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the exercises completed by the students, the results of the questionnaire, the interview, and the students' checking list in order to track the students' progress in becoming competent.
I. Indicator Success
After completing each cycle, the research indicator is expectedly identified, indicating a positive result. As a final result, the students must get the standard score that is 75 score (as KKM). Following the implementation of Classroom Action Research, it is predicted that 85 percent of students will participate in teaching and learning in the English topic and KKM is completed by 85% of pupils.
Table 3.7
The table below depicts the indicators of a good teaching – learning process
No Category Score 1 VeryGood 90–100
2 Good 75–89
3 Average 60–74
4 Sufficient ≤59
5 Low 10
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researcher will do the same thing in cycle 2. If in cycle 2 the students are successful, then the cycle is discontinued because students must reach the minimum completeness criteria. Data analysis was carried out in stages from the average value of test cycle 1 and test cycle 2.
1. Cycle 1 a. Planning
In this step, the researcher made a plan to carry out actions based on the problems faced by students in the ability to read the book. In this case, the researcher developed a lesson plan based on the teachingmaterials. The researcher used test cycle 1 and cycle 2 in his action. The test cycle 1 was done before the exstensive reading strategy is applied to know the students‟ reading comprehension. Then the researcher used test cycle 2. Test cycle 2 was done after the exstensive reading strategy is applied to see the result of the study before and after the appliedextensive reading strategy.
b. Acting
The action of this cycle was conducted on December 9th, 12th, and 24th 2022. In this step, the researcher act as the teacher based on the lesson plan, and the English teacher acts as the viewer who observes the activity throughthe teaching and learning process. A real description of this cycle will be described as follows :
1) First Meeting
On Friday, December9th 2022. before started the lesson, the teacher informed the students that for a few days later the class would be observed by the researcher. The teacher started the lesson by greeted “Good morning, everyone” and asking about the students condition by “How are you today?” the students answered, “I‟m fine to thank you, and you?” The teacher answered, “I‟m fine to thank you”. The teacher open the lesson, conveyed the purpose of coming to the class, and checked the students‟ attendance list. After checked the attendance list the teacher told the students that they would do a
42
T-test. The teacher gave the task consisting of multiple-choice 20.
the teacher gave 60 minutes to do a T-test.
2). Second Meeting
After doing T-test on friday. next On Monday, December 12th 2022 the teacher entered the class and greeted as “Good morning everyone”, then the students answer “Good morning Mrs.” . The teacher asked about the students condition, “How are you today?”, then the students answer, “I‟m fine, thankyou. How about you?” , the teacher said “I‟m fine to thankyou”. The teacher checked the students‟ attendance list. Then, the teacher starts the lesson and gave explanation about extensive reading. The teacher explain the generic structure and social function of the extensive reading. students listen to the teacher's explanation about what is the extensive reading, its purpose and structure.The teacher made a good interaction between teacher and students. After gave the explanation, before the teacher close the class. The teacher ask student to read any books at home and the student have one week to read.
3). Third Meeting
On Tuesday 13thDecember, 2022 At the last meeting of cycle one, the teachers directed a test on students’ reading comprehensionby extensive reading strategy answer 20 numbers multiple-choice and fill in blank questions using theextensive reading strategy. Before dividing the text questions, the teachergave directions to the students on how to answer the questions. At this stage, the teachersupervises the students’ work.
c. Observing
43
In this phase, the English teacher at MTs. Darul Abidin act as a watcher who observed the activities inside the classroom through the teaching and learning process. The observer used an observation checklist that has been prepared before to observe the teacher and student’s activities. The observer only needsto give a mark (√) based on actual conditions center the class. The consequence of the observation checklist in cycle one will be described below:
