Chapter 2 Chapter 2
2. ABSTRACT
4.3 RESULTS
relative to a stochastic distribution of isotopologues for the same bulk isotopic composition.
(Δ47=(((R47measured/R47stochastic)-1)- ((R46measured/R46stochastic)-1)- ((R45measured/R45stochastic)-1))*1000. ) Mass 48 was monitored to detect any hydrocarbon contamination. Measurements of each gas were done at 16V of mass 44 and consisted of 8 acquisitions, each of which involved 7 cycles of sample-standard comparison with an ion integration time of 26s per cycle.
Internal standard errors of this population of acquisition to acquisition for ∆47 ranged from 0.005 ̶ 0.01o/oo, (1 ̶ 2oC) while external standard error ranged from 0.005 ̶ 0.011 o/oo (0.5 ̶ 2oC). The internal standard error for δ13C ranged from 0.5-80ppm and the internal standard error for δ18O ranged from .9 ̶ 36ppm. Samples were corrected to standards run during the same session
Temperature (oC) Temperature (oC)
depth(m)depth(m)
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
-100 0 100 200
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
-100 0 100 200
n=5
n=8
n=5 n=8
n=20
n=6
n=7
n=15 n=14 n=5 n=7
∆14C (‰) ∆14C (‰)
Modern Younger Dryas Heinrich 1
Figure 4.3: The temperature profiles for both the YD and late H1 are cooler than modern. The YD profile is isothermal at all measured depths while the H1 profile exhibits slight warming with depth. The ∆14C profile for the YD is nearly constant with depth, while the H1 profile shows a depleted point at ~ 2600 m.
Table 4.2
SAMPLE COUNT AVERAGE STDEV STDERR DEPTH (m)
YOUNGER DRYAS NT 002 5 -1.5 2.9 1.3 2529
YOUNGER DRYAS NT 010 8 -1.1 1.7 0.6 2372
YOUNGER DRYAS NT 017 5 0.3 3.6 1.6 1176
YOUNGER DRYAS NT 020 8 0.5 4.9 1.7 2086
YOUNGER DRYAS NT 030 20 0.5 4.6 1.0 1778
HEINRICH 1 NT 031 6 1.7 3.3 1.4 1176
HEINRICH 1 NT 032 7 -0.2 3.0 1.1 1381
HEINRICH 1 NT 012 5 -0.7 5.0 2.3 1713
HEINRICH 1 NT 007 7 -1.2 3.4 1.3 2027
HEINRICH 1 NT 013 14 1.6 -4.1 -1.1 2265
HEINRICH 1 NT 016 15 3.5 2.6 0.7 2593
EARLY H1 NT 014 9 1.3 4.8 1.6 1886
EARLY H1 NT 015 9 -0.8 3.4 1.1 2459
EARLY H1 NT 006 3 -1.1 1.6 0.9 1427
BOLLING/ALLEROD NT 018 4 3.1 1.2 0.6 1316
Table 4.1-Names and depths of Corals Analyzed
sample name seamount depth
NT 001 ALV-3891-1646-004-001 GREGG 1180
NT 002 RBDASS05-H11-0826-0029-201-4-006-2529 NASHVILLE 2529 NT 006 RBDASS05-H03-0815-1004-314-3-002-1427 LYMAN 1427
NT 007 ALV-3885-1239-001-010 MUIR 2026
NT 009 ALV-3887-1549-004-007 MUIR 2372
NT 010 ALV-3887-1549-004-009 MUIR 2372
NT 011 ALV-3885-1239-001-004 MUIR 2027
NT 012 ALV-3892-1315-001-008 MANNING 1713
NT 013 ALV-3887-1652-005-013 MUIR 2265
NT 014 ALV-3890-1330-002-007 MANNING 1886
NT 015 RBDASS05-H15-0831-2045-605-020-2459 KELVIN 2529 NT 016 RBDASS05-H15-0831-1616-601-3-003-2593 KELVIN 2593
NT 017 ALV-3891-1459-003-006 GREGG 1176
NT 018 RBDASS05-H05-0818-1450-101-004-1316 VERILL 1316 NT 019 RBDASS05-H16-0901-2356-202-021-1918 BALANUS 1918
