physical and spiritual condition. Social factors are the factors that come from external, namely environmental conditions.
a. Internal Factors
Internal factors are factors that come from within students who are studying including three aspects such as: physical conditions, psychological factors, and fatigue factors. The researcher explains each of these factors is follows:
1. Physical Aspects a. Health Aspect
Healthy means ‘in a good condition physically and free from any diseases’. General physical condition and muscle tension that mark the level of fitnessorgans and joints, can affect the spirit and intensitystudents in following the lesson. The condition of the body's organs are weak, especially ifaccompanied by severe headaches, for example, can reduce the quality of the realm of creativity(cognitive) so that the material he learns is lacking or has no trace.
Someone’s health gives impacts to someone’s lifelong learning. A learning process will not be successfully accomplished when someone is in a bad condition. They will easily get tired, lack enthusiasm and impaired function of their senses and body.
Therefore, it’s necessary to keep the body healthy by always managing schedule of working, studying, sleeping, eating, recreation and worship in order to study well.
b. Disability
Disability is something that causes less good or imperfections regarding to the body. Disability includes: blind, half blind, deaf, half deaf, broken legs, broken arms, paralyzed and so on. Children with disabilities or
often referred to as children with special needs are children who in the process of growth or development experience significant abnormalities or deviations compared to other children of their age.Students with learning disability must be taken to a special educational institution or seek assistance in order to facilitate their study.19
For the parents, the primary concern is their child's health and future.
As a parent, they can help their child develop their strengths and get the right support to overcome their challenges. Every child has unique needs, but with the right support, children with learning disabilities can live the life they want.
2. Psychological Aspects a. Interest
Interest can be defined by the tendency to respond in a certain way to those around it. Interest can be interpreted as a condition that occurs when a person sees the characteristics or temporary meaning of a situation that is associated with his own desires or needs. So that what someone has seen will certainly arouse someone's interest as far as what has been seen by himand related to its interests.
According to Slameto, "interest is a feeling of preference and a sense of interest in something or activity, without being told to do it. Interest is basically the acceptance of a relationship between oneself and something outside oneself. Kartini Kartono explained that, "interest is a moment of tendency that is directed intensively towards an object that is considered important. Interest is closely related to personality, and always contains affective or feeling, cognitive and volitional elements.
19Slameto, BelajardanFaktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya, ( Jakarta: RinekaCipta, 2003), 55.
The definition of interest according to Winkel in the Psychology Teaching book defines, "interest is the tendency of a settled subject to feel interested in a particular field of study or subject and feel happy studying the material".
According to Ahmad Susanto, "interest is an encouragement from within a person or a factor that generates interest or attention effectively, which causes the choice of an object or activity that is profitable, enjoyable and over time will bring satisfaction to him".
In other word, interest is a high and great tendency or desire for something. Interest has a big influence on learning because if the subject is not interesting for students, they will not be interested to study.
From some of the definitions above it can be concluded that interest is a tendency of an individual who is full of mental activity, and attempts to manifest in a real attitude, steady in activity and feel the need to achieve it.
Interest is shown by attention, liking, involvement and a person's interest in something that is shown by student participation, student desire to study well and student attention to subject matter actively and seriously. Interest has a big influence on learning activities.
With interest, it will give them a longer time to concentrate. So students who have an interest will always keep their concentration on the lesson. Interest plays an important role in making thinking decisions and determining directions in all activities including in the learning process.
Student interest is also shown by feelings of like and dislike towards the subject. Students who are interested and have certain needs in a field of study
then these students tend to always like certain subjects. And the student will have satisfaction if the lesson is able to provide interest for him.
So what is meant by interest in learning is a psychological symptom found in a person by showing several symptoms such as: passion, willingness, involvement, desire, feeling like to carry out the process of changing behavior through various activities which include seeking knowledge and experience.
b. Intelligence
We often find that there are people who are fast, agile and skilled in a relatively short time able to complete the tasks and jobs they face. Vice versa, many people in completing tasks, the problems they face require a relatively long time. Some are even slow and unable to complete their work.
One factor that determines this is the level of intelligence of the person. The term intelligence has become a common language for society. It's just that some people call it intelligence, ingenuity, cleverness, skill and other terms which in principle mean the same.
Intelligence is an abstract concept that is difficult to define satisfactorily. Until now, there is still no universally accepted definition of intelligence. Nevertheless, of the many definitions of intelligence formulated by experts, in general it can be put into one of the following three classifications: (1) the ability to adapt to the environment, adapt to new situations or face very difficult situations. diverse; (2) the ability to learn or the capacity to receive education; and (3) the ability to think abstractly, use abstract concepts and make extensive use of symbols and concepts
Intelligence is askill that consists of three types, namely the ability to deal with and adapt to a new situation quickly and effectively, to know/use abstract concepts actively, and to know relationships and learn them quickly.
The illustration of a child with high intelligence is anillustration of a smart student, a student who always goes to class with good grades, or a student who is top notch in his class. Even this picture extends to the physical image, namely the image of a child whose face is clean, well-dressed, his eyes shine, or glasses. On the other hand, children with low intelligence, and more open mouths, are accompanied by confused looks.
