A. Research Design
The kind of the research was descriptive research. The researcher utilized a quantitative strategy and writing test as the instrument of the research. With the aim to know students’ ability on the use of preposition made by the seventh grade of SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro. So in this research independent variable, students’ ability in writing skill (X) and the dependent variable is Preposition (preposition of time, place and manner) (Y). The design variables of the research were given in the following figure by Riduwan and Sunarto (2012).
Figure 3.1 Research Design
B. Population and Sample a. Population
The population of this reasearch was the seventh grade students’ of SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro. The total number of the population were 254 students. However, not all students are used as the sample of the research.
The 254 students were divided into nine classes. A class consisted of 29 students, and B, C, D, E, F class consisted of 32 students each class, G and H
Students’ ability( X ) Preposition (Y)
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consisted of 22 students each class, and I class consisted of 21 students. And total of population was 254 students.
b. Sample
The researcher applied Purposive Sampling Technique because the level of all the students’ writing and the students position in the class is based on the ability or their learning result. The researcher took one class of the seventh grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro as a sample. The researcher took A class consisted of 29 students because the ability of the students in the class to have a high enough value in English than other students in the seventh grade. So the researcher measured students' ability in writing prepositions. So that the data obtained later can be more representative.
C. Research Instrument
To recognize the students’ ability in using preposition, the researcher used writing test as the instrument. Test was used when the researcher worked on the inquiry of numbers using statistics in analyzing obtained the data. The researcher used this instrument to gain the data and identify the percentage and level of students’ ability.
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D. Data Collection
The researcher used the procedures of research as follows:
1. The researcher determined the subject of the research.
2. The researcher determined the instrument of the research.
The researcher used writing test as the instrument which consist of 10 number of the test.
3. Collected the students’ work.
4. The researcher collected students’ work sheet after conducted the test.
5. Analyzed the data. There were some steps to analyze the data after giving the test, as the following :
a) Checked the students’ name and identity.
b) Corrected the students’ answer sheet one by one.
c) Gave the students’ score.
d) Determined level of each students’
e) Classified the students’ level of ability to know the frequency’s percentage of students’ classification
f) Calculated the total average score of the students’ to concluded the category of students’ work.
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E. Data Analysis
From the data that have been collected then a descriptive analysis of the data is carried out by way of describing objectively and systematically the existing situation in the field.
To analyze the data the researcher used steps were as follows:
1. Checked the students answer sheet.
2. Corrected the students answer sheet one by one.
3. Gave the students score. Scoring system of the test is gave score one to each correct answers and zero to the wrong answer. Then, the total of correct answer is devided by the total test item and text test by 100, so that the highest score is 100.
And then, to know the students’ score from test, the researcher used the formula in by Sudjono (1996) as follows:
4. Determined the category of students ability. The researcher classified the students’ score one by one used score category as follow:
Table 3.2 Student’s Score Category
No Score
Interval Level of
Ability
1 80-100 Excellent
2 66-79 Good
𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝐺𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 ×100
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3 56-65 Fair
4 40-55 Poor
5 0-39 Very poor
(Gay, 2006 : 320) 5. Classified the students’ level work. After the students’ score is
classified the researcher put it into percentage of classification before made a chart to know the students’ classification ability easily. The researcher used formula of percentage by Sudjono (1989:79).
: Notes :
P percentage number F : frequency
N : number of cases (number of frequency or individual) 𝑃 =𝐹
𝑁 ×100%
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter was divided into two parts, namely findings and discussions. It showed the results of research findings and sheds more light on those findings. The findings of this study relate to the answers to the research questions about the use of preposition in descriptive text of seventh grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro.
And the discussion section, further information was also provided by the researcher.
