NO. 3 PIT RIVER TRIBES MERRIAM 3 1

Geographic

Names

used by As-tah-ke-\vT'-che Tribe

Alturas Plain Ko'-se-al-lek'-tah

Ash

CreekValley (belongstoAt-wum'-we) De-baw'-ke'-e

BigValley At'-wum'

Centerville or Rattlesnake Butte, about 8 miles east of Canby [name

now

changed by Govt. Geog. Board to

Opahwah]

O-pah'-wah

Forestedmountains between Canby and BigValley Hal-le'-wit

Hot

Springs or

Warm

Springs Valley (CanbyValley)..••Ah'-stah-re'-wah

;

As'-tah-ke'-wah

Little

Hat

Creek Tal'-le-mo'-mah

Mountainssouth of CanbyValley Del-ah'-ko

PitRiver A-ju'-mah

Round

Valley, immediately northeast of Adin (belongsti

At-wum'

-zvc of Big Valley) Se-te'-wah

South ForkPitRiver Tol-lok'-ko'-be

Warner

Mountains, between Alturas and Surprise Valley

(especially Eagle Peak) Wah'-dahk-cho'-se

THE HA-WE-Si'-DOO TRIBE

The

Ha'-zvc-s'i'-dooheld the

country on both

sidesof the

southern

jiart of

Goose Lake and

thence

southward

to the northern part of Alturas Plain,

about 8

miles

north

of Alturas;

and from

Ingalls

Swamp and

Mill

Spring on

the

west

to the suimnit of

Warner Mountains on

the east.'

From Goose Lake

easterlythe intertribal line

between themselves and

the Piute started

from

or

near Willow Ranch" on

the shore of the lake

and

followed

up Fandango Creek

5or

6

miles, continuing easterly to

Fandango

Valley,

where

several battles

with

the Piute

were

fought.

From Fandango

Valley

southward

to

Cedar Peak

the eastern

boundary

follows thecrest of

Warner Range. The

southern

bound-

aryisa nearly straight line

from Big Sage

Reservoirto

Cedar

Peak.

Their

territory is

mainly an open

desert plain dotted in the hills

with

junipers

and mountain mahogany. Their

principal rancheria

was on

the

mesa 8

or lo miles north of Alturas.

Villages of

the

Ha'-\ve-si'-doo

Ah-lahm'-se-ge.—

On

eastsideof southern part ofGoose Lake between Sugar Hill and Davis Creek.

Chah'-lahk-sc.

—

At or near west base of Cedar Mountain, about ii miles northeast of Alturas.

^The name

of the band ontheeast side ofGoose Lake isAh-lahm'-se-ge;

thatof theband onthe westsideisMd-too-tsa'.

'

Some members

ofthetribesaythatthelinewasatSugar Hill, 5or 6 miles south ofWillow Ranch.

32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL.

/S

Ha-we-si'-doo.

— ^On

^the mesa about lO miles north of Alturas.

The

ruHng

village, from whichthetribetookits name.

Md-too-tsa'.

— On

west sideof southern part of Goose Lake, about 14 miles north of Alturas.

Adjoining

tribes.

— The

Haf-zve-si'-doo

were

in contact

with

four tribes: theAs'-tah-ke-zmf-che

on

the

west

;the

Modok on

thenorth;

the Noi'thcrnPiute

on

the northeast

and

east;the Ko'-se-al-lek^te

on

the south.

THE Ko'-SE-AL-LEK'-TE TRIBE

Plates 16

and

17

The

Ko'-se-al-lek'-te are a small tribe centering

on

the Alturas Plain

and

reaching easterly to the crest of the

Warner Mountains.

Their

territory, nearly

square

in outline, is

sandwiched

in

between

thatof the

Ha-we-si'-doo on

the

north and

the

Ham-mah^-ive on

the south.

Their northern boundary extends

easterly

from Big Sage Reservoir

to

Cedar Mountain

(or

perhaps

the adjacent

Bald

Mt., called

Cedar Mt. on some maps)

;the eastern

boundary

follows the

summit

of

Warner Range from Cedar Mt.

to

Warren Peak

(called

Buck Mt. on some maps)

;the

southern boundary

is a straight line

from Warren Peak

toSignal

Butte on South Fork

Pit

River

(4 miles

north

of the

mouth

of

Fitzhugh Creek) and

continues westerly for 10 or 12 miles; the

western boundary,

apparently, is a

north-south

line

from Big Sage Reservoir southward,

passing a little

west

of

Essex Hot Spring and

continuing to intersectthe latitudeof Signal Butte. It thus includes the treeless desert region of Rattlesnake Creek, valuable stretches of

upper

^Pit

River and

the

lower

part of

South Fork

Pit, together

with

the several

streams

that flow westerly

from W^arncr Range

to

South Fork

PitRiver.""

