II
Decide if the words below are nouns (N), verbs (V) or adjectives (A). Write N, V or A. (One word can have two labels.) Then match the words to the definitions.wealth salary
spend tax
save poverty
rich
A
wealthy
1 money that the government takes from you ...
.J�� ... ..
2 money that you keep for the future ... .
3 money that you receive from your employer ... . 4 the noun for being poor ... ..
5 an adjective to describe rich people ... .
possessions savings
inherit income
6 money that you receive from work, rent or investments ... . 7 things that you own ... ..
Unit 12 • Money -
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Complete what Fariba says with words from Exercise 1.In my country people do not pay much money to the government in (1) ... .- In general, most people earn a good (2)... from their jobs and we make sure we (3) ... enough money for the future. Some people are (4) ... and live in large houses and own expensive cars. These people (5) ... a lot of money on possessions. Some of their (6) ... . comes from renting flats to other people and from business
Fariba investments.
IJ
Pronouns are used to refer to nouns that have already been mentioned. Using pronouns helps you avoid repetition, connects your sentences together and makes your writing more fluent.Money is necessary to live. It pays for accommodation, food and clothing. (It = money)
People who do not have a lot of money can be happy. They can be happy for other reasons. (They = people who do not have a lot of money)
You can use this to refer to ideas.
The number of wealthy people is increasing in some parts of the world. This is good for the economy.
(This = The number of wealthy people is increasing in some parts of the world.) Complete the sentences with one of the pronouns below.
( ____ it ________ t_he_ v
_________ th_is ___ )
1 People who enjoy their work are often happy ...
Thi.s ...
means they often work harder and are better employees.2 Happiness comes in many different forms. For some people ... comes from work. For others ... comes from enjoying life.
3 The main reason people want to earn money is to improve their life. For example, ... might want to have more possessions.
4 Good weather can have an effect on people's happiness ... makes them feel more positive and less stressed.
5 Children often make a couple happier ... help adults focus on the most important tilings in life.
6 People who inherit a lot from their parents can become wealthy overnight. ... makes their lives much easier because ... no longer have to worry about their future income.
Now underline the noun or idea that each pronoun refers to. (The first one has been done as an example.)
fiJ
Sometimes we use this I these + noun to refer to an idea / different ideas.People who have a negative attitude to life can be very unhappy. This problem can affect everyone. Taxes have increased, salaries have been cut and food prices have risen. These factors have fed to a drop in living standards across the region.
Compl'ete, the sentences with this or these and the nouns (singular or plural) belo,w.
( ______ ap_p_ _ro_a_c_h ______ a_ctio_ _n ______ P_r_o_b_lem _ ______ c_h_an_ _ge _____ )
- Unit 12 ., Money
1 When governments raise or lower taxes, the income of citizens can increase or decrease .
... .. ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... have an effect on the wealth or poverty of a whole nation for many years.
2 Talking about money problems can help people understand how to manage them better in the future . ... is often used by counsellors.
3 Giving advice or gifts and lending money to friends are common in all cultures ... . help to increase the bonds between people.
4 It is difficult to know how much money to save for the future ... ... is common for many families with children.
Now underline the verbs after the added nouns. Are they singular or plural? Write S or P next to sentences 1-4 above.
Watch Out!
Make sure pronouns and verbs agree in number with the nouns they refer back to.
Running a business
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:::. ·� ��� �� .. �� �}�
_,, •":. ,::.�-�.,...
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Match the words 1-9 with their definitions a-ii.1 withdrawal
2 pension 3 pay slip 4 overdraft 5 mortgage
a if you have this, you have spent more money than you have in your bank account, and so you owe the bank money
b an amount of money that you take from your bank account c a sum of money that you pay to be allowed to do something
d a small piece of paper that shows how much an employer has paid you
e a regular sum of money received after retiring {retire = stop work completely), given by an emptoyer or by the state
6 current account f a punishment in which a person is ord'ered to pay a sum of money because they have done something illegal or broken a rule
7 cheque g a printed form on which you write an amount of money and who it is to be paid to.
Your bank then pays the money to that person from your account
8 fee h a personal bank account that you can take money out of at any time using your cheque book or cash card
9 fine a l'oan of money which you get from a bank or buil'.ding society in order to buy a house
Unit 12 • Money -
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Copy and complete the table with the words that relate to the categories. Some words relate to more than one category.ATM overdraft
fines
withdrawal cash point salary rent purchase pay slip loan investment hole in the wall fees debit card savings account mortgage credit card cheque automatic teller machine owe
Saving money Borrowing money from the bank
Getting your own money from the bank
Earning money Paying money
IJ
Now underline four phrases in the category 'Getting your own money from the bank' that have the same meaning.IJ
Complete these sentences using words from Exercise 2.1 I have to go to the ... before we go to the restaurant.
2 If you want to avoid paying a ... , you need to pay your taxes in time.
3 If your children attend private school, you need to pay school ... ·
4 The bank has given me an ... : if I owe them less than £100 they won't charge me interest.
5 When I moved, I took out a ... over 25 years, but I hope to pay it back early.
Watch Out!
Although few and a few both mean 'not many', they are used quite differently.
Few has a negative meaning. It emphasizes what is missing.
There are few copies of this book. = Not many copies exist, so you may not get one.
A few means 'a small number'. It emphasizes what is (stilO there.
There are afew copies of this book. = There aren't many copies but there are some, so you can stiU have one.
Note that few is normally used in a formal context.
IJ
Match the sentences 1-2 with their meaning a-b.1 It should be noted that there are a few theorists 2 It should be noted that there are few theorists who believe that this is the right way to do who believe that this is the right way to do
business. business.
a There are some theorists who believe that. b It is difficult to find a theorist who believes that.
- Unit 12 • Money