Among the behavioral characteristics that have been indirectly agreed upon as a sign of having high intelligence, among others, are the ability to understand and solve problems quickly, the ability to remember, high creativity, and a developed imagination.Intelligence has the big impact for learning. In this situation, students who have a high level of intelligence will be more successful in learning than students who have lower intelligence.
c. Attention
Attention is a mental process when stimuli or a series of stimuli become prominent in consciousness when other stimuli weaken. Attention occurs when we concentrate on one of our senses, and override inputs through other senses. According to Dr. Aryan Ardhana, mindfulness is an activity of the soul. Attention can be defined as the process of focusing on the phases or elements of experience and ignoring the others. Drs. Dakir stated that mindfulness is the activity of increasing awareness in focusing on things both within and outside of ourselves.
Attention is closely related to the soul's awareness of an object that is reacted at a certain time. According to Abu Ahmadi, attention is the activity of the soul that is directed to an object, both inside and outside himself. The attention is related to needs, and the symptoms of attention are related to other mental functions. According to Purwadarminta, attention is an interest or thing (action). According to J.S. Badudu and Sutan Mohammad Zain, attention is interest (what one likes) and attention is concern or readiness to pay attention.
From some of the opinions mentioned above, it can be concluded that attention is the concentration of thoughts, feelings and wills that are carried out deliberately and concentrated by individuals aimed at objects to obtain clarity from the object being considered.
Attention is the heightened activity of the soul, fixed on an object or group of objects. To ensure good learning outcomes, the students must pay attention to the subjects they are studying. If the subjects cannot catch students’ attention, they will get bored that can disturb their learning process.
d. Talent
Talent implies innate ability which is a potential (potential ability) that still needs further development and training. Due to its potential or latent nature, talent is a potential that still requires serious and systematic efforts to develop and train so that it can be realized. Talent is different from ability (ability) which implies the power to do something, as a result of innate and training.
According to Conny Semiawan and Utami Munandar, special talent is an innate ability in the form of special potential and if you get the opportunity
to develop properly, it will appear as a special ability in a certain field according to its potential.
Talent in general implies innate ability which is a potential that still needs further development and training. talent Because of its nature which is still potential or latent, it is a potential that still requires serious and systematic development and training endeavors in order to be realized. Talent is different from ability which means the power to do something, as a result of innate and training. Talent is also different from capacity, namely when the exercise is carried out optimally. Capabilities that can be developed in the future
Talent is also a factor that affects process and outcomes of learning. If the subject learned by the students is in line with their talent, the result will be better because the students are more passionate in learning.
e. Motive
Motivation is a set of attitudes and values that influence individuals to achieve specific things according to individual goals. These attitudes and values are an individual invisible in achieving goals that provide strength to encourage n. In addition, motivation can be interpreted as an individual's encouragement to take action because they want to do it. If individuals are motivated, they will make positive choices to do something because it can satisfy their desires according to them.
Learning’s motivation is an encouragement that arises both from within and from outside the student, which is able to generate enthusiasm and enthusiasm for learning and provide direction to learning activities so that the desired goals can be achieved. It is closely related to the goals that will be
achieved. To achieve that goal, the students must do something and the cause to do something as the support is the motive itself.
Motive encourages humans to act, so as a mover or motor that releases energy. Motivation in this case is the driving force of every activity to be carried out, determining the direction of action, namely towards the goal to be achieved. Thus, motivation can provide direction and activities that must be carried out in accordance with the formulation of objectives and select actions, namely determining what actions must be carried out in harmony in order to achieve goals, by setting aside actions that are not useful for that purpose.
Motive gives big impacts in learning process because a strong motive can be implemented with habits and strong environments.
f. Attitude
An individual is very closely related to each of his attitudes as his personal characteristics. Attitude in general is often interpreted as an action taken by an individual to respond to something. The definition of attitude is explained by Saifudin Azwar, attitude is defined as a reaction or response that arises from an individual towards an object which then raises the individual's behavior towards the object in a certain way.
It is a tendency to respond in a relatively fixed manner towards both of positive and bad objects. In can be concluded that if the students act positively to the teacher and the subjects they taught, it will be a good indication for learning process.
Campbell argues that attitude is "a syndrome of response consistency with regard to social objects". That is, attitude is a set of consistent responses
to social objects. The emphasis on the consistency of this response gives an emotional charge to the definition put forward by Campbell. Attitude is not only a tendency to respond that is obtained from experience but the attitude of the response must be consistent. Experience provides an opportunity for individuals to learn.
Aiken added that "A learned predisposition or tendency on the part of an individual to respond positively or negatively with moderate intensity and reasonable intensity to some object, situation, concept, or other person".
Attitude is a learned predisposition or tendency of an individual to respond positively or negatively with moderate and/or adequate intensity to objects, situations, concepts or other people.