Ko'-se-al-lek'-teVillages

and Bands

Del' -mo-mi'-che or Tal'-mo-mi'-che band (village Del-m-o'-mahy

—

^{At Essex}

Hot

Springs 10 mileswest of Alturas;westernmostbandof the Ko'-se-al- lek'-te.

Ham-mah'-le-lah'-pe.

—

Villageandband onPineCreeknear

mouth

ofcanyon where creekcomesoutfrom

Warren Peak

of

Warner

Range.

The

terri- tory ofthisbandadjoinsonthe south thatof theHam-mah'-we.

Ho-ma'-wet.

—

Village and bandatfootof

Warner Range

about 6 miles

NNE

of Alturas.

Ko'-se-al-lek'-tah.

—

Rulingband;villageonsite

now

occupiedbyAlturas.

Too'-me-litor Doo'-me-lit.

—

^Village andband about3 miles

SW

of Alturas.

^Ihavebeen reluctanttoaccordtribalranktosuch smalldivisions asthose of theHa'-we-si'-dooandKo'-se-al-lek'-te,butsincetheadjacentrelated tribes call them ^'tribes' and refuse to regard

them

as a part of themselves, and sinceeachcompriseda

number

ofvillages,noother courseseems open.

NO. 3 PIT

RIVER

TRIBES

MERRIAM ₃₃ THE HAM-MAH'-WE TRIBE

Plates18-21

The Ham-mah'-zvc,

Ko'-sc-aJ-lck'-tc

and

Ha'-i^c-si'-doo are the

easternmost

of the Pit

River

trihes.

They form

a north-southseries,

one above

another,

from Madehne

Plainsto

Goose Lake, and on

the east allthree abut against the

Northern

Piute. All three reach the crest of the

Warner Mountains

but

owing

to the slightly easterly trend of thesouthern part of the range, the

Ham-mah'-we

attain

a

longitude atriflenearer the rising

sun

than

do

either of their

more northern

neighbors.

The

territory of the

Ham-mah'-wc

lies

between

that of the

At-zmm'-zw and Ap-woo'-ro-Mc on

the

west and

the

Northern

Piute

on

theeast. Itisbroadestatthe north,

narrowing

rapidlytothe south.

The northern boundary

is a

remarkably

straight line 35 miles ⁱⁿ length,

running

nearly

due

east

from

Scheffer

Mountain

to

Warren Peak (known

also as

Buck Mountain,

alt'tude

9700

^ft.), crossing

South Fork

Pit

River

at Signal

Butte about 4

miles

north

of the junction of

Fitzhugh Creek with South Fork

Pit River,

midway between

Likely

and

Alturas.

The western boundary runs

south- easterly

from

Schefl^er

Mountain

(or

perhaps from Stone Coal Valley west

of Scheffer

Mountain)

following the divide eastofCot-

tonwood and Ash

Creeks,

and

thencesouth to the east sideof

Grass- hopper

Valley.

The

eastern

boundary

follows the crest of

Warner Mountains from Warren Peak southward

tothe

end

of the range,

beyond which

it curves to the

southwest between Cedar Creek and Red Rock

Valley, continuing apparentlyto

McDonald Peak and

thence south- westerly to the

end

of

Fredonyer Mts. south

of

Madeline

Plains.

The main

part of the territory of the

Ham-mah'-we

is

a broad open

plain bisected

by

the

marshy

valley of

South Fork

Pit

River and known

as Likely Valley. It includes Miadeline Plains

on

the south,

and

Jess

and West Creek

valleys

on

theeast. It is limited

on

the

west by

thehills

west

of

Madeline

Plains

and on

theeast

by

the divide

between Cedar Creek and Red Rock Creek — Red Rock

Valley

belonging

to the Piute.

The Ham-mah'-we

are in contact

with

four tribes: the closely related As-tah-ke-tin' -chc

and

Ko'-se-al-lek'-te

on

the north; the

At-wumf

-ive

and

Ap-zvoo'-ro-ka'c

on

the

west and southwest

; the

Northern

Piute

on

theeast

and

southeast.

34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL.

78 Former Permanent (Winter)

Villages of

the Ham-mah'-we

Bo'-yah.

—

In Jess Valley.

Sah-lah'-wit.

—In West

Creek Valley.

Tat'-nah-hom'-zah.

— On

Fitzhugh Creek near its junction with South Fork PitRiver.

Til-luk-ko'-be (Tul-luk-ko'-bc).

—

In Likely Valley near present settlement of Likely.

Names

used by

the Ham-mah'-we

for

Themselves and Other

Tribes

and Bands

Related tribes and bands:

A-choo'-mah'-we.