A. Research Findings
This research was conducted at the seventh grade students’ of SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro in academic year of 2021/2022. The subject of this research was the A class of seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro. The purpose of this research was to gain the description of students’ ability in using preposition (Preposition of time, preposition of place, preposition of manner). The researcher gave a test of students’ ability in using preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, prepsotiion of manner) in descriptive text to them. After that, the researcher collected and analyzed the data. It was mentioned that the research findings were analyzed based on the students’ ability in using preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, prepsotiion of manner) in descriptive text. It was done to give the relevant answer to research questions posed in statement of the problem: “How is the students’ ability in using preposition in descriptive text of the seventh grade students’
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at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro?” In completing the data, the researcher corrected the students’ answer sheet. The researcher gave one score for correct answer and zero score for wrong answer. The test was fill in the blank in Descriptive text (Borobudur Temple) that was used to measure students’ ability in using preposition (Preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner).
A.1. The Use of Preposition in Decriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro
The result of the students’ test, the researcher found that there were many students who were correct in using preposition in descriptive text. In this study, the researcher used tests as a tool to collect the data sample of the seventh grade students’
at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro, where students have to complete the blank by choosing which one of the correct preposition.
a. Data number 1
It was built 1…… (at/in) the ninth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom.
The correct answer : It was built in the ninth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom
Based on the data above, preposition “in” is the correct answer of data number 1.
The preposition “in” is a preposition of time that used to discuss months, seasons, years, centuries, general times of day, and longer periods of time. The ninth century showed that time in the sentence. For this question, 23 students answer correctly and 6 students answer incorrectly.
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b. Data number 2.
Borobudur is located 2……. (in/at) Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
The correct answer : Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Based on the data above, preposition “in” is the correct answer of data number 2.
The preposition “in” showed the area of something enclosed, and a building.
Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia showed that place in the sentence. For this question, 14 students answer correctly and 15 students answer incorrectly.
c. Data number 3 and 4
The reason is 3……. (at/on) that time Hinduism and Buddhism developed simultaneously 4…….. (on/at) the island of Java
The correct answer : The reason is at that time Hinduism and Buddhism developed simultaneously on the island of Java
- Based on the data above, preposition “at” is the correct answer of data number 3.
The preposition “at” This preposition of time is used to discuss clock times, holidays and festivals, and other very specific time frames including exceptions. at that time Hinduism and Buddhism showed that time in the sentence. For this question, 10 students answer correctly and 19 students answer incorrectly.
- Based on the data number 4, preposition “on” is the correct answer of data number 4. The preposition “on” this preposition of place is used when talking about a specific place but still quite broad. On can be used for non-specific addresses, left or right positions, surfaces, and when on public transportation. For this question, 19 students answer correctly and 10 students answer incorrectly
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d. Data number 5
Its construction is influenced 5………… (by/with) the Gupta architecture of India.
The correct answer : Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India.
Based on the data number 5, preposition “by” is the correct answer of data number 5. The preposition of manner “by” is the correct answer because the preposition describes the object that is the actor in the sentence.
For this question, 13 students answer correctly and 16 students answer incorrectly.
e. Data number 6
The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls adorned 6……….
(with/by) buddhist sculpture in bas-relief
The correct answer : The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls adorned with buddhist sculpture in bas-relief
Based on the data number 6, preposition “with” is the correct answer form the data number 6. The preposition of manner “with” because the sentence explain details of the terraces of Borobudur Temple. For this question, 18 students answer correctly and 11 students answer incorrectly.
f. Data number 7 and 8
On the way, pilgrims walk through a series of hallways and stairs 7……… (by/on) witnessing 1,460 reliefs engraved 8……….(on/at) the stone walls of the temple.
The correct answer : On the way, pilgrims walk through a series of hallways and stairs by witnessing 1,460 reliefs engraved on the stone walls of the temple
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- Based on the data number 7, preposition “by” is the correct answer form the data number 7. The preposition of manner “by” is the correct answer because witnessing word is the noun, when using preposition of manner the preposition object used can be a Noun, Pronoun, or Gerund. For this question, 5 students answer correctly and 24 students answer incorrectly.
