Dalam studi cross-sectional ini, tingkat LM inflamasi yang lebih tinggi dan Tingkat SPM yang lebih rendah ditemukan pada pasien SLE daripada kontrol, di antara mereka yang memakai dan tidak memakai FO. Diperlukan studi lebih lanjut terkait efek biologis yang baik serta dosis dari FO terhadap SLE.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology (tenth edition). 2022.
2. SERVICES USDOHAH, Health NI of. Progress in Autoimmune Diseases Research. united states; 2005.
3. Rose NR, Bona C. Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky’s postulates revisited). Immunol Today [Internet]. 1993 Sep;14(9):426–30.
Available from:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/016756999390244F
4. Rischter J, Vetvicka V, Kral V. Nutrition and immunity [Internet].
Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N, editors. iran: springer; 2021. XVIII, 515. Available from: https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030160722
5. Davis MM, Altman JD, Newell EW. Interrogating the repertoire: broadening the scope of peptide–MHC multimer analysis. Nat Rev Immunol [Internet].
2011 Aug 15;11(8):551–8. Available from:
https://www.nature.com/articles/nri3020
6. Stojanovich L, Marisavljevich D. Stress as a trigger of autoimmune disease.
Autoimmun Rev [Internet]. 2008 Jan;7(3):209–13. Available from:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S156899720700170X
7. Cozzani E, Drosera M, Gasparini G, Parodi A. Serology of Lupus Erythematosus: Correlation between Immunopathological Features and Clinical Aspects. Autoimmune Dis [Internet]. 2014;2014:1–13. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ad/2014/321359/
8. Islam MA, Khandker SS, Kotyla PJ, Hassan R. Immunomodulatory Effects of Diet and Nutrients in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Systematic Review. Front Immunol. 2020;11(July):1–17.
9. Lai B, Wu CH, Wu CY, Luo SF, Lai JH. Ferroptosis and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13(June):1–13.
10. Kasjmir YI, Handono K, Wijaya LK, Hamijoyo L, Albar Z, Kalim H, et al.
Rekomendasi Diagnosis dan Pengelolaan Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik.
Perhimpunan Reumatologi Indonesia. 2011. 16 p.
11. Cervera R, Khamashta MA, Font J, Sebastiani GD, Gil A, Lavilla P, et al.
Morbidity and Mortality in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus During a 10- Year Period. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2003 Sep;82(5):299–308.
Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00005792-200309000-00002 12. Jacobsen, J Petersen, S Ullman, P J S. Mortality and Causes of Death of 513
Danish Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol [Internet]. 1999 Jan 12;28(2):75–80. Available from:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/030097499442522
13. Maidhof W, Hilas O. Lupus: an overview of the disease and management
options. P T [Internet]. 2012 Apr;37(4):240–9. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22593636
14. Mok CC. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Pathol [Internet]. 2003 Jul 1;56(7):481–90. Available from:
http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/jcp.56.7.481
15. Tanzilia MF, Tambunan BA, Dewi DNSS. Tinjauan Pustaka: Patogenesis Dan Diagnosis Sistemik Lupus Eritematosus. Syifa’ Med J Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2021;11(2):139.
16. Gaya LL, Sayuti M. Sistemik Lupus Eritematosus pada Kehamilan Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy. Majority. 2017;6(3):115–8.
17. Gill JM, Quisel AM, Rocca P V, Walters DT. Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am Fam Physician [Internet]. 2003 Dec 1;68(11):2179–86.
Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14677663
18. Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, Brinks R, Mosca M, Ramsey‐Goldman R, et al. 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Arthritis Rheumatol [Internet]. 2019 Sep 6;71(9):1400–12. Available from:
https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.40930
19. Indonesia perhimpuna reumatologi. Diagnosis dan Pengelolaan Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik [Internet]. 2021. Available from:
https://reumatologi.or.id/download/diagnosis-dan-pengelolaan-lupus- eritematosus-sistemik/
20. Souirti Z, Lahlou M, Ouali O El, Chtaou N, Aarab C, Ghazouani F El, et al.
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Open J Rheumatol Autoimmune Dis [Internet]. 2013;03(02):86–91. Available from:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/ojra.2013.32013 21. Morand EF, Fernandez-Ruiz R, Blazer A, Niewold TB. Advances in the
management of systemic lupus erythematosus. BMJ [Internet]. 2023 Oct
26;e073980. Available from:
https://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj-2022-073980
22. Migliorini P, Baldini C, Rocchi V, Bombardieri S. Anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies. Autoimmunity [Internet]. 2005 Feb 7;38(1):47–54. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08916930400022715 23. Bessone F. Challenge of liver disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: Clues
for diagnosis and hints for pathogenesis. World J Hepatol [Internet].