NT 020 ALV-4162-1457-001-003-2086 PICKETT 2086
NT 030 ALV-3890-1407-003-001 MANNING 1778
NT 031 ALV-3891-1459-003-009 GREGG 1176
NT 032 ALV-3890-1742-007-001 MANNING 1381
Clumped Isotope Measurements
Table4.3 namedated47d47errFullD47D47errd48FullD48d13Cd18OD47StretchedD47
Acid corrected D47Standard CorrectedD47T NT012April-1013.61500.01710.17210.009558.475825.4124-6.529341.36730.61270.70290.78290.7818-1.4 NT012April-1013.85590.01620.15060.010458.276625.0367-6.355341.45990.58590.67220.75220.75014.1 NT012April-1013.74900.01920.14650.009458.359125.1672-6.434041.43430.58420.67020.75020.74804.5 NT013April-1013.10410.01130.14490.008858.820825.3744-7.213941.55800.59660.68440.76440.76271.9 NT013April-1013.06730.01560.15150.009458.791125.3781-7.241441.54160.60400.69290.77290.77150.3 NT013April-1013.10230.01900.12620.010058.592925.2176-7.163541.52550.57790.66300.74300.74065.8 NT014April-1014.15180.01360.17330.009960.820126.4465-6.618441.99560.60230.69090.77090.76950.7 NT014April-1014.11920.01160.16130.007660.421226.0814-6.628541.98500.59090.67790.75790.75603.1 NT014April-1013.75870.04230.13910.010959.333925.4192-6.706141.82190.57660.66140.74140.73906.1 NT015April-1018.85150.01260.25740.007965.020628.0563-3.175843.23230.58400.66990.74990.74784.5 NT015April-1018.92070.01470.26000.008564.923327.9251-3.127143.25090.58520.67130.75130.74924.3 NT016April-1017.36020.01340.23550.010663.955427.6709-4.341442.90830.59460.68210.76210.76042.3 NT016April-1017.09930.01080.22690.010163.657827.4826-4.547042.85830.59170.67880.75880.75692.9 NT016April-1017.71410.01240.24730.009964.095227.5258-4.137143.05000.59870.68680.76680.76521.4 NT017April-1016.85630.01110.23190.008459.097525.5606-3.517941.59110.60190.69050.77050.76910.8 NT018April-1015.63130.01420.18640.008758.881825.5159-4.635841.51040.58320.66900.74900.74684.7 NT018April-1015.39450.01230.19220.009658.270825.1616-4.761041.38980.59410.68150.76150.75972.4 NT019April-1012.22270.00950.12090.008156.112924.1274-7.380040.85810.59180.67890.75890.75712.9 NT019April-1012.23400.01200.16280.008856.616524.6260-7.406840.85300.63340.72660.80660.8064-5.5 NT020April-1018.95240.01380.28820.008962.942727.0406-2.594342.72740.61270.70280.78280.7818-1.4 NT020April-1018.79980.01470.26540.011162.437426.6975-2.651142.65360.59310.68040.76040.75862.6 NT020April-1018.95610.01290.27090.008662.610226.7573-2.552842.70800.59530.68290.76290.76122.1 102GCAZ01April-103.16110.0100-0.14580.0082-2.4151-1.19150.490924.31210.52220.59910.6791 102GCAZ01April-103.47050.0101-0.14040.0096-1.3628-0.58680.567924.54210.52090.59760.6776 102GCAZ01April-103.49850.0095-0.12430.0089-1.2178-0.53790.528924.59160.53640.61540.6954 102GCAZ01April-103.07650.0132-0.19580.0094-2.5988-1.21540.540024.22980.47410.54390.6239 102GCAZ01April-102.90580.0171-0.16820.0111-3.1195-1.49970.460424.10840.50540.57980.6598 