1) Teachers’ activities
Table 4.1.Teacher Observation Checlish
No. Teacher Observation checkish Score
1 2 3 4 5
1. The teacher ask students read the books at home
√
2. The teacher can ask their students to fill short record from containing the books they have read.
√
3. The teacher ask the students have to present an oral report on each books theyread in front of the class or in a reading group
√
4. The teacher ask student to make group discussion consists of four or five students
√
5. The teacher can provide individual counseling, he can ask the students about their reading experience
√
6. The teacher ask student their problems in reading
√
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7. The teacher gives motivation and reward
√
8. The teacher closes the teaching and learning process
√
Total Score 31
Percentage of activities 96%
Category Excellent
The total score will be obtained from each teacher's activity score which is explained after giving apperceptions related to the material to be given, managing the class well, and so on. The proportion of teacher activities is getting from this formula below :
Percentage of activities =Number of teacher activities
Score max × 100%
For the category obtained from the final score of teacher activities. There are four categories of teachers’ scores such as:
No Teachers’ Score Category
1 100% - 90% Very good
2 90% - 80% excellent
3 80% - 75% Good
4 70% - 60% Fair
5 60% - 50% Poor
Percentage of activities =Number of teacher activities
Score max × 100%
𝑃 =31
32× 100%
𝑃 = 96%
45
From the observation of teacher activities above, the result shows the percentage of teacher scores is 70% which means that teachers teach well. However, several aspects need to be improved such as the teacher’s explanation of the steps in implementing the extensive reading strategy, the teacher’s instruction to make questions from the text, and the teacher should help students make summaries in the last step.
2) Students’ activities
Table 4.2.Students’Activities Observation No.
ACTIVITIES OBSERVED Score
1 2 3 4 5
1. The teacher can ask their students to fill a short record form containing the name of the book they read
√
2. The students have to present an oral report on each book the read in front of the class or in a reading group.
√
3. The student make group discussion consists of four or five students; it is organized based on the students who read the same book
√
4. The student can prepare an oral book report or a written review that have to present to others in front of the classroom. These activities can help them to improve their speaking and writing abilities.
√
46 5. the teacher can provide individual
counseling, he can ask the students about their reading experience
√
6. The students listen to the teachers’
motivation and reward
√
7. The students respond to the closing greeting.
√
Total score 22
Maximum 28
Percentage of activities 78%
Category Good
The total score will be obtained from each student activity after getting a score which includes students' attention to the teacher's explanation, attention to lessons, and so on. The average of student activities is getting from this formula below :
Percentage of activities =Number of teacher activities
Score max × 100%
The category is obtained from the students’ final score of activities which include four categories those are:
No Teachers’ Score Category
1 100% - 90% Very good
2 90% - 80% excellent
3 80% - 75% Good
4 70% - 60% Fair
5 60% - 50% Poor
Percentage of activities = Number of students activities x 100%
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Score max P = 22 x 100%
28 P = 78%
From the observation of student’s activities above, the result is that the percentage of student’sparticipation is good. However, several aspects need to be improved such as the attention of students when the teacher gives explanations, the activeness of students in the teaching and learning process, the courage of students in expressing opinions, and asking questions related to the material, and so forth.
Table 4.3.The Students’Score ofTes
No
Students’ Initial
Aspects
Total score
M F
1. ADS 50 20 70
2. AMK 55 25 80
3. AC 30 10 40
4. AF 45 15 60
5. BM 60 20 80
6. DN 50 10 60
7. DW 55 25 80
8. ESF 40 10 50
9. HN 45 5 50
10. HM 55 25 80
11. IN 60 20 80
12. KP 30 0 30
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13. LRM 45 15 60
14. MU 35 5 40
15. MHS 55 25 80
16. MK 55 25 80
17. MR 50 10 60
18. MZ 45 15 60
19. NM 70 10 80
20. NF 30 10 40
21. NS 40 20 60
22. N 55 25 80
23. RA 20 0 20
24. RBA 45 15 60
25. RSR 55 25 80
26. ZH 55 25 80
27. ZH 40 10 50
28. Z 60 20 80
Total score 1.770
Mean 63.21
succes rate 42%
Note:
M : Pronunciation : Multipe choice F : Grammar : Full in blank
From the table, the researcher calculated the mean of pre-test.
Mean of pre-test Σ =Σ X1
𝑁
49
= 1.770 28
= 63.21
From the above result, it is indicated that the average of the test before treatment is 63.21 The table above also shows that there are 12 students who reach the KKM standard with a score of 75 or more further or it can be converted to42%.
