Tabel 3.12. Volume Ekspor Komoditas Hortikultura Indonesia, 2020-2024*) Table Export Volume of Horticulture Commodities in Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
(Ton/Tons ) Tahun/Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*)
A SAYURAN / VEGETABLES 123.871 94.886 111.444 126.505 118.985
1 Bawang merah / Shallot 8.534 4.143 2.565 9.477 10.436
- Segar / fresh 8.480 4.103 2.497 9.440 10.412
- Olahan / processed 54 40 67 37,38 24,23 2 Bawang putih / Garlic 195 9 34 187,59 23,97 - Segar / fresh 190 1 0 5 1 - Olahan / processed 4 8 34 182,29 22,95 3 Bawang bombay / Onion 77 18 5 301 100 - Segar / fresh 61 17 1 201,02 52,22 - Olahan / processed 15 1 4 100 48
4 Kentang / Potato 8.807 5.872 3.517 2.296 1.827
- Segar / fresh 4.357 3.121 2.664 1.090 495
- Olahan / processed 4.449 2.751 853 1.206 1.332
5 Kubis/ Cabbage 53.616 33.163 38.927 34.041 37.350
6 Cabai / Chilli 10.210 9.940 9.206 9.770 7.679
- Segar / fresh 419 247 106 291 336 - Olahan / processed 9.791 9.693 9.100 9.479 7.343 7 Jamur Cendawan / Mushroom 2.284 2.458 2.934 5.310 3.111 - Segar / fresh 96 151 125 95 54 - Olahan / processed 2.188 2.307 2.809 5.215 3.057
B BUAH-BUAHAN / FRUITS 295.246 324.646 334.773 330.218 283.723
8 Mangga / Mango 772 382 314 643 358 - Segar / fresh 772 382 311 636 352 - Olahan / processed - - 2 6 6
9 Manggis / Mangosteen 48.168 25.587 30.254 42.825 52.030
10 Jeruk / Orange 694 587 1.476 840 1.478
- Segar / fresh 264 146 499 339 1.116 - Olahan / processed 431 441 977 501 362 11 Anggur / Grape 25 20 54 147 93 - Segar / fresh 0 - 28 2 0 - Olahan / processed 25 20 27 145 92 12 Apel / Apple 46 54 71 84 78 - Segar / fresh 11 1 3 1 0 - Olahan / processed 34 54 68 83 78
13 Nenas / Pineaple 215.474 265.113 256.580 228.657 173.017
- Segar / fresh 6.419 8.554 6.289 8.361 5.849
- Olahan / processed 209.055 256.559 250.292 220.296 167.168
14 Pir / Pear 64 59 79 48 39 - Segar / fresh - - 0 1 - - Olahan / processed 64 59 79 47 39
15 Pisang / Banana 12.345 13.656 21.557 24.829 19.458
- Segar / fresh 12.345 13.656 21.548 24.806 19.448
- Olahan / processed - - 9 23 10 16 Salak / Snakefruit 1.100 1.651 3.295 4.311 3.358 17 Durian / Durian 102 50 227 572 463 C TANAMAN HIAS / ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 7.022 8.204 9.169 9.296 7.509 18 Anggrek / Orchid 30 27 13 7 11 19 Krisan / Chrysant 43 131 221 308 419 20 Mawar / Rose 0 1 1 16 35 D TANAMAN OBAT / BIOPHARMACEUTICAL 23.052 28.683 37.523 74.775 27.028
21 Kapulaga / Cardamom 6.115 10.462 16.861 21.261 7.611
22 Jahe / Ginger 2.370 3.269 6.448 36.859 7.914
- Segar / fresh 1.883 3.168 6.338 36.406 7.812
- Olahan / processed 487 101 109 453 102 25 Kunyit / Turmeric (Curcuma) 9.909 9.165 10.126 9.325 4.446
Total / Total 449.191 456.419 492.908 540.795 437.245
No Komoditas
Tabel 3.13. Nilai Ekspor Komoditas Hortikultura Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
Table Export Value of Horticulture Commodities in Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
(USD 000) Tahun/Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*)