102GCAZ01April-103.33260.0112-0.17600.0093-1.7927-0.89170.528424.47810.48840.56020.6402 102GCAZ01April-103.18780.0120-0.16540.0101-2.1925-0.99390.525624.32490.50210.57600.6560 102GCAZ01April-108.44930.0094-0.03650.009023.575310.3795-1.688631.62410.51650.59250.6725 102GCAZ01April-103.29160.0104-0.15310.0092-2.1030-1.02720.555124.38800.51210.58750.6675 45923April-1022.50680.01730.31140.009064.684127.83570.545343.17050.55850.64060.7206 45923April-1022.25180.01170.32920.009064.586827.85560.325843.11350.58190.66750.7475 CARRERAMARBLEApril-1017.68620.0261-0.10320.009742.400218.10792.242337.10540.24880.28540.3654 CARRERAMARBLEApril-1018.16550.0113-0.09820.008744.118219.09092.365337.45910.24340.27920.3592 NT015May-1019.18280.00800.33660.007965.922028.7171-3.028143.33800.63030.71110.79110.7980-4.1 NT016May-1016.78390.00820.22110.008063.993227.9376-4.795142.79230.57170.64500.72500.73287.3 NT016May-1017.58650.00870.26710.009464.498028.1372-4.173342.93730.59860.67540.75540.76281.9 NT016May-1017.39520.00980.24910.009063.395327.1520-4.308442.89680.58520.66020.74020.74784.5 NT019May-1012.44650.00820.13010.007656.837324.5836-7.287940.98330.58380.65860.73860.74624.8
NT019May-1012.25220.00900.11380.009056.346924.3219-7.359440.87460.57210.64540.72540.73327.2 NT019May-1012.25350.00760.13450.006956.842924.7064-7.429140.92390.59270.66870.74870.75623.0 NT020May-1017.51510.00890.25670.008760.512625.8979-3.404042.11590.58990.66560.74560.75313.6 NT020May-1017.95010.00890.25180.008260.952625.9729-3.136542.29340.57470.64840.72840.73616.7 NT020May-1017.66910.00880.26690.008660.838725.9315-3.403142.25890.59650.67290.75290.76042.3 45923May-1022.75680.00870.38220.008366.102529.01880.629943.26510.59100.66680.7468 45923May-1022.69450.00840.36770.008265.789328.74480.596643.25090.57790.65200.7320 CARRERAMARBLEMay-1018.16540.0089-0.09660.009244.379619.22162.298637.52260.22120.24960.3296 CARRERAMARBLEMay-1018.16190.0096-0.07480.009243.674618.73952.379937.41750.24310.27420.3542 CARRERAMARBLEMay-1018.22430.0089-0.10130.008543.471418.40272.399137.48790.21510.24270.3227 CARRERAMARBLEMay-1018.22220.0084-0.07790.007845.202920.10072.376637.48390.23850.26910.3491 NT017July-1016.51150.01010.23340.009757.541524.4994-3.641041.36460.60030.67610.75610.7895-2.7 NT017July-1016.52040.00920.21180.009057.394624.3010-3.638541.39310.57850.65150.73150.76182.0 NT017July-1016.64380.01040.24190.010357.567124.4715-3.541941.39150.60570.68220.76220.7963-3.9 NT006July-1012.58380.01110.13470.009956.021723.7546-7.172141.00250.59280.66760.74760.7800-1.1 NT006July-1012.57750.01250.14210.010955.867923.6096-7.184341.00040.60040.67620.75620.7896-2.7 NT006July-1012.66600.01470.12920.010355.929423.5051-7.165041.08380.58550.65940.73940.77070.5 NT007 July-1012.68730.01970.12870.010856.607223.4735-7.497541.43510.58450.65830.73830.76940.7 NT007July-1012.73190.01540.15550.009757.262824.1144-7.476541.43200.61020.68720.76720.8020-4.8 