CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
B. Framework of Thinking
To support the analyst that will be present, the writers need to look at some criticism and theories from the critic and experts. Those can be used as a basis in answering the problem formulated, besides to have more understanding of the novel itself. Chesterton, Wilson and Walder have given their critical options on the work. Those criticisms provide different perspectives in viewing the work.
Since this research discussed the main character development and the help others it necessary to find out theory of character and characterization. The writer collects some data to analyze the novel. The writer used the theory of character and characterization form Abrams, Elizabeth Sky, Gill, and Roger B.
Henkle to analyze the character and characterization theory.
The writer also reads and collects some crucial data and materials from some previous research that analyze the same novel and topic. They are Theresia Erwindiani (2000), Susan Sunarsih (2002).
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The focus of this study is the main character development of Mr. Albert Ebenezer Scrooge. This chapter presents time and location research, method of the research, population and sample, technique of data collection, research instrument, technique of data analysis related studies to support the analysis. The writer collects as much data as possible to support this study.
1. Research approach
The approach of this study is a behavior change of Mr. Albert Ebenezer Scrooge who is the main character of the novel. The writer uses a physiological approach in this study. This physiological approach is applied to help the writer to analyze Scrooge behavior change and the influence of Marley gosh and the three spirit. The physiological approach is use to explain human personality, motivation and behavior ( Rohrberger & Wood, 2010,pp. 13-15). By using the physiological approach, the writer can see Scrooge’s behavior increase his personal relationship so it help the writer answer the behavior change.
2. Research Technique
Research technique of this study was literary work. The Novel A Christmas Carol Author by Charles Dickens, the novel contains 154 pages and was published in London by Chapman and Hall in 1843. There are many editions of A Christmas carol. The first edition was published on December 19,1843 by Chapman and Hall, in London. The second edition was published in 1843. And Three editions all dated 1843 were published before the new year of 1844. Two additional leaves are bound in the rear of this volume stating that this book belonged to Eugenie Field and signed by Eugenie Field's son and wife and notarized on Dec. 20, 1929. The last edition was published in 1920.
3. Focus and Sub Focus of the Research
The focus on this research is to analyze the human values in general and the meaning of the message from this novel which is the object of the research. The focus of the research stages includes the main character analysis in the novel a Christmas Carol. The aspects will be described and explained in sequence to obtain the meaning from the novel.
4. Research instrument
Instrument is a tool used by researchers to help them collect data and to make it more systematic and easier. Here, the instrument is the writer herself. Sugiyono (2015:222) stated that in qualitative research, the instrument is the researchers themselves. The researcher as a human instrument needs to be validated on their ability in conducting research. The validity of human instruments includes understanding qualitative research, knowledge mastery in the research field, the researcher’s readiness to get into the research object (Sugiyono, 2015:305). It is also necessary to take notes as other instruments to directly write down the information obtained during the process of data collection.
5. Technique of Data Collection
Technique and data collection, in this study the writer tries to analyze the data that had been collected briefly. The analysis aimed to get valid data is appropriate with the research problem. There are some steps to collecting the data analysis as follows:
a. After collecting the data, the writer tried to review the data the writer had collected.
b. Classifying the data and dealing with the problem statement
c. Analyzing the data that explained the aspect of the main character's personality based on the statement of the problem in the Novel.
d. Drawing the conclusion after the data have been analyzed.
6. Technique of Data Analysis.
After collecting the data then analyzing them. In qualitative research, technique analysis data is used to answer the formulation of the problem.
Content analysis reviews forms of human communication including books, newspapers, and movies as well as other forms in order to identify patterns, themes, or biases. It means content analysis is away from making conclusions and to identifying the message that tries to be conveyed in the object.
1. Identification.
In the study, the researcher uses qualitative research, in which the data are analyzed through identification.
2. Classification.
After the data were identified, the researcher classified the data based on events that corresponded to the reflection of the psychology of the main character of Charles Dickens Novel A Christmas Carol.
3. Analysis, describing and explaining.
The researcher has analyzed, described, and explained data based on the theory that underpins this research on the psychology of the main character in the novel.
The result of this research was therefore present in an analytical descriptive, which first described the facts and then analyzed them.
CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
“A Christmas Carol” is one of Charles Dickens’s novels, published simultaneously in England in 1843. His novel is a work of fiction. Related to the title of the writer's study and the problems stated in chapter I, this chapter discusses the physical appearance, personality, social status, and social relationship of the main characters. In this novel there are two main characters, namely: Ebenezer Scrooge and Tiny Tim.