A SAYURAN / VEGETABLES 152.682 136.158 160.874 204.233 214.537
1 Bawang merah / Shallot 13.741 7.097 4.180 11.786 14.021
- Segar / fresh 13.691 7.009 3.981 11.674 13.961
- Olahan / processed 50 88 199 111,87 59,26 2 Bawang putih / Garlic 322 33 78 85,42 54,98 - Segar / fresh 307 1 0 7 0 - Olahan / processed 15 32 77 78,90 54,61 3 Bawang bombay / Onion 129 25 15 568 204 - Segar / fresh 112 19 2 266,03 43,90 - Olahan / processed 18 5 12 302 160
4 Kentang / Potato 8.111 5.961 4.820 2.668 2.354
- Segar / fresh 3.332 2.547 2.082 856 430 - Olahan / processed 4.779 3.415 2.738 1.812 1.923
5 Kubis/ Cabbage 12.197 9.818 9.879 9.574 10.545
6 Cabai / Chilli 25.079 22.404 19.003 22.007 17.066
- Segar / fresh 670 560 235 409 468
- Olahan / processed 24.409 21.844 18.768 21.598 16.598
7 Jamur Cendawan / Mushroom 4.882 5.053 5.729 11.299 6.262 - Segar / fresh 475 638 480 314 165 - Olahan / processed 4.407 4.415 5.249 10.985 6.097
B BUAH-BUAHAN / FRUITS 389.035 447.828 455.648 464.919 443.356
8 Mangga / Mango 1.172 758 558 1.397 812
- Segar / fresh 1.172 758 535 1.292 702 - Olahan / processed - - 23 105 110
9 Manggis / Mangosteen 81.151 71.562 75.578 111.951 130.869
10 Jeruk / Orange 849 705 1.513 1.360 1.033
- Segar / fresh 256 121 427 465 639 - Olahan / processed 593 584 1.085 895 394 11 Anggur / Grape 57 52 239 528 329 - Segar / fresh 1 - 46 5 2 - Olahan / processed 56 52 193 523 327 12 Apel / Apple 128 127 140 122 86 - Segar / fresh 45 0 1 4 0 - Olahan / processed 83 127 139 119 86
13 Nenas / Pineaple 274.126 336.889 331.696 277.954 222.252
- Segar / fresh 3.804 5.021 3.721 5.614 3.795
- Olahan / processed 270.322 331.869 327.975 272.340 218.457
14 Pir / Pear 53 53 77 50 40 - Segar / fresh - - 0 1 - - Olahan / processed 53 53 77 49 40
15 Pisang / Banana 5.650 6.090 8.588 9.567 7.785
- Segar / fresh 5.650 6.090 8.561 9.512 7.753
- Olahan / processed - - 27 55 31 16 Salak / Snakefruit 1.297 1.781 3.055 4.171 2.803 17 Durian / Durian 232 149 181 1.076 1.593 C TANAMAN HIAS / ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 21.021 27.330 26.097 24.038 17.868 18 Anggrek / Orchid 176 191 100 47 89 19 Krisan / Chrysant 733 904 1.220 1.510 1.831 20 Mawar / Rose 3 10 1 89 95 D TANAMAN OBAT / BIOPHARMACEUTICAL 86.719 97.866 91.604 110.922 47.820
21 Kapulaga / Cardamom 64.546 76.792 69.782 65.561 27.310
22 Jahe / Ginger 4.440 3.563 5.449 28.400 7.506
- Segar / fresh 3.788 3.048 4.891 27.483 6.981
- Olahan / processed 652 514 557 917 525
No Komoditas
Tabel 3.14. Volume Impor Komoditas Hortikutura Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
Table Import Volume of Horticulture Commodities in Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
(Ton/Tons ) Tahun/Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*)
A SAYURAN / VEGETABLES 1.001.920 1.102.727 1.213.425 1.217.360 717.709
1 Bawang merah / Shallot 900 701 1.089 1.047 634 - Segar / fresh 500 - 287 510 251 - Olahan / processed 400 701 802 537,86 382,50
