2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Under 18 11.7% 10.7% 12.0% 12.6% 14.4% 24.2% 22.6% 16.9%
18 to 24 23.6% 21.7% 22.9% 22.8% 24.9% 29.6% 27.9% 25.8%
25 to 34 27.0% 25.7% 26.0% 26.1% 27.1% 31.2% 29.7% 29.1%
35 to 44 23.3% 21.5% 22.1% 22.7% 24.4% 26.6% 26.3% 25.5%
45 to 54 18.8% 18.0% 18.0% 17.5% 19.4% 22.3% 22.3% 20.9%
55 and Over 9.0% 7.6% 7.4% 3.8% 7.9% 12.1% 12.1% 11.2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Figure 10.8 Percentage of Indiana Treatment Episodes with Polysubstance Abuse (Use of at least Three Substances) Reported at Treatment Admission, by Age Group (Treatment Episode Data Set, 2000–2007)
Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, 2008
Polysubstance users in cluster 5 reported using a combination of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana. Cluster 4 included individuals who reported using alcohol and cocaine. The remaining 13 clusters each accounted for 1.2% to 5.3% of polysubstance users.
Alcohol was the most commonly reported drug, appearing in 11 of the 16 clusters. Marijuana was the second most commonly represented drug, occurring in 10 of the 16 clusters. Cocaine was the third most frequently reported drug, and it was included in fi ve of the 16 clusters. Opiates/synthetic drugs appeared in four clusters, methamphetamine in three clusters, benzodiazepines in two clusters, and heroin, hallucinogens and other drugs were each represented in one cluster. For detailed information on all 16 clusters, see Table 10.3 (page 176).
Table 10.4 (pages 177-178) breaks down the clusters by demographic characteristics. In terms of gender, men accounted for 50% or more of the individuals within 15 of the 16 clusters. The difference in the percentages of men to women were smaller in clusters 2, 3, 10, 13, and 15, indicating that women may be more likely to use these combinations of drugs.
Clusters 1, 7, and 16 were the most male-oriented clusters. Cluster 12 was the only female-dominant cluster, with the percentage of women present (54.0%) higher than that of men (46.0%). Individuals in cluster 12 reported using a combination of marijuana, opiates/
synthetics, and barbiturates.
Racially, whites composed the largest percentage of polysubstance abusers within each cluster. Blacks, however, were more strongly represented in clusters 2, 5, and 13. These clusters were similar to one another in that all three included cocaine. Whites represented more than 90% of the population in clusters 3, 6, 10, 11, 12, and 15. These six clusters included less commonly used drugs, such as methamphetamine, opiates/synthetics, or benzodiazepines.
Over 50% of polysubstance abusers within each cluster were between the ages of 21 and 39. The youngest polysubstance users, those between the ages of 12 and 20, were more likely to be found in clusters 1, 8, and 16. Each of these clusters contained both alcohol and marijuana. The oldest polysubstance users, those over 50 years of age, were most strongly represented in cluster 13 (heroin/cocaine).
County-Level Analyses—We completed cluster analyses for each county within Indiana using the 2008 county-level TEDS data set. Appendix 10B (pages 180-185) lists the results of the cluster analysis for each county. Similar to the statewide fi ndings, the most common polysubstance cluster was composed of both alcohol and marijuana. This cluster was the top-ranked cluster in 65 of 92 counties.
Table 10.1 Image Matrix for Polysubstance Abuse Clusters (Treatment Episode Data Set, 2006)
Image Matrix Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 Cluster 5 Cluster 6 Cluster 7 Cluster 8
Drug
alcohol 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.92 0.89 0.66 cocaine 0.0 1.0 0.26 1.0 1.0 0.27 0.0 0.0 marijuana 1.0 0.94 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.59 1.0 heroin 0.01 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.01 0.03 methadone 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.03 0.0 0.02 opiates/synthetics 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 pcp 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hallucinogens 0.0 0.02 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 methamphetamine 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 amphetamines 0.01 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.0 stimulants 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 benzodiazepines 0.0 0.06 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.14 0.0 0.0 tranquilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 barbiturates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 sedatives/hypnotics 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.0 0.01 inhalants 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 over-the-counter 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 other drug 0.0 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.0 0.04 1.0 0.01
Image Matrix cont. Cluster 9 Cluster 10 Cluster 11 Cluster 12 Cluster 13 Cluster 14 Cluster 15 Cluster 16
Drug
alcohol 1.0 0.75 1.0 0.0 0.29 0.57 0.0 0.84 cocaine 0.0 0.35 0.0 0.05 0.67 0.00 1.0 0.0 marijuana 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.62 0.27 0.39 0.38 0.61 heroin 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.06 1.0 0.0 0.08 0.0 methadone 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.0 opiates/synthetics 0.0 0.14 0.0 0.53 0.10 0.0 1.0 0.0 pcp 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.0 0.02 hallucinogens 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 methamphetamine 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.17 0.04 0.0 0.11 0.0 amphetamines 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.24 0.0 0.0 stimulants 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 0.0 0.05 benzodiazepines 1.0 0.05 0.0 1.0 0.04 0.0 0.09 0.0 tranquilizers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 barbiturates 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.11 0.0 0.03 sedatives/hypnotics 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.0 0.0 inhalants 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.06 0.0 0.01 over-the-counter 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 other drug 0.0 0.13 0.0 0.05 0.03 0.0 0.01 0.0
Note: Each number in the image matrix represents the percentage of individuals within a cluster that used each individual drug. For example, in cluster 1, 100% used alcohol, 0% used cocaine, 100% used marijuana, 10% used heroin, and so on.
Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, 2008
Table 10.2 Identity Matrix for Polysubstance Abuse Clusters (Treatment Episode Data Set, 2006)
Identity Matrix Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 Cluster 5 Cluster 6 Cluster 7 Cluster 8
Drug
alcohol 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 cocaine 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 marijuana 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 heroin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 methadone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 opiates/synthetics 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
pcp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hallucinogens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 methamphetamine 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 amphetamines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 stimulants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 benzodiazepines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 tranquilizers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 barbiturates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sedatives/hypnotics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 inhalants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over-the-counter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 other drug 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Identity Matrix cont. Cluster 9 Cluster 10 Cluster 11 Cluster 12 Cluster 13 Cluster 14 Cluster 15 Cluster 16
Drug
alcohol 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 cocaine 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 marijuana 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 heroin 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 methadone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 opiates/synthetics 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
pcp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hallucinogens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 methamphetamine 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 amphetamines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 stimulants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 benzodiazepines 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 tranquilizers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 barbiturates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sedatives/hypnotics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 inhalants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over-the-counter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 other drug 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Note: The identity matrix simplifi es the information from the image matrix by using the percentages to assign a “1” or
“0” to each drug. A “1” indicates that at least 50% of people in a cluster used the drug, and a “0” indicates that less than 50% of people in a cluster used the drug. The binary use of “1” and “0” provides a clearer picture of the drugs most commonly used within each cluster.
Table 10.3 Combination of Drugs Used among Polysubstance Abusers in Substance Abuse Treatment in Indiana (Based on Cluster Analysis of Treatment Episode Data Set, 2006)
Cluster N (%)
1 – alcohol/marijuana 6,619 (31.5)
5 – alcohol/cocaine/marijuana 2,794 (13.3)
4 – alcohol/cocaine 1,855 (8.8)
11 – alcohol/marijuana/methamphetamine 1,116 (5.3)
2 – cocaine/marijuana 1,090 (5.2)
3 – marijuana/methamphetamine 1,053 (5.0)
7 – alcohol/marijuana/other drug 998 (4.8)
8 – alcohol/marijuana/opiates-synthetics 951 (4.5)
10 – alcohol/cocaine/methamphetamine 863 (4.1)
