Anxiety
No Questionnaire The Sensitivity of Anxiety
SD % D % N % A % SA %
4 I feel fear when my lecturer ask me to re- tell the material in English language later in the class.
- - 7 33.34 6 28.57 8 38.09 - -
9 I feel anxious when my lecturer ask me to re-tell the material in English language later in the class.
2 9.53 4 19.04 4 19.04 9 42.86 2 9.53
14 I am not feel anxious when my lecturer ask me to re-tell the material in English language later in the class.
- - 8 38.09 9 42.86 4 19.04 - -
22 I am not feel fear when my lecturer ask me to re-tell the material in English language later in the class.
1 4.76 8 38.09 7 33.34 5 23.81 - -
27 I am not feel anxious when I speaking English and make a mistake.
1 4.76 4 19.04 8 38.09 8 38.09 - -
Mean Score 0.90 7.02 7.70 7.70 0.45
From the table above shows that 0.90 choose Strongly Disagree. 7.02 choose Disagree. 7.70 choose Neutral. 7.70 choose Agree and 0.45 choose
Strongly Agree. Data above explain that most of students choose Neutral and Agree because they felt normally and did not felt fear or panic in every situation when they spoke English in speaking class.
Table 4.6
Wrong Attribution Body Signal
No Questionnaire Wrong Attribution Body Signal
SD % D % N % A % SA %
5 My body sweat advance in front of the class when I present material in English.
3 14.28 8 38.09 5 23.81 4 19.04 1 4.76
12 I feel breath unstable when come forward tell something in English.
1 4.76 6 28.57 7 33.34 6 28.57 1 4.76
17 My breath still stable when I present material in English.
2 9.53 2 9.53 10 47.62 6 28.57 1 4.76
20 I am not feel tremble when I come forward tell something in English.
3 14.28 6 28.57 7 33.34 5 23.81 - -
26 Some people sweat a lot when they present material in English suddenly, but I am not feel like that.
- - - - 14 66.66 7 33.34 - -
Mean Score 2.04 4.98 9.75 6.34 0.68
From the table above shows that 2.04 of students choose Strongly Disagree. 4.98 choose Disagree. 9.75 choose Neutral. 6.34 choose Agree and 0.68 choose Strongly Agree. Data above explain that most of students
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choose Neutral because they felt breath normally when they speaking English.
Table 4.7 Low Self-efficacy
No Questionnaire
Percentage of Low Self Efficacy
SD % D % N % A % SA %
6 Result of low score values make me feel unsure about speaking English fluently.
1 4.76 11 52.38 5 23.81 4 19.04 - -
13 Getting unsatisfactory results makes me unsure of my English abilities.
3 14.28 8 38.09 7 33.34 3 14.28 - -
11 Low score doesn't make me feel like stop to learning English.
3 14.28 3 14.28 6 28.57 7 33.34 2
24 I feel confident about my English skills even though my English scores are low.
1 4.76 4 19.04 6 28.57 10 47.62 - -
25 High score will make me more diligent in learning English.
1 4.76 1 4.76 3 14.28 11 52.38 5 23.81
Mean Score 2.04 6.12 6.12 7.93 1.13
From the table above shows that 2.04 of students choose Strongly Disagree. 6.12 choose Disagree. 6.12 choose Neutral. 7.93 choose Agree and 1.13 out of students choose Strongly Agree. Data above explain that most of students choose Agree because they felt confident to perform in speaking class.
3. The dominant factors that make the students feel anxious to speak From the classification questionnaire of the students for each indicators above, the researcher could answered the problem statement in this research that was the dominant factors that make the students felt anxious.
There were 30 statements in the questionnaire and it was divided into 2 parts, there was positive statements and negative statements. Positive statements more dominant than negative statements. The researcher made a conclusion by dividing 6 factors of anxiety: Over self-prediction toward fear, Irrational faith, Over sensitivity toward threat, The sensitivity of anxiety, Wrong attribution body signal, and Low self-efficacy.
Table 4.8
Dominant Factor of Anxiety
No Factors of Anxiety Mean Score
1 Over Sensitivity toward Threat 11.33
2 Wrong Attribution Body Signal 9.75
3 Irrational Faith 9.07
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4 Over Self-prediction toward fear 8.16
5 Low Self-efficacy 7.93
6 The Sensitivity of Anxiety 7.70
Based on the table 4.7, the results show the dominant factor of anxiety. Mostly students chose “Disagree” in “over sensitivity toward threat” because they always though that there is something will happen that makes them felt afraid and it make them anxious to speaking fluently.