2 Bawang putih / Garlic 594.268 610.281 574.639 571.914,12 345.500,25
- Segar / fresh 587.747 602.977 566.175 564.114 339.348
- Olahan / processed 6.520 7.305 8.464 7.800,21 6.152,10
3 Bawang bombay / Onion 140.111 144.795 194.046 166.204 57.739
- Segar / fresh 134.385 115.248 177.727 156.696,10 45.507,15
- Olahan / processed 5.726 29.547 16.319 9.508 12.232
4 Kentang / Potato 133.564 164.630 191.050 195.059 133.440
- Segar / fresh 40.493 52.286 74.438 82.019 54.506
- Olahan / processed 93.071 112.344 116.612 113.040 78.934
5 Kubis/ Cabbage 6.363 6.212 6.216 8.240 11.118
6 Cabai / Chilli 35.912 55.994 57.509 60.131 48.300
- Segar / fresh 0 0 0 - 98
- Olahan / processed 35.912 55.994 57.509 60.131 48.202
7 Jamur Cendawan / Mushroom 6.671 6.985 9.997 14.772 17.247
- Segar / fresh 3.188 2.842 5.033 9.967 13.212
- Olahan / processed 3.484 4.143 4.964 4.805 4.035
B BUAH-BUAHAN / FRUITS 614.849 759.453 727.819 677.421 573.521
8 Mangga / Mango 0 0 544 531 778 - Segar / fresh 0 0 0 0 0 - Olahan / processed - - 544 531 778 9 Manggis / Mangosteen 0 - - - 0
10 Jeruk / Orange 91.529 141.761 149.769 150.835 131.717
- Segar / fresh 78.232 127.949 131.605 134.655 110.663
- Olahan / processed 13.296 13.812 18.165 16.179 21.053
11 Anggur / Grape 85.725 101.432 107.798 123.381 83.340
- Segar / fresh 83.044 98.278 101.898 116.282 77.993
- Olahan / processed 2.681 3.154 5.900 7.100 5.347
12 Apel / Apple 149.901 190.754 177.086 138.405 118.385
- Segar / fresh 148.705 189.363 175.519 136.388 116.690
- Olahan / processed 1.196 1.391 1.567 2.017 1.696 13 Nenas / Pineaple 115 98 161 157 84 - Segar / fresh 31 0 - 0 0 - Olahan / processed 84 98 161 157 84
14 Pir / Pear 216.898 227.252 177.979 159.303 163.710
- Segar / fresh 21.688 22.722 177.968 159.240 163.708
- Olahan / processed 17 33 11 63 3 15 Pisang / Banana 1 0 - - 0 - Segar / fresh 1 0 - - 0 - Olahan / processed - - - - 0 16 Salak / Snakefruit 6 - - - - 17 Durian / Durian 47 0 5 656 398 C TANAMAN HIAS / ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 19.216 10.212 14.034 12.518 8.945 18 Anggrek / Orchid 153 296 266 321 266 19 Krisan / Chrysant 3 3 2 10 32 20 Mawar / Rose 4 7 15 14 16 D TANAMAN OBAT / BIOPHARMACEUTICAL 26.494 15.223 6.578 8.929 9.865 21 Kapulaga / Cardamom 53 79 46 82 76
22 Jahe / Ginger 19.253 8.444 686 2.181 4.803
- Segar / fresh 19.204 8.310 528 2.155 4.798
- Olahan / processed 48 134 158 26 5 25 Kunyit / Turmeric (Curcuma) 1.943 2.295 3.124 3.116 2.100
Total / Total 1.662.480 1.887.615 1.961.856 1.916.228 1.310.040
No Komoditas
Tabel 3.15. Nilai Impor komoditas Hortikultura Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
Table Import Value of Horticulture Commodities in Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
(USD 000) Tahun/Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*)
A SAYURAN / VEGETABLES 1.027.401 1.194.848 1.295.564 1.374.134 925.883
1 Bawang merah / Shallot 1.357 793 1.492 1.820 1.141 - Segar / fresh 844 - 362 797 326 - Olahan / processed 514 793 1.130 1.022,65 814,37
2 Bawang putih / Garlic 598.375 681.638 616.315 661.991,07 453.323,40