—

FallRiverValleytribe [A-choo'-mah'-we]

Ah-mitch'-e (Ah-mit'-se" Ah'-mit).

—

Dixie Valley

and EagleLaketribe [Ap-zcoo'-ro-ka'e]

As'-tah-ke'-zvatch, As-tah-re'-wah and As-tah-kah- we-zo'

.

— Hot

Springs orCanbyValleytribe [As-tah-ke-mi'-che]

At-wum'-zan'-nc.

—

^Big Valley tribe [At-zvum'-we]

Chah'-lahk'-sc.

—

Ha-we-si'-doo

Band

11miles

NNE

ofAlturas [Chah'-lahk-se]

Del-mo'-mah.

—

Band between Alturas and Canby

Valley [BandofKo'-se-al-lek'-te]

E-tah'-vte.

—

Another

name

forBigValleytribe....[At-wmn'-we]

Hah-dik'-yu'-we.'

— Hat

Creek tribe [At-soo-kcf-e]

Ham-mah'

-le-lah' -pe.

—

^Band of Ko-se-al-lek'-te on

Pine Creek

[Ham-mah'

-le-lah' -pe\

Ham-mah'-we. —

^Their

^name

for their

own

tribe;

used also by related tribes. Also called Tul- lok-ko'-be or Do-lu-ko'-be, the

name

of So.

Fork

Pit River [Ham-mah'-zve]

Ha-we-si'-doo.

—

Tribe extending from Goose Lake

southtoabout 8 miles north of Alturas [Ha-we-si'-doo]

Ko'-sd-lek'-tah.

—

^TribeonAlturas Plain [Ko'-sc-al-lek'-te]

Pat'-yu-lo'-mit.

— Ham-mah'-we

bands in

West

Creek and Jess Valleys [Pat-yii-lo'-mit]

To-bu'<^^-we, Dah-bo'^^^-eorBah-bo<^^-e.

— ^Ash

Creek

band ofAt-zvum'-zve [Dah-bo''''^-e]

Unrelated tribes:

Ah-poo'-e.

—

^Tribeinandeast of Surprise

Valley [NorthernPiute]

Loo'-too-ah'-iiie (Loot-zcah'-me).

—

Tribes north of Pit Rivertribes

[Modok

and Klamath,collectively]

Pah-kah'-mah-lc'.

—

^BigIMeadows Midoo...[No-to-koi'-yo Mi'-doo]

Names

used for

LIam-mah'-we

by

Other

Tribes

NAME

tribeUSING

NAME

As-pe-se' and Ah-pis'-sc-ye Af-zsjoo'-ro-kd'e At-zmmi-chan'-lie and

Ham-mah'-we

Mo-dcs'-se At-zvum'-jcn'-neand

Ham-mah'-we

As'-tah-ke-wl'-che

Ham-mah'-zvc .4t-zviim'-zi.'eandAs-tah-ke-zvi'-che

NO. 3 PIT

RIVER TRIBES MERRIAM

₃₅ Geographic

Names

used by

the Ham-mah'-we

Crooks Canyon,west of Likely Soo'-dah pe-da'-ge BlueLakethree milessouth of Jess Valley and

fiveeastof forks of

West

Creek Tes-ahp'-te

Eagle Lake As-soo-soo' kah'-te

Eagle Peakof

Warner Range

Wah'-dok-tsoo'-ge FitzhughCreekninemilesnorth of Likely Tan'-no-hum'-jah

Small hillsouth of Fitzhugh Creek Yahch-poo'-mah

Grasshopper Valley , At'-too-um-wah'

Horse Lake Tahs'-teat'-wum

(slurred, Tahs-taht'-wum)

Hot

Spring on South Fork Pit River east of

Likely Te'-mahkahtch'-hit

IndianReservation about four miles southeast of

Likely Choo-loo'-ko'-pe

Lava

hills (sagebrush and juniper) south of

IndianReservation Ko-pah'-ko

Pointedpeaksouth of Reservation Ten'-ne-heu'-it

Likely Valley Doo-loo'-ko'-be

Madeline Plains Sel-lat'-too-um

Sagebrush HoleorBasin Pah'-tahlahts ah'-mit Signal Butte twomiles northFitzhugh Creek..San-kow'-ja

Snowstorm

Mt.on

Piute-Hammahwe

boundary

(probably

McDonald

Peak) Choos'-Ieu ah'-ko

South ForkPitRiver Do-lu'-ko'-be

;

Doo-loo'-ko'-be; or Tu-lo-ko'-be

Warren

Peak, locally called

Buck Mt

Tahk'-tah-ga'-wah

Smallbutteateastbase

Warren

Peak Itch'-it