CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
C. Procedure of the Research
In this classroom action research, the research conducted based on the one group of pre-test and post-test design. The researcher took one class where the students were given pre-test before they were given material about speaking. The students were also given post-test after they were given the treatment from the researcher. Then, the researcher would like to hold the research at least in two cycles. There were four steps in every cycle, they were planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. If the first cycle had fail, it must be reviewed at the second cycle. There was relation between one cycles with other cycles.
Here are the steps of classroom action research design by Jean Mc Kniff and Jack Whitehead.31
31McKniff, Jean and Jack Whitehead, Action Reseaerch Principle and Practice (Second Edition), London and New York: Routledge Falmer, 2002, p. 41.
Figure 2.
The explanation about the steps of the cycle as follow:
1. Cycle 1 a. Planning
Planning was the first step in each activity. The researcher should make a preparation in planning, such as:
1) The researcher prepared the lesson plan, the material, and media.
2) The researcher prepared the source of learning.
3) The researcher planed to give task and evaluation.
b. Acting
Acting was the realization from the planning that made by the researcher. The steps were following:
1) Preparing
In this research, the researcher observed the students with the purposed to know the problem in the process of learning.
The researcher arranged the learning design with a technique and evaluation.
act plan
observe
reflect act
plan
observe
reflect
2) Process of Learning
The researcher used a sheet of observation. It used to make some notes of the activities in the process of learning speaking ability by using pair work technique.
A pre-test was given to the students to know the students speaking ability before the treatment by the researcher and gave a post test to know the students speaking ability after they were taught by using pair work technique. In this case, the researcher would compare the scores of the students before and after using pair work technique. It used to see whether the student‟s score increase or not.
c. Observing
Observation was the activity to record the event and action in the research. In this research, the observation did in a learning process. So, the observation finished together with the action that had been mentioned before. The observation in the learning process was taken by notes. It was to know how far the students speaking ability by using pair work technique.
d. Reflecting
In this step, the data that got from the observation in the action stage analyzed to know was the learning process decrease or increase. It used to increase the students speaking ability in the following cycle. After comparing the score of pre-test and post-
test, the researcher reviewed and gave reflection to the attitude of the students in learning process, and the result was for evaluation the material and reflection in the second research.
2. Cycle 2
The steps of the second cycle are same with the first cycle. The steps as follow:
a. Planning
Planning was the first step in each activity. The researcher should make a preparation in planning, such as:
1) The researcher prepared the lesson plan, the material, and media.
2) The researcher prepared the source of learning.
3) The researcher planed to give task and evaluation.
b. Acting
Acting was the realization from the planning that made by the researcher. The steps were following:
1) Preparing
In this research, the researcher observed the students with the purpose to know the problem in the process of learning.
The researcher arranged the learning design with a strategy and evaluation.
2) Process of Learning
The researcher used a sheet of observation. It used to make some notes of the activities in the process of learning speaking ability by using pair work technique.
A pre-test was given to the students to know the students speaking ability before the treatment by the researcher and gave a post test to know the students speaking ability after they were taught by using pair work technique. In this case, the researcher would compare the scores of the students before and after using pair work technique. It used to see whether the student‟s score increase or not.
e. Observing
Observation was the activity to record the event and action in the research. In this research, the observation did in a learning process. So, the observation finished together with the action that had been mentioned before. The observation in the learning process was taken by notes. It was to know how far the students speaking ability by using pair work technique.
f. Reflecting
In this step, the data that got from the observation in the action stage analyzed to know was the learning process decrease or increase. It used to increase the students speaking ability in the following cycle. After comparing the score of pre-test and post-
test, the researcher reviewed and gave reflection to the attitude of the students in learning process, and the result was for evaluation the material and reflection in the next research.