- Segar / fresh 585.785 665.818 597.795 648.586 440.996
- Olahan / processed 12.589 15.821 18.520 13.404,58 12.327,49
3 Bawang bombay / Onion 82.061 87.150 127.712 113.034 52.368
- Segar / fresh 64.669 60.859 95.905 93.795,13 31.464,33
- Olahan / processed 17.392 26.291 31.807 19.239 20.904
4 Kentang / Potato 114.596 137.489 180.455 219.410 138.307
- Segar / fresh 17.649 23.642 36.564 40.933 24.540
- Olahan / processed 96.947 113.847 143.891 178.477 113.768
5 Kubis/ Cabbage 5.202 5.179 4.847 6.872 9.062
6 Cabai / Chilli 69.200 110.148 137.736 142.050 96.747
- Segar / fresh 0 0 0 - 161
- Olahan / processed 69.200 110.148 137.735 142.050 96.586
7 Jamur Cendawan / Mushroom 17.455 17.582 25.964 33.367 36.984
- Segar / fresh 9.655 8.272 14.037 22.950 27.573
- Olahan / processed 7.800 9.310 11.926 10.417 9.411
B BUAH-BUAHAN / FRUITS 1.226.910 1.473.841 1.465.004 1.447.699 1.211.856
8 Mangga / Mango 0 0 1.543 1.680 1.575 - Segar / fresh 0 0 0 0 0 - Olahan / processed - - 1.543 1.680 1.575 9 Manggis / Mangosteen 0 - - - 0
10 Jeruk / Orange 170.053 249.554 254.745 264.245 229.194
- Segar / fresh 150.319 229.003 227.464 234.092 198.460
- Olahan / processed 19.734 20.551 27.281 30.153 30.734
11 Anggur / Grape 279.136 321.717 342.367 414.543 315.388
- Segar / fresh 273.268 315.271 330.407 400.095 304.336
- Olahan / processed 5.868 6.446 11.960 14.448 11.052
12 Apel / Apple 327.995 376.623 358.035 279.807 242.568
- Segar / fresh 326.231 374.148 355.509 275.385 238.998
- Olahan / processed 1.764 2.475 2.527 4.422 3.570 13 Nenas / Pineaple 139 155 311 243 139 - Segar / fresh 23 0 - 0 0 - Olahan / processed 116 155 311 243 139
14 Pir / Pear 301.961 317.350 262.545 246.372 248.137
- Segar / fresh 30.194 31.732 262.534 246.285 248.099
- Olahan / processed 16 34 12 87 38 15 Pisang / Banana 11 0 - - 0 - Segar / fresh 11 0 - - 0 - Olahan / processed - - - - 0 16 Salak / Snakefruit 18 - - - - 17 Durian / Durian 252 1 81 4.530 2.987 C TANAMAN HIAS / ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 27.400 21.466 28.949 28.145 18.470
18 Anggrek / Orchid 2.015 4.071 3.945 3.947 3.648
19 Krisan / Chrysant 19 17 17 111 191 20 Mawar / Rose 29 40 197 89 124 D TANAMAN OBAT / BIOPHARMACEUTICAL 30.620 21.798 11.188 12.986 12.833 21 Kapulaga / Cardamom 373 695 258 343 199
22 Jahe / Ginger 16.933 8.795 940 2.173 3.708
- Segar / fresh 16.687 8.461 674 2.017 3.665
- Olahan / processed 245 335 267 156 43
No Komoditas
Tabel 3.16. Neraca Volume Perdagangan Komoditas Hortikultura Indonesia, 2020-2024*) Table Volume Balance of Trade of Horticulture Commodities in Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
(Ton/Tons ) Tahun/Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*)
A SAYURAN / VEGETABLES -878.049 -1.007.841 -1.101.981 -1.090.855 -598.724
1 Bawang merah / Shallot 7.634 3.442 1.475 8.430 9.803
- Segar / fresh 7.980 4.103 2.210 8.930 10.161
- Olahan / processed -346 -661 -734 -500 -358
2 Bawang putih / Garlic -594.073 -610.272 -574.605 -571.727 -345.476
