According to Arikunto, the instrument is the tool used by the researcher when conducting a research method.49The data collection instrument in this study was a test in the form of poetry to determine students' ability in pronunciation. Several types of instruments used are tests, questionnaires, observations, rating scales, and documentation. The researcher used the test as the instrument. In this study, the researcher used pre-test and post-test to get data. Students explain the directions as clearly as possible to make students understand the material being tested. The motive of this testin this research is to consider students’ ability in reading comprehension.
An instrument is a tool used by researchers when the students apply certain methods to get the data. The instrument of this researcher as follows:
a. Observation
Observation is a process of watching and listening to professional action either while it is happening or from a taped sequence. Observation is a data collection method by directly observing the object that is examined.
In collecting data, the researcher observed students' learning process and put it into the data paper. This data consists of the name of the students who are actively involved in the learning process.
The data is made to know students' development and as a reference for the teacher to arise the participation of the student who had not been involved yet. In addition, the researcher observed the students' behaviors and their activities in the learning process to know how the process of learning was held. The researcher uses the observation checklist to make it more systematic and make the researcher easier to collect data. The observation
49Suharsmi Arikunto & Suhardjono, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, (Jakarta:PT. Bumi Aksara, 2014), p.23.
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checklist consisted of the teacher’s observation checklist and the students’
observation checklist. The teacher and student activities that will be a reference in the observation checklist are described in the tables as follows:
Table 3.1.Teachers’ Activity
No.
ACTIVITIES OBSERVED Score
1 2 3 4 5
1. The teacher ask student read the books at home
2. The teacher can ask their students to fill a shortrecord form containing the books they have read
3. The teacher ask the students have to present an oral report on eachbook the read in front of the class or in a reading group.
4.
The teacher ask student to make group discussion consists of four or five students
5. The teacher can provide individual counseling, he can ask the students about their reading experience
6. The teacher ask student their problems in reading
7 The teacher gives motivation and reward and closes the teaching and learning process
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Table 3.2.The Interpretation of Teacher Score Activity
Score Category
> 80 Excellent
> 75 Good
> 60 Fair
< 55 Poor
Table 3.3.Students’ Activity
No.
ACTIVITIES OBSERVED Score
1 2 3 4 5
1. The teacher can ask their students to fill a short record form containing the name of the book they read
2. The students have to present an oral report on each book the read in front of the class or in a reading group.
3. The student make group discussion consists of four or five students; it is organized based on the students who read the same book
4. The student can prepare an oral book report or a written review that have to present to others in front of the classroom. These activities can help them to improve their speaking and writing abilities.
37 5. the teacher can provide individual
counseling, he can ask the students about their reading experience
6. The students listen to the teachers’
motivation and reward
7 The students respond to the closing greeting.
To score the students and teacher activity the researcher use the following
Information: Score
If there is no activity the teacher is given a score of 0 If there is partly activity the teacher is given a score of 1 If more activities are not carried out the teacher is given a score of 2 If more activities are carried out the teacher is given a score of 3 If the activities carried out by the teacher are full, they are given a
score of 4
To find the mean of students reading ability the researcher use the following Formulation:
Mean= S Score
Max Score× 100
Table3.4.The Interpretation of Students’ Score Activity
Score Category
> 90 Very good
> 80 Excellent
> 75 Good
> 60 Fair
< 55 Poor
38 b. Test
Tests were used to find out the students‟ reading skill by implementing extensive reading strategies for the first grade students at MTs. Darul Abidin NW Lendang Ara in the academic year 2021/2022.
The researcher ask students to describe the ideas base on comprehension tes on their reading test.
The Criteria of reading assessment is adopted by Snow, Grifin, &
Burns. The Aspect of criteria bellow:
Table3.5.Criteria of Assessments Aspect of Reading Assesment Score
Reading Skill 1 2 3 4 5
a. Determining main idea b. Location referensi
c. Understanding vocabulary d. Making inference
e. Detail information Note:
Category Score Very good 5
Excellent 4
Good 3
Sufficient 2
Less 1
To analyze the quantitative data, he researcher uses formula below:
1) To obtain the individual score of Reading test, the researcher used formula
Score:
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡× 100
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2) To know the criteria of students score, it can be classify as follow:
Table3.6.The Interpretation of Students’ Score.50 Persentage of Scores Criterion
81-100 Excellent
61-80 Good
41-60 Fair
21-40 Poor
10-20 Bad
3) The formula to calculate the students average x = ∑x
N
Explanation:
∑x= Total of students’ Score N = Total of Subject
x = Average
4) The formula to calculate the students’ classical Achievement is PC= N
S× 100 % Explanation:
PC = Percentage of achievement
N = The total of students that get more ≥ 75 S = Number of Students’ in the class.51 c. Documentation
Documentation is the final method. The researcher gathered the notes that the pupils had taken throughout the class. The researcher will benefit from the documentation of their notes because it will allow them to learn about unintentionally employed tactics. The researcher documented
50Rosma Hartiny, Model Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, (Yogyakarta: Teras, 2010), p. 94.
51Ibid, p. 133.
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the exercises completed by the students, the results of the questionnaire, the interview, and the students' checking list in order to track the students' progress in becoming competent.
I. Indicator Success
After completing each cycle, the research indicator is expectedly identified, indicating a positive result. As a final result, the students must get the standard score that is 75 score (as KKM). Following the implementation of Classroom Action Research, it is predicted that 85 percent of students will participate in teaching and learning in the English topic and KKM is completed by 85% of pupils.
Table 3.7
The table below depicts the indicators of a good teaching – learning process
No Category Score 1 VeryGood 90–100
2 Good 75–89
3 Average 60–74
4 Sufficient ≤59
5 Low 10