CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Findings
This chapter described about the types and classification of errors that found in the abstracts of English Departments students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The research data were took from the thesis abstracts of the English Department Students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar from the year 2014/2015 from even and odd semester.
1. The Types of Grammatical Error in Thesis Abstracts
In this study, the researcher used surface strategy taxonomy. The researcher identified the types of grammatical errors and classified them into four aspects : Ommision, Addition, Misordering, and Misformation.
Here were the grammatical errors found in 15 thesis abstracts’ made by English Education Department students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.
47 a. Omission
The analysis of errors in omission were listed on the table below:
Table 4.1. Omission Classification
No. Identification of Error Classification of
Error Reconstruction of Error
1.
[... the students’ vocabulary in__seventh grade of MTs Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar
Omission
[...the students’
vocabulary in the seventh grade of MTs Muallimin MuhammadiyahMakassar.
2.
Therefore, the Alternative was accepted and__ Null Hypothesis was rejected.
Omission
Therefore, the Alternative was accepted and the Null Hypothesis was rejected.
3.
[... was class A until class C at__Eight Grade students of...]
Omission
[... was class A until class C at the Eight Grade students of...].
4.
The class divide into 2 class who consisted of 60 students at...]
Omission
The class divide into 2 classes who consisted of 60 students at...].
5.
[... mental block in public Speaking class at __ fifth semester...]
Omission
[... mental block in public Speaking class at the fifth semester...].
6. [... identifying about ABC News at __Eleventh Grade
Omission [... identifying about ABC News at the Eleventh
47 of SMA Harapan Bhakti
Makassar.
Grade of SMA Harapan Bhakti Makassar.
7.
[... students motivation and self confidence in__eleven grade at SMA
Muhammadiyah 1 UNISMUH Makassar...]
Omission
[... students motivation and self confidence in the eleven grade at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 UNISMUH Makassar...]
8.
The subject of this research consisted of 33 students at _ eleventh grade MIA 1 of SMAN 5 Barru.
Omission
The subject of this research consisted of 33 students at the eleventh grade MIA 1 of SMAN 5 Barru.
9.
The research participant were 20 students and 2 lecturers in __first semester of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.
Omission
The research participant were 20 students and 2 lecturers in the first semester of English Department
Muhammadiyah
University of Makassar.
10. [...between pre-test and
post-test of __ students Omission [...between pre-test and post-test of the students.
47 b. Addition
The analysis of errors in addition were listed on the table below:
Table 4.2. Addition Classification
No. Identification of Error Classification of
Error Reconstruction of Error
1.
- [... This research aimed to find out is the
implementation...]
Addition
- [... This research aimed to find out the
implementation...]
2
[... sampling technique and the total of number of sample was ...]
Addition
[... sampling technique and the total number of sample was ...]
3.
[... students of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Makassar of which
consisted of 24 students...]
Addition
[... students of SMP Muhammadiyah 1
Makassar which consisted of 24 students...]
47 c. Misordering
The analysis of errors in misordering were listed on the table below:
Table 4.3. Misordering Classification
No. Identification of Error Classification of
Error Reconstruction of Error
1.
They believed that the giving of values was very beneficial...]
Misordering
They believed that giving the values was very beneficial...]
2
[...in feel anxious ad
difficulty to speak...] Misordering
[...in feel anxious and difficulty to speak...]
3.
[... it also was improved
significantly...] Misordering
[... it was also improved significantly...]
4.
Collecting the data of the research, the researcher used questioner...]
Misordering
The data collection of the research, the researcher used questioner...]
47 d. Misformation
The analysis of errors in misformstion were listed on the table below:
Table 4.4. Misformation Classification
No. Identification of Error Classification of
Error Reconstruction of Error 1. The subject of the research
is the...] Misformation
The subject of the research was the...].
2.
The checklist table uses to analyzed the English textbook...]
Misformation
The checklist table used to analysis the English textbook...].
3.
[... that are sixteen speaking materials found from...]
Misformation
[... that were sixteen speaking materials found from...]
5. [... to be use in the learning
process. Misformation
[... to be used in the learning process.
6.
[... is the implementation of baby Nenes Youtube Channel..]
Misformation
[... was the
implementation of baby Nenes Youtube Channel..]
7.
This research aim to improve students vocabulary dealing...]
Misformation
This research aimed to improve students vocabulary dealing...].
47 8.
It can conclude that the use of English Area and
Punishment Method...]
Misformation
It could conclude that the used of English Area and Punishment Method...].
9. This study aims to analyze
how...] Misformation
This studied aimed to analysis how...]
10.
[...by giving of values they could find out their
learning...]
Misformation
[...by giving of values they could found out their learning...].
11.
[...so that when teachers
give low scores they...] Misformation
[...so that when teachers gave low scores they...].
12.
[...scores they can improve
their abilities and...] Misformation
“[...scores they could improved their abilities and...]
13.
From this research, it can be conclude that
students...]
Misformation
From this research, it could be conclude that students...].
14.
[... students are more familiar with the use of refences and...]
Misformation
[... students were more familiar with the used of refences and...]
15.
[...globalization and modification today are experiencing rapid development.
Misformation
[...globalization and modification today were experiencing rapid development.
16.
[...the quality of Human Resources (HR) can be done by means...]
Misformation
[...the quality of Human Resources (HR) could be done by means...]
17. [... has aimed create a Misformation [... has aimed created a
47 superior school, innovative
and creative...]
superior school,
innovative and creative...]