- Segar / fresh -587.557 -602.976 -566.175 -564.109 -339.347
- Olahan / processed -6.516 -7.296 -8.429 -7.618 -6.129
3 Bawang bombay / Onion -140.035 -144.777 -194.041 -165.904 -57.639
- Segar / fresh -134.324 -115.232 -177.726 -156.495 -45.455
- Olahan / processed -5.711 -29.545 -16.315 -9.409 -12.184
4 Kentang / Potato -124.757 -158.758 -187.533 -192.762 -131.613
- Segar / fresh -36.136 -49.165 -71.774 -80.929 -54.012
- Olahan / processed -88.621 -109.593 -115.759 -111.834 -77.602
5 Kubis/ Cabbage 47.253 26.950 32.711 25.801 26.232
6 Cabai / Chilli -25.702 -46.054 -48.303 -50.361 -40.621
- Segar / fresh 419 247 106 291 238
- Olahan / processed -26.121 -46.301 -48.409 -50.652 -40.859
7 Jamur Cendawan / Mushroom -4.387 -4.527 -7.063 -9.462 -14.136
- Segar / fresh -3.091 -2.691 -4.908 -9.872 -13.158
- Olahan / processed -1.296 -1.836 -2.155 410 -978
B BUAH-BUAHAN / FRUITS -319.604 -434.807 -393.046 -347.203 -289.798
8 Mangga / Mango 772 382 -230 111 -419
- Segar / fresh 772 382 311 636 352
- Olahan / processed 0 0 -542 -525 -772
9 Manggis / Mangosteen 48.168 25.587 30.254 42.825 52.030
10 Jeruk / Orange -90.834 -141.173 -148.294 -149.995 -130.239
- Segar / fresh -77.969 -127.803 -131.106 -134.316 -109.547
- Olahan / processed -12.865 -13.371 -17.188 -15.679 -20.692
11 Anggur / Grape -85.699 -101.412 -107.743 -123.235 -83.248
- Segar / fresh -83.044 -98.278 -101.871 -116.280 -77.993
- Olahan / processed -2.655 -3.134 -5.873 -6.954 -5.255
12 Apel / Apple -149.856 -190.700 -177.015 -138.320 -118.307
- Segar / fresh -148.694 -189.362 -175.516 -136.386 -116.690
- Olahan / processed -1.162 -1.337 -1.499 -1.934 -1.618
13 Nenas / Pineaple 215.359 265.015 256.420 228.499 172.933
- Segar / fresh 6.388 8.554 6.289 8.361 5.849
- Olahan / processed 208.971 256.461 250.131 220.139 167.084
14 Pir / Pear -216.834 -227.193 -177.900 -159.255 -163.671
- Segar / fresh -21.688 -22.722 -177.968 -159.239 -163.708
- Olahan / processed 47 26 69 -16 36
15 Pisang / Banana 12.345 13.656 21.557 24.829 19.458
- Segar / fresh 12.345 13.656 21.548 24.806 19.448
- Olahan / processed 0 0 9 23 10
16 Salak / Snakefruit 1.094 1.651 3.295 4.311 3.358
17 Durian / Durian 55 50 222 -84 65
C TANAMAN HIAS / ORNAMENTAL PLANTS -12.194 -2.009 -4.866 -3.221 -1.436
18 Anggrek / Orchid -123 -270 -252 -314 -256
19 Krisan / Chrysant 40 128 219 298 387
20 Mawar / Rose -4 -5 -14 2 19
D TANAMAN OBAT / BIOPHARMACEUTICAL -3.442 13.460 30.945 65.846 17.163
21 Kapulaga / Cardamom 6.062 10.384 16.815 21.179 7.535
22 Jahe / Ginger -16.882 -5.175 5.762 34.678 3.111
- Segar / fresh -17.321 -5.142 5.810 34.251 3.014
- Olahan / processed 439 -33 -49 426 97
25 Kunyit / Turmeric (Curcuma) 7.966 6.870 7.002 6.209 2.346
Total / Total -1.213.289 -1.431.197 -1.468.947 -1.375.433 -872.795
No Komoditas
Tabel 3.17. Neraca Nilai Perdagangan Komoditas Hortikultura Indonesia, 2020-2024*) Table Value Balance of Trade of Horticulture Commodities in Indonesia, 2020-2024*)
(USD 000) Tahun/Year
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*)
