In this classroom action research, the research is conducted based on the one group pre test and post test design. The researcher takes one class where the students are given on pre test before they are given material about speaking that is introducing. The students are also given post test after they are given the treatment. Then, the researcher would like to hold the research in two cycles. There are four steps in cycle, they are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. If the first cycle had fail, the cycle must be reviewed for the second cycle. There is a relationship between one and other.
Here is steps classroom action research design:26
26 McNiff, Jean and Jack Whitehead, Action Reasearch: Principles and Practice (Second Edition), London and New York:RoutledgeFalmer. 2002, p.41
Figure1.1. The cycle of the classroom action research by Jean Mc Kniff with Jack Whitehead
1. Cycle 1 a) Planning
Planning is the first step in each activity. Here is step that the reseacher can make in planning:
1) The reseacher prepares the lesson plan, the material and the media.
2) The reseacher prepares sourch learning.
3) The reseacher plans to give the task and evaluation.
b) Acting
The second in the action research is acting. It is the realization from the planning which has made by researcher. The steps are as follows:
1) Preparing
The reseacher observes the students in this research to know the problems in the process of learning. After getting the problems, the writer arranges a learning design with an approach and evaluation.
act plan
observe
reflect act
plan
observe
reflect
2) Process of Learning
The reseacher uses a sheet of observation. It aims to make some notes of the activities in the process of learning swriting by using draw label caption strategy narrative paragraph.
A pre test is given to the students to know the early students’
ability before treatment and give a post test to know the students ability after they are taught by using draw label caption strategy narrative paragraph. In this case, the reseacher will compare the scores before and after using draw label caption strategy. It is aimed to see whether the students’ scores increase or not.
c) Observing
Observation is the activity to record the event and action. In this research, the observation will do in a learning process. In other words, this observation will be done together with action that has been mentioned in action stage. The observation in teaching learning process is recorded by using note. This is to know how far the students’ writing ability by using draw label caption strategy narrative paragraph.
d) Reflecting
In this step the data get from observation in each action. From the data can be analyzed to know the decrease or increase in learning process. It is used to improve the students’ writing ablity in following cycle. After comparing the score distribution of pre test and post test,
the resacher review and reflect the students’ attitude and performance whether it is positive or negative. The result is for evaluation material and for reflection to the second research.
2. Cycle 2
The step at the second cycle is same with the first cycle by the less action.
Here are the step of second cycle:
a) Planning
Planning is the first step in each activity. Here is step that the researcher can make in planning:
1) The researcher prepares the lesson plan, the material and the media.
2) The researcher prepares source learning.
3) The researcher plans to give the task and evaluation.
b) Acting
The second in the action research is acting. It is the realization from the planning which has made by researcher. The steps are as follows:
1) Preparing
The reseacher observes the students in this research to know the problems in the process of learning. After getting the problems, the writer arranges a learning design with an strategy and evaluation.
2) Process of Learning
The reseacher uses a sheet of observation. It aims to make some notes of the activities in the process of learning writing by using draw label caption strategy narrative paragraph.
A pre test is given to the students to know the early students’ ability before treatment and give a post test to know the students ability after they are taught by using learner centered insruction approach. In this case, the reseacher will compare the scores before and after using learner centered insruction approach.
It is aimed to see whether the students’ scores increase or not.
c) Observing
Observation is the activity to record the event and action.
In this research, the observation will do in a learning process. In other words, this observation will be done together with action that has been mentioned in action stage. The observation in teaching learning process is recorded by using note. This is to know how far the students’ writing ability by using draw label caption strategy narrative paragraph.
d) Reflecting
In this step the data get from observation in each action.
From the data can be analyzed to know the decrease or increase in learning process. It is used to improve the students’ writing ablity in following cycle. After comparing the score distribution of pre test and
post test, the reseacher review and reflect the students’ attitude and performance whether it is positive or negative. The result is for evaluation material and for reflection to the second research.