RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
There are two types of research method, they are qualitative and quantitative method. The characteristic of this research is chosen based on its purpose. he characteristics of this study were chosen based on their objectives. It has been quoted that according to Creswell, "Qualitative research is one type of research that can be used in the scope of education in addition to quantitative research and classrooms".In this researcher used a descriptive research method, in which the data are described systematically to get an accurate and factual result. Isaac and Michael state, Descriptive qualitative method describes the population and the evidence of the data systematically, factually and accurately. The purpose of descriptive research is to describe systematically the facts and characteristics. This study used a descriptive qualitative method to study the problem because this study has purpose to describe and analyze the types of figurative language used in Maher Zain selected songs. This study is carried out by formulating problem, collecting data, classifying data, and analyzing data.
Research is an activity to observe something which is done by the researcher. When we do the research, one of the most important thing in the research is research design. Creswell states research designs are the
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specific procedures involved in the research process: data collection, data analysis, and report writing.
The research design used in this study is content analysis. Ary Content analysis focuses on analyzing and interpreting recorded material to learn about human behavior. The material may be public records, textbooks, letters, film, tapes, diaries, themes, reports, or other documents.
B. Data Resource
Data are raw material that needs to be processed to produce information. The data of this study are all lyrics produced from song‟s lyric containing figurative language. Song lyrics include words, sentences or utterances of doing something based on the text dialogue. The source of data in the study is subjects from which the data can be obtained. This research uses song‟s lyric from Maher Zain‟s songs they are:
1) Hold My Hand 2) InsyaAllah
3) FoR The Rest My Life.
Some information from other books and internet is to complete this study. Maher Zain was born march 16, 1981 in Tripoli Lebanon. He is thirty two years old. He is a Muslim Swedish. Then Maher Zain is R&B singer, songwriter and music producer. His album Thank you Allah releases in 2009 is successful album. Furthermore he released his follow up album Forgive me on April 2, 2012. When he was eight years old his family moved to Sweden. He finished schooling there gaining a Bachelor
degree in Aeronautical Engineering. After that he entered the music industry and linked up with Red One, the Moroccon born Swedish producer. In 2006, he moved to New York and continues his music industry career in the USA producing for artists such as Kat Deluna.
Maher Zain decide to move away from a career as a music producer to become a singer or songwriter of contemporary R&B music. He began working on the album with Awakening Records in January 2009. In 1 November 2009 he was released album Thank You Allah with 13 songs and two bonuses. Maher Zain successfully used new media such as You Tube, Facebook, and iTunes to promote the album.
In 2010, he was most Google celebrity in Malaysia for that year. In 2010, his album Thank You Allah received 8 platinum awards from Warner music Malaysia as the highest selling album. Then in 2011, Thank You Allah earned a double platinum award from Sony music Indonesia.
He sings mainly in English but has released some of his most popular songs in other languages. For example is “InsyaAllah” is now available in Malay, Arabic, French, English, Turkish and Indonesian version. Next Maher Zain released Freedom in March 2011. Its song inspired by the events and actions of the people taking part in the Arab spring. In January 2010, Maher Zain won best religious song for Ya Nabi Salam Alayka, on Nujoom FM, a major Middle East mainstream music station, beating other prominent singers including Hussein Al Jismi, Mohammed Mounir and
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Sami Yusuf. He was chosen as Muslim star of 2011 in a competition organized by Onislam.21
so, maherzain celebrities who won the best religious songs and received awards and were chosen as Muslim stars.
C. Data CollectionTechnique
Research Creswell stated that “In many qualitative studies, inquiries collect multiple forms of data and send a considerable time in the natural setting gathering information”.22 In collecting the data, the writer needs the instrument. The instrument that will be used by the writer is documentation.
Meanwhile, Zina agrue, “The term „document‟ can refer to omre than just paper and can include photographs, works of art and even television program”. 23 Documentation is method used to obtain information from the written sources, wheter in the form of books, magazines, regulations, daily notes and so on.
In getting the data, the writer uses the documentation method to get the detail data about idiom expressions found in the song lyric by Maher Zain. The techniques will be used in collecting data are:
1. Reading, the writer reads song liryc by Maher Zain.
21https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maher-Zain/, on February 25 2020 at 8:05 p.m.
