LITERATURE REVIEW
B. The implementation of the CAR 1) Cycle I
a) Planning
In this cycle, the writer accompanied by the teacher arranged a lesson plan for the action based upon the problems faced by the students. The writer delivered descriptive text and prepared some texts and pictures of the seven wonders in the world, and observational guideline and the post test.
b) Acting
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In this phase, the writer implemented the instructional process based on the planning that had been made. The teacher first showed a picture of TajMahal so the students predict what it is, then explained the descriptive text and its generic structure.
Afterwards, she continued the step of questioning about what TajMahal is, where it is etc. Then, in the stage of clarifying, she gave them the text and asked them to search for the vocabularies they did not know. Finally, after comprehending the text, the teacher and the students made the summary orally.
After doing the action together, the teacher divided them into some groups and asked them to conduct the same activities that had been done before. The table below shows the activity of reciprocal teaching while reading.
ACTIONS ACTIVITY
Predicting Make a prediction when:
• A title is given
• Headings are provided
• The author poses a questionin the text
• The text suggests what willbe discussed next Prediction stems:
• Based on the title, I predictthis is going to be about...
• I already know these thingsabout the topic/story...
• I think the next chapter orsection will be about...
• Based on... (a clue), I predict...
• Based on what ___ said/did,I predict...
Questioning Ask teacher-like questions:
• Who is ___?
• What is/does ___?
• When/where is ___?
• Why is ___ signi_cant?
• Why does ___ happen?
• What are the parts of ___?
• How is ___ an example of ___?
• How do ___ and ___ compare?
• How are ___ and ___ different?
• What is most important ___?
• What is your opinion of ___?
Clarifying Clarify hard parts when:
• You don't understand
• You can't follow the text
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• You don't know what a wordmeans Clarifying stems:
• I don't really understand ...
• A question I have is ...
• A question I'd like answeredby the author is ...
• One word/phrase I do notunderstand is ...
Summarizing How to do a summary:
• Look for the topic sentence
• Look for who, what, when,where, why, and how Summary stems:
• This text is mostly about ...
• The topic sentence is ...
• The author is trying to tell me...
A framed summary sentence:
This story/passage about ___
begins with ___, discusses (or develops) the idea that ___, and ends with ___.
c) Observing
In this third phase, the observer notice all activities in the classroom. The activities for instance, teacher performance, students‟ participation and the classroom situation. It showed that the teacher need to give more attention to the students because some of them want to become a group with their close friend, and the students were more enjoy and active after the students worked in their own group.
d) Reflecting
The teacher together with the observer made the conclusion of this first cycle.
First, only some students were active in their group. Second, some students are ashamed to ask questions. Third, the teacher need to give more attention to the students which got difficulties. In addition, the post-test results had not showed a significant improvement because there were only 33% students who passed the KKM.
Viewing the result of the post-test, the teacher need to modify and make an improvement in the instruction which was done in the cycle II.
133 2) Cycle II
a) Planning
To make some improvement, the teacher adapted a worksheet of reciprocal teaching strategyby , so the students can focus on the reading comprehension and know clearly what they need to do. The teacher also prepared different texts and pictures for each group.
b) Action
The action in this cycle was the same as the cycle I, but in this cycle the teacher give them all the things which has been prepared in the planning. The pictures can be found in the Appendix, and the worksheet is presented below.
Name:_______________________________________
Chapter or Book title: ____________________________
Reciprocal Teaching Worksheet
Prediction: Before you begin to read the selection, look at the title or picture, and look at any illustrations. Write down your prediction(s).
Prediction: Support:
As you finish reading each paragraphor key section of text, identify the typeand the structure of text
Questions: After knowing themain idea, type and structure of text write down atleast one question.
Main Ideas: Question 1:
Type of the Text: Question 2:
Structure of the Text: Question 3:
Summarize: Write a brief summary of what you read.
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Clarify: Copy down words, phrases, or sentences in the passage that are unclear. Then explain howyou clarified your understanding.
Word or Phrase: Clarify
c) Observing
In this phase, the students were highly interested in the reading activity. It can be seen from their participation in their own group. The teacher also could gave more attention to the students and joined in each of the group for a while.
d) Reflection
Looking at the post-test, the teacher and the observer were satisfied ofthe results because there were some improvement of the post-test comparing to the pre- test. Around 75% of the students had passed KKM.
C. The discussion of the data after CAR