6 – alcohol/opiates-synthetics 804 (3.8)
13 – cocaine/heroin/benzodiazepines 655 (3.1)
12 – marijuana/opiates-synthetics/benzodiazepines 650 (3.1)
9 – alcohol/marijuana/benzodiazepines 514 (2.4)
15 – cocaine/opiates-synthetics 486 (2.3)
14 – alcohol with no other clear drug 293 (1.4)
16 – alcohol/cocaine/hallucinogens 248 (1.2)
Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, 2008
Table 10.4 Demographic Characteristics of Polysubstance Abusers within Clusters (Treatment Episode Data Set, 2006)
Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 n = 6619 % n=1090 % n=1053 % n=1855 %
Gender
Male 5144 77.7 579 53.1 565 53.7 1135 61.2 Female 1475 22.3 511 46.9 488 46.3 720 38.8 Race
White 5333 80.6 714 65.5 999 94.9 1038 56.0 Black 995 15.0 339 31.1 15 1.4 717 38.7 Other 203 3.1 27 2.5 24 2.3 52 2.8 Unknown 88 1.3 10 .9 15 1.4 48 2.6 Age
12-20 1432 21.6 120 11.0 116 11.0 32 1.7 21-29 2653 40.1 368 33.8 451 42.8 328 17.7 30-39 1231 18.6 347 31.8 326 31.0 598 32.2 40-49 1023 15.5 213 19.5 134 12.7 712 38.4 50 and Older 270 4.1 37 3.4 23 2.2 178 9.6 Unknown 11 .2 5 .5 3 .3 9 .5 Education
Less than H.S. 2590 39.1 456 41.8 449 42.6 572 30.8 H.S. Diploma 2718 41.1 438 40.2 447 42.5 819 44.2 Above H.S. 1027 15.5 174 16.0 120 11.4 420 22.6 Unknown 284 4.3 22 2.0 37 3.5 44 2.4
Cluster 5 Cluster 6 Cluster 7 Cluster 8 n =2794 % n=804 % n=998 % n=951 % Gender
Male 1917 68.6 459 57.1 715 71.6 662 69.6 Female 877 31.4 345 42.9 283 28.4 289 30.4 Race
White 1924 68.9 742 92.3 845 84.7 896 94.2 Black 750 26.8 22 2.7 94 9.4 22 2.3 Other 74 2.7 26 3.2 34 3.4 15 1.6 Unknown 46 1.6 14 1.7 25 2.5 18 1.9 Age
12-20 195 7.0 46 5.7 165 16.5 197 20.7 21-29 819 29.3 278 34.6 328 32.9 451 47.4 30-39 866 31.0 214 26.6 209 20.9 179 18.8 40-49 732 26.2 190 23.6 208 20.9 96 10.1 50 and Older 174 6.3 70 8.7 83 8.3 26 2.7 Unknown 8 .3 6 .7 5 .5 2 .2 Education
Less than H.S. 871 31.2 229 28.5 440 44.1 373 39.2 H.S. Diploma 1263 45.2 339 42.2 375 37.6 404 42.5 Above H.S. 481 17.2 213 26.5 157 15.7 139 14.7 Unknown 79 2.8 23 2.9 26 2.6 35 3.7
(continued on next page)
Table 10.4 (continued from previous page)
Cluster 9 Cluster 10 Cluster 11 Cluster 12 n = 6619 % n=1090 % n=1053 % n=1855 %
Gender
Male 321 62.5 472 54.7 729 65.3 299 46.0 Female 193 37.5 391 45.3 376 34.7 351 54.0 Race
White 482 93.8 813 94.2 1046 93.7 622 95.7 Black 16 3.1 9 1.0 12 1.1 15 2.3 Other 7 1.4 30 3.5 37 3.3 10 1.5 Unknown 9 1.8 11 1.3 21 1.9 3 .5 Age
12-20 102 19.8 33 3.8 146 13.1 81 12.5 21-29 187 36.4 320 37.1 493 44.2 271 41.7 30-39 120 23.3 319 37.0 311 27.9 169 2.6 40-49 77 15.0 151 17.5 152 13.6 91 1.4 50 and Older 23 4.5 27 3.1 14 1.3 35 5.4 Unknown 5 1.0 3 .3 0 .0 3 .5 Education
Less than H.S. 213 41.4 331 38.4 538 48.2 260 40.0 H.S. Diploma 183 35.6 372 43.1 426 38.2 271 41.6 Above H.S. 106 20.6 143 16.6 133 11.9 105 16.2 Unknown 12 2.3 17 2.0 19 1.7 14 2.2
Cluster 13 Cluster 14 Cluster 15 Cluster 16 n =2794 % n=804 % n=998 % n=951 % Gender
Male 355 54.2 174 59.4 252 51.9 190 76.9 Female 300 45.8 119 40.6 234 48.1 57 23.1 Race
White 419 64.0 255 87.0 447 92.0 220 89.1 Black 190 29.0 22 7.5 26 5.3 18 7.3 Other 18 2.7 10 3.4 7 1.4 6 2.4 Unknown 14 2.1 6 2.0 6 1.2 3 1.2 Age
12-20 37 5.6 52 17.7 34 7.0 51 20.6 21-29 183 27.9 98 33.4 202 41.6 118 47.8 30-39 155 23.7 78 26.6 141 29.0 46 18.6 40-49 127 19.4 56 19.1 82 16.9 25 10.1 50 and Older 152 23.2 9 3.1 26 5.3 6 2.4 Unknown 1 .2 0 .0 1 .2 1 .4 Education
Less than H.S. 187 28.5 115 39.2 162 33.3 78 31.6 H.S. Diploma 306 46.7 127 43.3 198 40.7 107 43.3 Above H.S. 147 22.4 43 14.7 125 25.7 46 18.6 Unknown 15 2.3 8 2.7 11 2.3 16 6.5
Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, 2008