22John W. Creswell,“Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approachs Second Edition.” (USA: Sage Publication, Inc. 2003), 189.
23Zina O‟Leary, The Essential Guide to Doing Research, (London: Sage Publication, 2004), 177.
2. The data will be selected by the writer then collect systematically in accordance with the problems of the study.
D. Data Analysis
The data are analyzed to answer the research question. The researcher must determine whether the result answers the research questions. After the data have been obtained from data sources, the data were analyzed through the following procedure:
1. Reading and identifying the whole lyrics to find figurative language.
The first step in collecting data, the researcher reads and identifies the figurative languages used in the lyrics.
2. Classifying lyrics to find the types of figurative language. After the data had been identified, the researcher classifies the data into the types of figurative language according to the theories of Keraf.
3. Analyzing the meaning of figurative language in the lyrics. To analyzing the meaning, the researcher reads every lyric that consists of figurative language. The researcher studies the meaning by analysing the contextual meaning in the lyrics. After that, the researcher tries to find the meaning of figurative language used in the lyrics.
4. The writer conveys and generate the descriptive information of finding other analysis about the Figurative Language result. The writer will an analysis of figurative language in the song lyric by maher zain and calculate the proportions (frequency and percentage) of the types of Figurative language and how many figurative language found.
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The formula below is used:
P = f/( n) x 100%
Note:
P= Percentage
f= Frequency of a type n= Number of total
5. Making conclusion The last step was making a conclusion according to the analyzed data. After the researcher found the answer from research problem, then the researcher will make the conclusion based on the finding.
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter explanation about the research finding that the writer found, there are the types of figurative language and the type of figurative language is mostly used in the 3 song lyrics of Maher Zain. The songs are:
Insha Allah, Hold My Hand and For The Rest Of My Life.
A. Findings
The purpose of this study was to find the figurative language found in Maher zain song lyric. The data of this research was taken from 3 song lyric by maher zain the songs are : insha allah, hold my hand, for the rest of my life. After reading and analyzing the song lyric insha allah, hold my hand, for the rest of my life by maher zain, the writer found 84 meaning which refer to figurative language.
After presenting the words attached with figurative language which found in the lyric and putting it in the table, the writer presents a table which is going to show the figurative language. The following table is going to show the words, sentences, figurative language which is found in the song lyric by maher zain.
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Tabel 1. Figurative Language in the song lyric Insha Allah
No Figurative
Language Data Bait Frequency %
1. Simile - Every time you feel like
you can not go on 1 1 2 %
2. Metaphor - Allah is always by your
side 7,17 3 7%
- You‟re the only one who
can show me the 28
3. Personification - Haunt your mind and your heart is full of shame
15 1 2%
4. Synecdoche - Put your trust in him 24 2
5%
- Raise your hands and
pray 25
5. Hyperbole - You feel so helpless 4 3
- He‟s never far away 23 7%
- Guide my steps don‟t let
me go astray 27
6. Irony - You feel so lost and that you‟re so alone
2 6 15%
- All you see is night and
darkness all around 3 - You can‟t see which way
to go 5
- Every time you can might
one more mistake 12
- You feel you can‟t repentand that it‟s way too late
13 - You‟re so confused,
wrong decisions you have made
14 7. Parallelism - Don‟t dispair and never
lose hope 6,16 2 5%
8. Euphemism - Insha Allah you‟ll find
your way 9,11,19,21 10 25%
- Insha Allah we‟ll find our way
31,33,35,37 ,39,41 9. Alliteration - Insha Allah 2x 8,10,18,20,
30,32,34,36 ,38,40
10 25%
10. Tanpa bahasa Kiasan
- Turn to Allah - O ya Allah
- Show me The way
22 26 29
3 7%
Total Bait 41 100%
Picture 1. Figurative Language in the song lyric Insha Allah In Table 1. there are several figures of speech in the lyrics of the song Insha Allah by Maher Zain. In graph 1. you can see the percentage of each figurative language in the lyrics of the insha allah song. The highest percentage of figures of speech in the song are Alliteration and Euphemism, each of which has 25%. Whereas figurative languages with a low percentage are Simile and Personification, each of which has a percentage of 2%.
