SKRIPSI (18
*)
Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh derajat Sarjana Pertanian** pada Fakultas Pertanian
Universitas Bengkulu (12*)
Oleh:
Sutanto NPM. 00123456
Pembimbing :
Ir. Ummi Kalsum, MS.
Ir. Muhammad Arifin, MSc.
Bengkulu 2002
* = ukuran font
**= untuk PS TIP diganti dengan Sarjana Teknologi Pertanian
Lampiran 6. Contoh isi summary
SUMMARY
Adsorption and desorption of pesticide by the solid surfaces of soil control pesticide mobility in soils. This process reduces the soil solution concentration of the pesticide preventing its mobility. Both organic and inorganic soil components are involved in the adsorption processes. However, the relative importance of organic versus inorganic soil components on pesticide adsorption depends on the amount, distribution and properties of these components as well as chemical properties of pesticide itself. On type of pesticide that is commonly used is Paraquat (a member of dipyrydilium halides herbicides, strong bases, very soluble and completely ionized in water). This herbicide has very high water solubility that can accelerate the leaching potential of this herbicide to the groundwater through the soil profile or/and runoff. In soils with mostly kaolinitic clays, as in many areas in Indonesia, organic matter content may be relatively more important than in soils with chiefly montmorillonite clays as in areas of the temperate areas.(Rationale)
To observe the behavior of paraquat adsorption in tropical soils, the following specific objectives were evaluated: i) the importance of soils inorganic and organic phase in paraquat adsorption desorption, and ii) the affinity of organic and inorganic phase for paraquat. (Objectives)
This research was conducted in the laboratory of Soil Department, Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University. Paraquat was selected as herbicide. Four types of soils (Ultisol, Verisol, Andisol and Histosol) at two depth (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) were used in this study. Batch studies were carried out employing 50- ml test tubes. For each determination a 1 g of air-dried clay fraction sample and 5 g of air dried soil sample were added to each test tube along with 10 ml and 50 ml adsorbate solution respectively. These adsorbate solutions were made out of 1 N NaCl and Paraquat varying from 0,5,10,15,20,25 and 30 ppm for clay fraction and 0;2.5;5;7.5;10;12.5 and 15 ppm for soil sample. The samples were equilibrated for 4 hours at room temperature. Following the equilibration the samples were centrifuged and amounts of paraquat and the supernatant were collected for determination via UV spectrophotometer. Different between original paraquat concentration minus final paraquat concentration was taken to represent paraquat adsorbed. (Methods)
The results of this study provide evidence that Paraquat adsorption and desorption behavior on soil was not only affected by the type of soils, but also by factor such as the composition of organic and inorganic phase of the soil Results from equilibrium experiment demonstrate that Paraquat was completely adsorbed on Vertisol and Ultisol while less adsorption on Andisol and Histosol. Desorption experiment revealed that Paraquat desorption is hysteretic. The fraction of Paraquat that was desorbed from the soil decreased in the other of Histosol, andisol, Ultisol and Vertisol. Specifically, with increasing soil organic matter content the rate of Paraquat desorption increases. The information presented in this study shows the importance of organic and inorganic phase in paraquat adsorption. The strong adsortion of Paraquat on Vertisol and Ultisol as compared to Andisol and Histosol suggest that, this herbicide will probably not be
released to the soil solution by additions of fertilizers and limestone on Vertical and Ultisol. On the other hand, paraquat will be released to soil solution on Andisol and Histosol. (results)
In conclusion, the paraquat adsorption is more influenced by the inorganic fraction (clay minerals) than that of the organic fraction of the soil. However, the distribution of organic and inorganic fractions also determines the paraquat adsorption. When Paraquat applied to peat soil, only a small fraction is retained by the soil and thus the likelihood that this herbicide will be carried out by the runoff is great. (Conclusions).
Lampiran 7. Contoh tubuh teks suatu ringkasan
RINGKASAN
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PUNTUNG ROKOK SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK HAMA GOLONGAN APHIDS (Nusantara, di bawah bimbingan Joko Purwanto dan Suprijadi. 2002. 26 halaman)
Tubuh Teks
(Program Studi Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu)
Lampiran 8. Contoh isi ringkasan
Dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan produksi kedelai dijumpai banyak hambatan.
Salah satu hambatan tersebut adalah gangguan dari nematoda puru akar Meloidogyne incognita. Namun pada tingkat populasi beberapa M. incognita tersebut merusak/
berbahaya, serta jenis tanaman apa saja yang bersifat bukan inang buruk sebagai salah satu cara pengendalian dengan kultur teknis belum diketahui (Permasalahan Penelitian).
Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemampuan merusak atau patogenitas M. incognita pada tanaman kedelai serta kisaran inangnya pada berbagai tanaman gulma. (Tujuan Penelitian)
Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu uji patogenitas dan uji kisaran inang. Pada uji patogenitas terdaapat enam tingkat perlakuan larva nematoda M. incognita stadium II, yaitu 0; 250; 1000; 2000; 4000 ekor dengan lima kali ulangan. Pada uji kisaran inang digunakan 20 spesies tanaman sebagai perlakuan dengan tiga kali ulangan. Kedua tahap penelitian tersebut menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Udayana, mulai bulan Mei sampai denga n Nopember 1989. (Metode Penelitian)
Hasil uji patogenitas menunjukkan bahwa M. incognita bersifat patogenik terhadap tanaman kedelai varietas Orba karena mampu menekan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, menurunkan berat basah tanaman di atas tanah, mempertinggi berat basah akar dan menurunkan polong basah. Sedangkan hasil uji kisaran inang menunjukkan bahwa tanaman maniran, padi var. IR 36, kacang tanah, cabe, jagung var. lokal, kacang tunggak, kacang buncis, kacang hijau, dan cabe var, lokal tergolong bukan ina ng. Tanaman kubis cina, kecipir, bayam, tuton, dan kedelai var. Willis tergolong inang jelek, seledri tergolong inang sangat baik. Sedangkan tanaman tomat var. arglobe dan teki tergolong inang terbaik. (Hasil dan Kesimpulan)
Keberadaan M. incognita pada tanaman kedelai var. Orba patut diwaspadai karena bersifat patogenik. Untuk pengendaliannya digunakan giliran tanaman dengan tanaman bukan inang. (Saran)
(Dikutip dari Pedoman Pelaksanaan Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat oleh Perguruan Tinggi; Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Direktorat Pembinaan Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1996, edisi IV).
Lampiran 9. Contoh halaman pengesahan