- Based on the data number 8, preposition “on” is the correct answer form the data number 8. The preposition of place on because the preposition on indicates the surface of something – a stone, a window, a desk, or anything). The word on top of emphasizes the highest even surface. It is utilized with an item that has some tallness). For this question, 16 students answer correctly and 13 students answer incorrectly.
g. Data number 9
Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument 9………
(at/in) 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
The correct answer : Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
Based on the data number 9, preposition “in” is the correct answer form the data number 8. The preposition of time in because in used to discuss months, seasons, years, centuries, general times of day, and longer periods of time. in 1983 showed time in that sentence. For this question, 18 students answer correctly and 11 students answer incorrectly.
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h. Data number 10
10……… (with/in) its magnificent size and architecture, no wonder that Borobudur Temple includes 7 wonders of the world.
The correct answer : With its magnificent size and architecture, no wonder that Borobudur Temple includes 7 wonders of the world. Based on the data number 10, preposition “with” is the correct answer form the data number 10. The preposition of manner with because the sentence explain about the characteristic of Borobudur Temple. its magnificent size and architecture showed the characteristic of the sentence. For this question, 26 students answer correctly and 2 students answer incorrectly.
Determining the level of student’s mastery in using preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner). Scoring system of the test was given score one to each correct answers and zero to the wrong answer. Then, to know the students’ score from test, the researcher using the formula in by Sudjono (1996).
Then, the total of correct answer was devided by the total test item by 100, so that the highest score was 100.
Based on the result of counting the test, the students’ score can be seen on the table below:
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Table 4.1. Students’ score categories NO. RESPONDENT
(STUDENT)
RIGHT ANSWER
ITEMS SCORE CATEGORIES
1 A1 4 10 40 Poor
2 A2 6 10 60 Good
3 A3 4 10 40 Poor
4 A4 6 10 60 Good
5 A5 4 10 40 Poor
6 A6 6 10 60 Good
7 A7 5 10 50 Fair
8 A8 6 10 60 Good
9 A9 4 10 40 Poor
10 A10 6 10 60 Good
11 A11 6 10 60 Good
12 A12 7 10 70 Good
13 A13 3 10 30 Very Poor
14 A14 7 10 70 Good
15 A15 5 10 50 Fair
16 A16 7 10 70 Good
17 A17 5 10 50 Fair
18 A18 5 10 50 Fair
19 A19 7 10 70 Good
20 A20 6 10 60 Good
21 A21 2 10 20 Very Poor
22 A22 10 10 100 Excellent
23 A23 4 10 40 Poor
24 A24 3 10 30 Very Poor
25 A25 5 10 50 Fair
26 A26 6 10 60 Good
27 A27 5 10 50 Fair
28 A28 9 10 90 Excellent
29 A29 8 10 80 Excellent
The results of the students’ test, the researcher found that there were still many students who have poor in using preposition. In this study, the researcher used the test as a tool used to collect data on A class of seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro, where students were directed to fill in the blanks by choosing the best answer of preposition
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in descriptive text. Based on the results of the research, most students’ had poor when used preposition in descriptive text. The result of the students’ test of preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner) presented on the research findings table below:
The percentage of the students’ ability in used preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner) in descriptive text by A class of seventh grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro.
A.2. Table 4.2 Percentage of students’ ability in used preposition (Preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner) in descriptive text by A class of seventh grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro
No Level of Ability Total of students’ Percentage
1 Excellent 3 10,34 %
2 Good 12 41, 38 %
3 Fair 6 20,70 %
4 Poor 5 17,24 %
5 Very poor 3 10,34 %
Total 29 100%
Based on the table above, the researcher found that there were many students who had Good level of abiliy in used preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place and preposition of manner) by the A class of seventh grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro. The researcher got a result there were only 3 students’ (10,34%) who had Excellent level of ability in used preposition, 12 students’ (41,38%) who had Good level of ability in used preposition, 5 students’ (17,27%) who had Fair level of
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ability in used preposition, 6 students (20,70%) who had Poor level of ability in used preposition, and 3 students’ (10,34%) who had Very Poor level of ability in used preposition.