Tabel 2. Figurative Language in the song lyric For The Rest Of My Life
No. Figurative
Language Data Bait Frequency %
1. Hyperbole - I praise Allah for
sending me you my love 1 25 60%
- You found me home and
sail with me 2
- You've opened my heart 5 - Everything was changed
when you came along 7,22 - For the Rest of My Life 9,24,35
2%
7% 2%
5%
7%
15%
25% 5%
25%
7%
Insha Allah
Simile Metaphor Personification Synecdoche Hyperbole Irony Parallelism Euphemism Alliteration
Not figurative language
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I‟ll be with you
- Till the end of my time I'll be loving you. loving you
11,26,37 - I'll thank Allah for
opening my eyes 14,29,40 - Now and forever I. I‟ll
be there for you 15,30,41
\ - I know it deep in my
heart 16,31,42
- I feel so blessed when I
think of you 17
- You're my wife and my
friend and my strength 19 - Now I find myself I feel
so strong 21
- Now that you're here In front of me I strongly
feel love
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- And I'm singing loud that I'll love you
eternally 34
2. Litotes - I was always thinking
that love was wrong 6 1 2%
3. Antithesis - Through days and nights 13,28,39 3 7%
4. Tanpa bahasa kiasan
- And I‟m here with you - Now let me let you know - And there‟s a couple of
words I want to say - I‟II stay by your side
honest and true - For the rest of my life - And I ask Allah to bless
all we do
- And I pray we‟re together in Jana
- And there‟s a couple of words I want to say - And I have no doubt
3 4 8
10,25,36 12,38,27
18 20 23 33
13
60%
Total bait 42 100%
Picture 2. Figurative Language in the song lyrik For The Rest Of My Life In Table 2 there are several figures of speech in the lyrics of the song Insha Allah by Maher Zain. In graph 2 you can see the percentage of each figurative language in the lyrics of the song For The Rest Of My Life.
The highest percentage of figurative language in the song is Hyperbole which has 60%. Whereas figurative language with a low percentage is Litotes which has a percentage of 2%.
Tabel 3. Figurative Language in the song lyrik Hold My Hand
No. Figurative
language Data Bait Frequency %
1. Simile - Children seem like
they‟ve lost their 21 3 8%
- And we're still going on like nobody really cares
24 - And we just stopped
feeling all the pain we cause
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2. Metaphor - Life is shorter than most had thought
11,31 3 8%
- Your neighbour, my neighbour, we're neighbours
38 60%
2%
7%
31%
For The Rest Of My Life
Hyperbole Litotes Antithesis
Not Figurative Language
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3. Personification - I hear the flowers kind of crying loud
1 4 10%
- The breeze is sounding sad
2 - Let's pray for the
beautiful world
19 - Heart breaking crying
sounds
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4. Synecdhoche Hold my hand 12,14,16 3 8%
5. Irony - Lost our way long time ago. did we really turn that blind
4 2 5%
- We keep hurting each other no. all we do is just fight
6
6. Antithesis Cold and empty inside 3 1 3%
7. Parallelism We cannot hide, we can‟t deny
36 1 3%
8. Tanpa bahasa kiasan
- We don‟t see that - Now we share the
same bright sun - The same round
moon
- Why don‟t we share the same love - Tell me why not - There are many
ways to do it right - Turn around and see
what we‟ve left behind
- We could save the good spirit in me and you
- For another chance - The beautifull world
I share with you - On the new bloondy
play grounds
- And we just stopped feeling
- No matter how far I might be
- I‟m always going to be your neighbour - There‟s only one
small planet where to be
- So I‟m always going to be your neighbour
5 7,27 8,28 9,29
10,30 13 15
17
18 20
22
25 32 33
21 55%
- That we‟re always going to be neighbours
34
35
37
Total bait 38 100%
Picture 3. Figurative Language in the song lyric Hold My Hand
In Table 3 there are several figures of speech in the lyrics of the song Hold My Hand by maher zain. In graph 3 you can see the percentage of each figurative language in the lyrics of the song Hold My Hand. The most figurative language percentage on the song is Personification which has 10%. Whereas figurative languages with a low percentage are Antithesis and Parallelism, each of which has a percentage of 3%.