Table 4.4.The Students’ Score of Test Cycle I No Students’ Initial
Aspects
Score
M F
1. ADS 60 20 80
2. AMK 55 25 80
3. AC 55 25 80
4. AF 55 20 75
5. BM 55 20 75
6. DN 40 20 60
7. DW 60 25 85
8. ESF 50 15 65
9. HN 50 25 75
10. HM 55 25 80
11. IN 60 20 80
12. KP 45 15 60
13. LRM 60 15 75
14. MU 45 10 55
15. MHS 50 25 75
16. MK 55 25 80
17. MR 50 15 65
50
18. MZ 50 25 75
19. NM 55 25 80
20. NF 45 10 55
21. NS 40 20 60
22. N 55 25 80
23. RA 40 20 60
24. RBA 50 25 75
25. RSR 60 25 85
26. ZH 50 25 75
27. ZH 60 15 75
28. Z 65 25 90
Total 2.055
Mean 73.39
Succses Rate 71%
Note:
M : Pronunciation : Multipe choice F : Grammar : Full in blank
From the table, the researcher calculated the mean of test cycle 1 Mean of test cycle 1
Σ =Σ Y1 𝑁
= 2.055 28
= 73.39
From the results above, it is indicated shows that the average of the test cycle 1 is 73.39. The table above also shows that there are 20 students who achieved the KKM standard with a score of 75. The success rate reached 71% who completed the test cycle 1. while the average in the test cycle 1 was 73.39 and the success rate was only 71 %. it means that there is a significant increase between the test and test cycle
51 d. Reflecting
Based on the result of the cycle I, there was some reflecting that should be given attention to maximizing the students‟ reading comperehension.The researcher found some weakness that happend during the teaching and learning process. The weakness is less of a quarter of the first grade students did not have much of vocabulary. The students still have lack of vocabulary, the students also have difficulties in translating the words that they have been read. Then the researcher decided to do cycle II.
2. Cycle II a. Planing
The researcher prepare several instruments, they are as follows : a). Lesson Plan
In this study, the lesson plan was used to manage the teaching and learning activities. It was used as a guide by the researcher to manage time and activities in the classroom during the teaching and learning process.
b). Observation Checklist
An observation checklist was created in order to learn about the activities of students and teachers during the teaching and learning process.
c). Material
The researcher use material of short story concists of the name of the books, type of the story, setting, wether the books is enjoybel or well written or not.
d). Teachingaids
The researcher prepared some instrument. They are board-marker and handout for the students (design of exstensive reading for groupdiscussion). Theresearcher also provided thematerial and toolstosucced theaction.
e). Test cycle 1 and test cycle 2
52
The researcher used test and The test was done before exstensive reading strategy is applied to know the students‟ reading comprehension. Then the researcher used test cycle 1. Test cycle 1 was done after exstensive reading strategy is applied to see the result of the study before and after applied exstensive reading strategy.
b. Acting
The action of this cycle was conducted on December until Januari16th, 19th, and 20th 2022. In this step, the researcher act as the teacher based on the lesson plan, and the English teacher acts as the viewer who observes the activity throughthe teaching and learning process. A real description of this cycle will be described as follows :
1). First Meeting
The action of the cycle ll was done On friday, December16th 2022. the teacher entered the class and greeted as
“Good morning everyone”, then the students answer “Good morning Mrs.” The teacher asked about the students condition,
“How are you today?”, then the students answer, “I‟m fine, thankyou. How about you?”, the teacher said “I‟m fine to thankyou”. The teacher checked the students‟ attendance list.
Then, the teacher starts the lesson and gave explanation about extensive reading. The teacher explain the generic structure and social function of the extensive reading. The students listen to the teacher's explanation about what is the extensive reading, its purpose and structure.The teacher made a good interaction between teacher and students. After gave the explanation,before the teacher close the class. The teacher ask student to read any books at home and the student have one week to read.
2). Second Meeting
OnMonday19thDecember, 2022 the teacher entered the class and greeted as “Good morning everyone”, then the students answer “Good morning Mr.” . The teacher asked about the students
53
condition, “How are you today?”, then the students answer, “I‟m fine, thankyou. How about you?” , the teacher said “I‟m fine to thankyou”. Then, the teacher checked the students‟ attendance list.
After that the teacher reviewed the material at the previous meeting.After that the teacher reviewed the material of last week.
The teacher can ask their students to fill a shortrecord form containing the name of the book they read,its level,how long they need to read the book, a brief comment aboutquality of the book, etc.
The students have to present an oral report on eachbook the read in front of the class or in a reading group. Thereports cover the name of the book, type of the story, setting,whether the book is enjoyable or well written or not.