18.
[...They feel anxious and difficulty to speak English...]
Misformation
[...They felt anxious and difficulty to speak English...]
19. [...to the lack of vocabulary that they have
Misformation [...to the lack of
vocabulary that they had
20.
This study aims to find out the use of ABC News in Improving students listening skill..]
Misformation
This study aimed to find out the used of ABC News in Improving students listening skill..].
21.
It was prove by the mean score of ABC News in monolog...]
Misformation
It was proved by the mean score of ABC News in monolog...].
22.
[...The study was
conducted to answer what motivation do the
students...]
Misformation
[...The study was
conducted to answer what motivation did the
students...].
23.
[... at SMA Muhammadiyah 1
UNISMUH Makassar are quite good
Misformation
[... at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 UNISMUH Makassar were quite good.
24. It meant that there was a significant difference
Misformation It meant that there was the significant difference
25.
[...the researcher concluded that by using animation film as a media can...]
Misformation
[...the researcher
concluded that by using animation film as a media could...].
47 26.
[...there are 2 penalties applied by the lecturer namely...]
Misformation
[...there were 2 penalties applied by the lecturer namely...].
27.
The most effective penalty is absence or attendence record which...]
Misformation
The most effective penalty was absence or attendance record which...].
28.
The purpose of this research find out the correlation ...]
Misformation
The purpose of this research found out the correlation ...].
29.
[... it found that level significance is 0,872 which means...]
Misformation
[... it found that level significance was 0,872 which means...].
30.
The result of the data show that there a difference between...]
Misformation
The result of the data show that there the difference between...].
31.
The research instrument was a vocabulary test consisting of 10 multiple choice...]
Misformation
The research instrument was a vocabulary test consisted of 10 multiple choice...].
32.
[...that the Null Hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (H1) is accepted.
Misformation
[...that the Null Hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the
Alternative Hypothesis (H1) was accepted.
33.
Therefore, the hypothesis of this research can be conclude...]
Misformation
Therefore, the hypothesis of this research could be conclude...].
47 34.
This thesis aims to find out whether the Board Race Method ...]
Misformation
This thesis aimed to find out whether the Board Race Method ...]
The most common errors in this research were in the category of misformation error dealing with the tenses in English grammar. In this research, the writer found the pattern that most of the error were made: subject and verb agreement. The writer or sentence producer often produce the sentences that the subject and the verb were not grammatically acceptable. This kind of pattern appeared in the most of the error sentences. Generally, the content of the abstracts made by English Department students of Muhammadyah University of Makassar could be understood clearly and didn’t made the reader confused about what they want to delivered. Although there were some errors in grammar, it doesn’t made the reader had their own assumption or hypothesis about the content. Those errors didn’ t changed the whole understood and meaning of the abstract.
From the data analysis above, the researcher got the frequency of the errors commonly found in the abstracts. The result of the research in the chart as followed:
47
Figure 4.1 The frequency of grammatical error in the abstract
The chart above showed that there were several errors in the abstract. The errors were 10 items (20%) of omisson errors, 3 items (5%) for additon error, 4 items (8%) for misordering error, and 34 items (67%) of misformation errors. Moreover, the most grammatical errors found in the abstracts at English Departments students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar was misformation errors with 34 items or 67%.
2. The Causes of Grammatical Error In Thesis Abstracts Table 4.5. The Causes of Error
No. The Causes of Grammatical Error
1. Carelessness It was often closely related to lack of motivation
Omission 20%
Addition 5%
Misordering 8%
Misformation 67%
Grammatical Error
47
2. First language interference It was matter of habit formation.
3. Translation
It was the first language sentence or idiomatic expression in to the target language word by word.
Based on the table, the researcher found the causes of grammatical error in thesis abstract made by English Department students of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar there were carelessness, first language interference, and translation.
The researcher took five sentence as the sample of errors to explained the causes of grammatical error. The samples were selected based on how clearly the sentence can showed the errors causes.
a. Carelessness
Carelessness was the main part of error occured. Here were the sentences :
“[... the students’ vocabulary in__seventh grade of MTs Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar.” (ABS 2)
The utterance should be:
“[...the students’ vocabulary in the seventh grade of MTs Muallimin Muhammadiyah Makassar.” (ABS 2)
“[... mental block in public Speaking class at __ fifth semester...].” (ABS 8) The utterance should be:
“[... mental block in public Speaking class at the fifth semester...].” (ABS 8) The sentence was indicated as carelessness because the writer missed the article “the” for a spesific thing, name or place. The sentence needed an article to be
47 a correct sentence.
b. First Language Interference
First Language Interference or mother tongue also caused error. Here was the sentence :
“[... it also was improved significantly...]” (ABS 4) The utterance should be:
“[... it was also improved significantly...]” (ABS 4)
The sentence was indicated as first language interference. The writer still used the Indonesian language structure, so teh sentence did not made sense according to English sentence structure.
c. Translation
Translation was also one of the causes of error. Here were the sentences :
“[... This research aimed to find out is the implementation...]” (ABS 2) The utterance should be:
“[... This research aimed to find out the implementation...]” (ABS 2)
“[... sampling technique and the total of number of sample was ...]” (ABS 7) The utterance should be:
“[... sampling technique and the total number of sample was ...]” (ABS 7) The sentence was indicated as translation. Because the writer translated his first language sentence in to the target language word by word.
47