Because the purpose of this research is to find figurative language that concludes the words in the song lyrics by Maher Zain, the tables and graphs above show how to analyze figurative language. This shows that
8%
8%
10%
8%
5%
3% 3%
55%
Hold My Hand
Simile Metaphor Personification Synecdoche Irony Antithesis Parallelism
Not Figurative language
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the figurative language anylzing in the song lyrics by Mahe Zain, based on the data above, each figurative language has a different function. figurative language is a sentence.
B. Discussion
This study aims to analyze the metaphorical language in the lyrics of Maher Zain's song. As for the lyrics of Maher Zain's memorable songs, Insha Allah, For The Rest of My Life, and Hold My Hand. Researchers' data show that in many songs there are many metaphorical languages. In the song Insha Allah there are 9 different figurative languages. Lyrics using figurative language reached 93%. In the song For The Rest Of My Life there are 3 different figurative languages. Lyrics using figurative language reached 69%. Whereas in the song Hold My Hand there are 7 different figurative languages. Lyrics that use figurative language reach 45%.
The various figurative languages contained in Maher zain's songs are as follows:
1. Simile
Simile is comparison of two things, indicate by some connective usually like, s then or a verb as resembles.
Simile figurative language is used on the song Insha Allah, and Hold My Hand. Whereas the rest of my life does not use this figurative language at all.
In the song Insha Allah there is 1 sentence that uses simile figurative language. the percentage obtained on similes in the insha allah song is 2%. The verse that uses simile figurative language in the song Insha Allah is Every time you feel like you can't go on.
Whereas the hold my hand song contains 3 sentences that use simile figurative language. the percentage gained on similes in the hold my hand song was 8%. One verse that uses simile figurative language in the hold my hand song is Children seem like they lost them.
2. Metaphor
Metaphor like simile that is comparison but in metaphor does not use “as” or “like”.
Metaphor's figurative language is used on the song insha allah, and hold my hand. Whereas the rest of my life does not use this figurative language at all. In the song insha allah there are 3 sentences that use Metaphor figurative language. the percentage obtained on the Metaphor in the song insha allah is 7%. One stanza that uses Metaphor figurative language in the song insha allah is Allah is always by your side.
Whereas the hold my hand song contains 3 sentences that use Metaphor figurative language. the percentage gained on the Metaphor in the song hold my hand was 8%. One stanza that uses Metaphor figurative language in the hold my hand song is Life is shorter than most had thought.
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3. Personification
Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal, or an abstract term (truth or nature) is made from human.
The figurative language Personification is used on the song insha allah, and hold my hand. Whereas the rest of my life does not use this figurative language at all.
In the song insha allah there is 1 sentence that uses Metaphor figurative language. the percentage obtained on Personification in the song insha allah is 2%. The verse that uses the figurative language Pesonifiation in the song insha allah is Allah is Haunt your mind and your heart is full of shame.
Whereas in the hold my hand song there are 4 sentences that use the figurative language Personification. the percentage gained on Personification in the hold my hand song is 10%. One stanza that uses figurative language Pesonification in the hold my hand song is Life is I hear the flowers kind of crying loud.
4. Synecdoche
Synecdhoce is The use of part of something to stand for the whole of it or vice versa.
Synecdhoce figurative language is used on the insha allah song, and hold my hand. Whereas the rest of my life does not use this figurative language at all.
In the insha allah song there are 2 sentences that use the Synecdoche figurative language. the percentage obtained at Synecdoce in the song insha allah is 5%. The verse that uses the Synecdoche figurative language in the song insha allah is Allah is Raise your hands and pray.
Whereas the hold my hand song contains 3 sentences that use the Synecdoche figurative language. The percentage gained on Personification in the hold my hand song is 8%. One stanza that uses the Synecdoche figurative language in the hold my hand song is Life is Hold my hand.
5. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is emphasizing a point with statement containing exaggeration. It can be ridiculous or funny.
Hyperbole figurative language is used on the songs Insha Allah, and For the Rest of My Life. whereas Hold My Hand does not use this figurative language at all.
In the song insha allah there are 3 sentences that use the figurative language Hyperbole. The percentage obtained on hyperbole in the song Insha Allah by 7%. As for one of the verses that uses the Hyperbole figurative language in the song insha allah is Guide my steps don't let me go astray.
While the song For The Rest Of My Life there are 25 sentences that use the figurative language Hyperbole. The