The definition put forward by Aiken is already more active and operational both in terms of the mechanism of occurrence and the intensity of the attitude itself. Predisposition directed towards objects is obtained from the learning process. The definition above seems consistent in placing attitude as a predisposition or tendency that determines an individual's response to an object. This predisposition or tendency is obtained by the individual from the learning process, while the object of attitude can be objects, situations, and people.
The formation and change of a person's attitude can be determined by two factors, namely factors that come from within the individual (internal) in the form of being selective to accept and process influences that come from outside, and factors from outside (external) in the form of circumstances or conditions that come from outside.
Attitude can be said as a response. The response will only arise when the individual is faced with a symptom that requires an individual reaction.
This form of response is referred to as an evaluative response. Evaluative responses are based on an evaluation process within the individual which will provide a conclusion of value in the form of good or bad, positive or negative, pleasant or unpleasant, likes or dislikes which then forms a potential reaction to an attitude object.
From some of the definitions above, it can be concluded that attention is an activity carried out by someone who is focused on an object or a group of objects. Student attention in learning, namely student activities carried out in class that is focused on ongoing learning (no other activities carried out by students).
Individual results come from the interaction of individuals with individuals, as well as individuals with groups. The relationship between individual attitudes towards the environment can be in the form of: 1.
Individuals reject the environment 2. Individuals accept the environment 3.
Individuals are neutral b. External Factors
To achieve learning success, the environment is one of the supporting factors.
A comfortable learning room and environment can make it easier for students to focus more on learning. By preparing the right environment, students will get better results and can feel the learning process carried out by students. The environment in a general sense is things or something that can affect human development. Influential in a meaningful sense, and plays a role in the growth and development of students.
The benefit of an engaged learning environment is the classroom becomes the community where learning takes place. This sense of community allows students to feel connected to each other and their teachers and to engage in collaborative and active learning. Students not only learn through logical thinking, but explore learning in ways that engage relevant emotions and interests. It also allows formore individualized learning, with each student learning at a pace that is appropriate for their own development.
Similar to internal factors, external factors consist of two factors; social environmental factor and non-social environmental factors.
1. Social Environmental Factors
Social environment at the school is like teacher, staff administration and whole classmates. In the world of education, the term teacher is not a new thing. In old term, the teacher is a human figure who should be admired and imitated. Digugu is the sense of everythinghis words are trustworthy. Ditiru or to be imitated means all of their behavior must be able to give example or role model for society.
New developments towards the teaching and learning perspective have consequences to teachers to improve their roles and competencies because of the learning processteaching and student learning outcomes are largely determined by roles and competenciesteacher. Competent teachers will be better able to manage their classes so that learning outcomes students are at optimal level.20
The role of a teacher is very significant in the teaching and learning process. Teacher's rolein the teaching and learning process
20Arianti, Peranan Guru DalamMeningkatkanMotivasiBelajarSiswa, JurnalPendidikan: Didaktika Vol. 12 No. 2, December 2018, 118
includes many things such as teachers, class managers,supervisor, motivator, consular, explorer, etc.
The teachers who show sympathetic attitude and behavior, being good figures can be a driving force for students learning activities.
Moreover, the environment that also can influence students learning activities comes from students’ own family, the characteristics of parents;
family management so that family has a good or bad impact to their children’s learning activities.
2. Non-social environmental Factors
Factors including non-social environments are school building location, learning facilities, weather condition and learning time used by the learners. These factors are considered as the indicators of students’
learning success. Facilities are equipment or equipment that are directly used and to support the educational process, especially the teaching and learning process, such as room buildings, tables, chairs, and learning media tools.21
As Muhibbin Syah explains that study in the morning is more effective than in other times because study in a good condition will give a better result than study in a bad condition.22 From those factors above, the researcher agrees that having a good lifelong learning, high motivation, and good condition will reflect a good result in learning whether from the inside or the outside.
21Amah, Nik, PengaruhFasilitasSekolahTerhadapHasilBelajarAkuntasi, JurnalPendidikanAkuntansi IKIP PGRI Madiun, 2
22MuhibbinSyah, PsikologidenganPendekatanBaru, ( Jakarta: RinekaCipta, 2004),138.
3. Family Factors
The family is a collection of several people who, being bound by one lineage, understand and stand as one right union, and wish to strengthen that union together for the glory of all its members.
Based on this understanding, the researcher gives a definition that the family is a social group consisting of father, mother and children, where the social ties between family members are relatively fixed andbased on marital ties, blood that has and is imbued with a sense of affection and shared responsibility.
For children, family is the first place to grow up mentally and physically. Therefore, children who are learning will receive the effect from their family like the parents’ teaching, relationship among the family member and their socio-economic status.
Education in the family is not also seen in learning outcomes that are direct and in their short-term form but also designed in the long term goals for the educational goals of their children. With the process and pattern of education in the family that always interacts in the form of a learning process and takes place continuously throughout human life.
a. The way parents teach
Parents are the child's closest environment, apart from the people around him. Parents and children who are in an environmental condition are the nuclear family. The family is the first and foremost environment that is responsible for the development of students for the first time by its first environment, namely the family environment, especially parents. This is a concern because the child is a product of the family.