B. Discussion
This research provides an overview of students’ ability in using preposition (Preposition of time, preposition of place and preposition of manner) in descriptive text of the seventh grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 based on the result of the writing tests.
B.1. The Use of Preposition in Decriptive Text of the Seventh Grade Students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro
In this study, the researcher found that there were several levels of students' abilities when using prepositions (preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner). The same finding is also proven by Samae (2018) that there are 5 levels of student ability when using preposition words. The level of student ability in question includes the level of excellent, good, fair, poor and very poor.
Moderate. There are 5 levels that are categorized, then the data shows that the level that the students have is a Fair ability level. The same finding from Fabela et al (2019) in their research showed that there are 4 level ability namely : good level, excellent level, average level and poor level, then their data shows that the level that the students have is a Poor ability level. And the third research to proven the researcher research from by Fahmi (2018). His research same by Fabela et al (2019)
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which has 4 level students’ abilities researched. Based on previous findings, the differences between the findings of this study and previous studies indicate that there are differences in the findings of students' ability levels, and the types of tests given to students. Research by Fahmi (2018) and Samae (2018) used descriptive quantitative method, while Fabela et al research (2019) used descriptive qualitative method. And this study shows that the students' level of ability belongs to Good level when use preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place and preposition of manner) in descriptive text, the researcher used descriptive quantitative as a method for the research.
Based on the result of this research, majority the students’ ability in using preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner) of the seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro in the academic year of 2021/2022 belongs to Good level of ability. Through the data, the researcher obtained that 3 students or 10,34% were included in the highest score or having excellent level of ability. 12 students or 41,38% students were included in good level. Then, 6 students or 20,70% were included in fair level, 5 students or 17,24% students were included in poor level and 3 students or 10,34% students were included in very poor level. It means that the students’ ability was belong to good level by result percentage.
Based on the findings above, it can be concluded that there are many students’
in the A class of seventh grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro have good level
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of ability in SMP Negeri 1 Bunggoro, Class A has higher knowledge than other classes. Therefore, many of the class A students have a good level to answer the preposition test in the Borobudur temple text.
38 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION
After collecting data and analyzing the research result, the researcher drew some conclussion and suggestion in analyzing students’ ability in used preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, preposition of manner) :
A. Conclussion
Based on the data analysing of the students’ students’ ability in used preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, preposition of manner) in descriptive text of seventh grade students’ of SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro.
In using preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, preposition of manner) in descriptive text of seventh grade students’ of SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro Based on the findings above, it can be concluded that there are many students in A class have good level of ability and able to answer correctly in the test sheet. Only 3 students’ have very poor level of ability and unable to answer correctly in the test sheet of descriptive text Borobudur Temple.
B. Suggestion
Based on the above conclusions, the researcher proposes the following suggestions;
1. For teacher
a. The teacher should be creative in teaching-learning English and make students’ comfortable in the class.
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b. In teaching, especially in preposition material, the teacher also advised implementing strategies that attract students’ motivation to improve it. They need to be motivated that the preposition was also an important part of the English language which must be mastered in both oral and written communication.
2. Suggestion for students
a. The students should develop their motivations because it was an important factor in English learning.
b. Students should learn more about preposition and how to use and write preposition in descriptive text. So that in the future students are more reliable using the correct preposition.
c. The students must answer every question, which is given by the teacher, and are not afraid to answers incorrect.
3. Suggestion for other researcher
This research was about an analysis of students’ ability in using preposition (preposition of time, preposition of place, and preposition of manner) of the seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Bungoro in the academic year of 2021/2022. The researcher hopes that this research can be used as a reference for a research about preposition with different objectives, sample, and methodology.