A SAYURAN / VEGETABLES -874.719 -1.058.691 -1.134.691 -1.169.901 -711.346
1 Bawang merah / Shallot 12.383 6.304 2.688 9.966 12.880
- Segar / fresh 12.847 7.009 3.619 10.877 13.635
- Olahan / processed -464 -705 -931 -911 -755
2 Bawang putih / Garlic -598.053 -681.606 -616.237 -661.906 -453.268
- Segar / fresh -585.478 -665.817 -597.795 -648.580 -440.996
- Olahan / processed -12.575 -15.788 -18.442 -13.326 -12.273
3 Bawang bombay / Onion -81.931 -87.126 -127.697 -112.466 -52.164
- Segar / fresh -64.557 -60.840 -95.903 -93.529 -31.420
- Olahan / processed -17.374 -26.286 -31.794 -18.937 -20.744
4 Kentang / Potato -106.485 -131.527 -175.636 -216.742 -135.954
- Segar / fresh -14.317 -21.095 -34.482 -40.077 -24.109
- Olahan / processed -92.168 -110.432 -141.154 -176.665 -111.844
5 Kubis/ Cabbage 6.995 4.639 5.032 2.702 1.484
6 Cabai / Chilli -44.122 -87.744 -118.733 -120.043 -79.681
- Segar / fresh 670 560 234 409 307
- Olahan / processed -44.791 -88.304 -118.967 -120.452 -79.988
7 Jamur Cendawan / Mushroom -12.574 -12.529 -20.234 -22.068 -30.722
- Segar / fresh -9.180 -7.635 -13.557 -22.636 -27.408
- Olahan / processed -3.393 -4.894 -6.677 568 -3.314
B BUAH-BUAHAN / FRUITS -837.874 -1.026.014 -1.009.356 -982.780 -768.500
8 Mangga / Mango 1.171 758 -985 -282 -762
- Segar / fresh 1.171 758 535 1.292 702
- Olahan / processed 0 0 -1.520 -1.575 -1.465
9 Manggis / Mangosteen 81.151 71.562 75.578 111.951 130.869
10 Jeruk / Orange -169.204 -248.850 -253.232 -262.884 -228.161
- Segar / fresh -150.062 -228.882 -227.037 -233.626 -197.821
- Olahan / processed -19.141 -19.968 -26.195 -29.258 -30.340
11 Anggur / Grape -279.080 -321.665 -342.128 -414.015 -315.060
- Segar / fresh -273.267 -315.271 -330.361 -400.090 -304.334
- Olahan / processed -5.812 -6.394 -11.767 -13.925 -10.725
12 Apel / Apple -327.867 -376.496 -357.895 -279.685 -242.482
- Segar / fresh -326.186 -374.148 -355.508 -275.382 -238.998
- Olahan / processed -1.681 -2.348 -2.388 -4.303 -3.484
13 Nenas / Pineaple 273.986 336.734 331.385 277.710 222.113
- Segar / fresh 3.781 5.021 3.721 5.614 3.795
- Olahan / processed 270.205 331.714 327.664 272.097 218.318
14 Pir / Pear -301.907 -317.297 -262.469 -246.322 -248.097
- Segar / fresh -30.194 -31.732 -262.533 -246.284 -248.099
- Olahan / processed 37 19 65 -38 2
15 Pisang / Banana 5.639 6.090 8.588 9.567 7.784
- Segar / fresh 5.639 6.090 8.561 9.512 7.753
- Olahan / processed 0 0 27 55 31
16 Salak / Snakefruit 1.279 1.781 3.055 4.171 2.803
17 Durian / Durian -20 148 100 -3.454 -1.394
C TANAMAN HIAS / ORNAMENTAL PLANTS -6.379 5.864 -2.852 -4.106 -602
18 Anggrek / Orchid -1.839 -3.880 -3.845 -3.900 -3.559
19 Krisan / Chrysant 714 887 1.204 1.398 1.640
20 Mawar / Rose -26 -31 -196 0 -29
D TANAMAN OBAT / BIOPHARMACEUTICAL 56.099 76.068 80.416 97.936 34.988
21 Kapulaga / Cardamom 64.174 76.096 69.523 65.218 27.111
22 Jahe / Ginger -12.493 -5.232 4.508 26.228 3.798
- Segar / fresh -12.899 -5.412 4.218 25.466 3.316
- Olahan / processed 407 180 290 761 481
No Komoditas