2.6 Concluding Remarks
2.6.3 New Horizons
Temperature-sensitive liposomes have progressed significantly since the early work of Yatvinet al.,38but by no means has the work in this field reached its potential. Only one formulation, LTSL, with only one drug, doxorubicin (as ThermoDoxs), has made it to human clinical trials. If these thermal-sensitive liposomes prove to be as effective in humans as in preclinical settings, a push for their use in the treatment of human disease and the encapsulation of a range of existing** and new drugsyy, for a series of other indications will likely be made. The beauty of encapsulating already FDA approved drugs is the smoother transition into the clinic. There are many chemotherapeutic drugs currently approved for human use and so with judicial choice, focusing mainly on water-soluble compounds, there are many opportunities for old chemo- therapeutics, new molecular-targeted therapies and biological-modifiers, to specific cellular molecular targets waiting to be encapsulated in temperature- and ‘‘other’’-sensitive liposomes for strategies that bring drugs to local tumors.
Since it is commonly said that one drug type cannot treat all cancers, variations in the chemotherapeutic drugs contained in these liposomes are needed. For a temperature-sensitive liposome, two drugs could be encap- sulated at antagonistic ratios, and released at the same time in the same place.
Also, work is currently being done to broaden the applicability of temperature-sensitive liposomes, especially in the area of encapsulating contrast agents for improved imaging modalities. Such co-encapsulation of a
**Listed at www.cancer.gov, there are 2,300þ agents that are being used in the treatment of patients with cancer or cancer-related conditions.
yyAccording to Dr. Richard Pazdur, head of the FDA’s office of oncology products, last year, 10 out of 30 new drugs approved by the FDA were for treatment of cancer. This year over 20 oncology applications are expected to be filed.
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drug and an imaging agent has definite clinical potential. Thus, LTSLs and other such thermally triggered-release systems are poised to make a significant impact in the delivery and controlled release of a series of existing and new anticancer compounds in a range of cancers; they just need to be warmed to 411C–421C.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to all the students, post docs and faculty collaborators who have made this work possible, including, especially, Dr. Zeljko Vujaskovic, and their clinical team; the post docs and graduate students Gopal Anyarambhatla, Garheng Kong, Jeff Mills, Alex Wright, Ana Ponce, Ji-Young Park, Ashley Manzoor, Ben Viglianti; and Michael Tardugno and Nicholas Borys at Celsion. The work was supported by several grants from NIH, including P01-CA42745, RO1-CA87630, RO1-GM40162, as well as 9213-ARG-0608 from the North Carolina Biotechnology Center. Clinical studies have been mainly supported by Celsion Corporation.
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pH-sensitive Liposomes in Drug Delivery
SHIVANI RAI PALIWAL,*
a,bRISHI PALIWAL
aAND SURESH P VYAS*
aaDrug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, M.P. India, 470003;bDepartment of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G., India, 495009
*Email: [email protected]; [email protected]