2014;6(6):394. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/1948- 5182/full/v6/i6/394.htm
24. Bloch D b. measurement and clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies.
25. Liu Y, Anders HJ. Lupus Nephritis: From Pathogenesis to Targets for Biologic Treatment. Nephron Clin Pract [Internet]. 2014 Nov 8;128(3–
4):224–31. Available from:
https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/368581
26. O’Sullivan M, McLean-Tooke A, Loh RKS. Antinuclear antibody test. Aust Fam Physician [Internet]. 2013 Oct;42(10):718–21. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130974
27. Fava A, Buyon J, Mohan C, Zhang T, Belmont HM, Izmirly P, et al.
Integrated urine proteomics and renal single-cell genomics identify an IFN- γ response gradient in lupus nephritis. JCI Insight [Internet]. 2020 Jun 18;5(12). Available from: https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/138345 28. PerkinElmer E a, Kit company insert. ANA diagnostics using indirect
immunofluorecence. In: (online). 2020.
29. Shankar S, Behera V. Advances in management of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci [Internet]. 2014;19(1):28.
Available from: http://www.jmgims.co.in/text.asp?2014/19/1/28/126235 30. Fanouriakis A, Tziolos N, Bertsias G, Boumpas DT. Update οn the diagnosis
and management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis [Internet]. 2021 Jan;80(1):14–25. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051219
31. Bertoli AM, Vilá LM, Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, LUMINA Study Group.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA): LXI.
Value of C-reactive protein as a marker of disease activity and damage. J Rheumatol [Internet]. 2008 Dec;35(12):2355–8. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19004040
32. Lee WS, Amengual O. B cells targeting therapy in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Med [Internet]. 2020 Jan
2;43(1):16–35. Available from:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25785826.2019.1698929 33. Chamidah A, Wicaksono A. Pembuatan Konsentrat Omega-3 dari Minyak
Hati Hiu Botol dengan Metode Kristalisasi Urea. J Perikan Univ Gadjah Mada. 2021;23(2):119.
34. Diana fivi melva. Omega 3/6. J Kesehat Masy. 2012;6(2):29–31.
35. Punia S, Sandhu KS, Siroha AK, Dhull SB. Omega 3-metabolism, absorption, bioavailability and health benefits–A review. PharmaNutrition
[Internet]. 2019;10:100162. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100162
36. NIH. Omega-3 fatty acids Fact sheet for consumers. Natl Institutes Heal
[Internet]. 2021;9(2):1–3. Available from:
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-Consumer/
37. Sepidarkish M, Morvaridzadeh M, Akbari-Fakhrabadi M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Rezaeinejad M, Heshmati J. Effect of omega-3 fatty acid plus vitamin E Co-Supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev [Internet]. 2019;13(2):1649–
56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.018
38. Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Hursting SD. Omega-3 fatty acids for breast cancer prevention and survivorship. Breast Cancer Res [Internet]. 2015;17(1).
Available from: ???
39. Libinaki R, Gavin P. Changes in Bioavailability of Omega-3 (DHA) through Alpha-Tocopheryl Phosphate Mixture (TPM) after Oral Administration in Rats. Nutrients [Internet]. 2017 Sep 20;9(9):1042. Available from:
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/9/1042
40. Schuchardt JP, Hahn A. Bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
Prostaglandins, Leukot Essent Fat Acids [Internet]. 2013 Jul;89(1):1–8.
Available from:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0952327813000719
41. Schuchardt J, Schneider I, Meyer H, Neubronner J, von Schacky C, Hahn A.
Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different omega-3 fatty acid formulations - a comparative bioavailability study of fish oil vs. krill oil. Lipids Health Dis [Internet]. 2011;10(1):145.
Available from: http://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476- 511X-10-145
42. Toklu HZ, Hakan T, Celik H, Biber N, Erzik C, Ogunc A V., et al.
Neuroprotective Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. J Spinal Cord Med [Internet]. 2010 Jan 10;33(4):401–9.
Available from:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10790268.2010.11689719 43. Poumès‐Ballihaut C, Langelier B, Houlier F, Alessandri J, Durand G, Latge
C, et al. Comparative bioavailability of dietary α‐linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids in the growing rat. Lipids [Internet]. 2001
Aug;36(8):793–800. Available from:
https://aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s11745-001-0786-5 44. VISIOLI F, RISÈ P, PLASMATI E, PAZZUCCONI F, SIRTORI CR,
GALLI C. VERY LOW INTAKES OF N-3 FATTY ACIDS INCORPORATED INTO BOVINE MILK REDUCE PLASMA TRIACYLGLYCEROL AND INCREASE HDL-CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. Pharmacol Res [Internet]. 2000 May;41(5):571–6. Available from:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1043661899906503
45. Visioli F, Risé P, Barassi MC, Marangoni F, Galli C. Dietary intake of fish vs. formulations leads to higher plasma concentrations of n−3 fatty acids.
Lipids [Internet]. 2003 Apr;38(4):415–8. Available from:
https://aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s11745-003-1077-x 46. Petrovic S, Arsic A. Fatty Acids: Fatty Acids. Int food Inf Counc. 2020;623–
31.
47. Patten AR, Brocardo PS, Christie BR. Omega-3 supplementation can restore