The teacher divides the students into 5 group discussion consists of four or five students; it is organized based on the students who read the same book. After the discussion ends, they can prepare an oral book report or a written review that have to present to others in front of the classroom. These activities can help them to improve their speaking and writing abilities. And The teacher can provide individual counseling, he can ask the students about their reading experience, their progress after conducting extensive reading, their problems, and the teacher can give the best solution to overcome the problems found. This activity can be done when the other students engage their reading. The students get reward from the teacher depends on the quantity of reading they do. This activity are purposed to motivate the students to read more.After that, the teacher closed the lesson of the day.Then, the teacher informed that the next meeting the students would do a test cycle 2.
3). Third Meeting
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On Tuesday 20thDecember, 2022. this is the last meeting, the teacher entered the class and greeted as “Good morning everyone”, then the students answer “Good morning Mrs.” The teacher asked about the students condition, “How are you today?”, then the students answer, “I‟m fine, thankyou. How about you?”, the teacher said “I‟m fine to thankyou”. Then, the teacher checked the students‟ attendance list. After that, the teacher conducted a test on students’ reading skills by asking them to answer 20 numbers multiple-choice and fill in blank questions using the extensive reading strstegy. Before dividing the text questions, the teacher gave directions to the students on how to answer the questions. At this stage, the teacher supervises the students work.the students finished their test and the teacher asked the students to collected the test.
c. Observing
IncycleII,theresearcheralsoobservedtheteaching-
learningprocessin theclass.The results of the observation checklist in cycle II will be explained as follows :
1) ThescoreoftestcycleII
Table 4.5The Students’Score ofPre-TestandTestCycle ll
No Students’ Initial
Aspects
test Cycle II
M F
1. ADS 60 20 80
2. AMK 55 25 80
3. AC 50 25 75
4. AF 55 25 80
55
5. BM 50 25 75
6. DN 50 20 70
7. DW 55 25 80
8. ESF 55 20 75
9. HN 55 25 80
10. HM 65 25 90
11. IN 60 25 85
12. KP 60 15 75
13. LRM 60 20 80
14. MU 50 15 65
15. MHS 55 25 80
16. MK 55 25 80
17. MR 55 15 70
18. MZ 50 25 75
19. NM 55 25 80
20. NF 70 10 80
21. NS 60 20 80
22. N 60 25 85
23. RA 55 20 75
24. RBA 45 25 70
25. RSR 55 25 80
26. ZH 60 25 85
27. ZH 60 15 75
28. Z 65 25 90
Total 2.195
Mean 78.39
Succses Rate 85%
Note:
M : Pronunciation : Multipe choice
56 F : Grammar : Full in blank
2) Calculating of Mean
From the table, the researcher calculated the mean of test cycle 1 and the mean of test cycle 2.
a). The mean of test cycle 2 test cycle 2 =∑ 𝑋
𝑁
= 2.195 28
= 78.39 b). Success rate of test cycle 2
% = 𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 × 100
% = 24
28× 100
= 85%
From the results above, it is shows that the average test cycle 2 is 78.39. The table above also shows that there are 24 students who achieved the KKM standard with a score of 75. The success rate reached 71% who completed the pre-test cycle 1. while the average in the test cycle 1 was 73.39 and the success rate was only 71 %. it means that there is a significant increase between the test and test cycle 1.
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From the results of the table above shows that the students who took the test were 28 students. based on the table the score is 2.342 which is collected from all student scores. there was an increase in the average score of students in the test cycle 2, which was previously 65 in the post-test cycle I and increased to 83.6.
d. Reflecting
After conducting test II, the researcher got the data. the percentage of students’ improvement from the test cycle l and cycle ll increased from 58% to 100%. It means that there was a significant increase in post-test cycle l and post-test cycle ll in this study. so the researcher decided to stop the research because it had already succeded.
After analyzing the students‟ score in the cycle I and cycle II theresearcher conclude that there is a significant improvement of students‟reading skill after being taught by using extensive reading strategy. The improvementcan beseenasfollow:
Table 4.6.TheCalculationResult
No Indicator Tes Cycle 1 Cycle 2
1 Mean of tes 63.21 73.39 78.89
2 Succes rate 42% 71% 85%