NT007July-1012.64870.01130.15300.007657.026623.9313-7.535341.40890.60970.68660.76660.8013-4.7 NT023July-1011.11650.01160.10450.009053.741622.8493-7.966340.33910.59670.67200.75200.7849-2.0 NT023July-1011.03530.00950.10420.009253.038022.2656-7.997840.28880.59830.67380.75380.7869-2.3 NT023July-1011.06070.01070.10140.010553.711422.8587-8.000340.31940.59500.67010.75010.7827-1.6 102GCAZ01July-102.98560.0174-0.20340.0106-2.7939-1.24520.554324.16950.47780.53810.6181 45923July-1021.56920.01650.31710.011062.615726.6294-0.006642.76990.56650.63800.7180 45923July-1022.17730.03380.32090.008963.112226.81650.457442.91740.55610.62630.7063 CARMELCHALKJuly-1011.43890.00850.01530.008335.576815.6774-2.073134.94900.50000.56310.6431 CARMELCHALKJuly-1011.45070.01130.01790.010634.787614.8993-2.065934.95100.50240.56580.6458 CARMELCHALKJuly-1011.38420.0184-0.00110.009134.669614.8396-2.086334.92100.48500.54620.6262 CARRERAMARBLEJuly-1018.01640.0171-0.08800.010843.244918.56652.373437.29160.24390.27470.3547 CARRERAMARBLEJuly-1018.04750.0105-0.06940.010443.095818.38622.367637.30950.26180.29480.3748 NT012September-109.35270.0095-0.02400.009348.092918.6703-8.951539.68460.53910.60320.68320.702913.0 NT013September-1012.90000.01010.12510.010153.762920.8358-7.206041.38460.61510.68830.76830.7932-3.3 NT016September-1016.31960.00880.15300.008557.559922.3417-4.867542.48640.57270.64080.72080.74285.4 NT016September-1016.83380.01060.17540.010157.835722.3877-4.480842.59810.58450.65400.73400.75692.9 NT016September-1016.70860.01050.19650.010158.830223.3819-4.613142.58160.60810.68040.76040.7849-2.0 NT016September-1016.51680.01060.18260.010858.110522.7991-4.735942.52430.59830.66940.74940.77320.0 NT016September-1016.45940.01030.15590.009958.075222.7640-4.767342.52490.57270.64080.72080.74295.4 NT016September-1016.19420.01010.15220.009958.047222.8754-4.962142.45450.57440.64270.72270.74495.1 NT016September-1015.66880.00870.13580.008257.579722.7069-5.334442.31090.56880.63650.71650.73836.3 NT016September-1017.06300.01050.16240.010659.462823.7390-4.347942.71050.56680.63420.71420.73596.7 NT016September-1016.56880.00930.16960.008458.387123.0522-4.676842.53160.58410.65360.73360.75643.0
NT017September-1016.53710.01000.15900.009453.876920.8837-3.561541.40830.57420.64250.72250.74465.1 NT019September-1011.75720.00950.06710.009251.152519.9278-7.474340.55660.58070.64970.72970.75233.7 NT019September-1012.00480.00850.11460.008451.255919.8261-7.374840.65960.62300.69710.77710.8026-4.9 NT019September-1011.83830.01000.09830.009951.417220.1968-7.417440.55030.61020.68270.76270.7873-2.4 NT019September-1011.86970.00980.08970.009151.413820.1163-7.416440.58990.60100.67240.75240.7764-0.5 NT019September-1011.86080.00810.07350.007951.501720.1762-7.421640.60260.58500.65450.73450.75742.8 NT019September-1011.58140.00820.05590.008351.538120.4281-7.577040.49240.57310.64120.72120.74335.3 NT019September-1011.48450.00920.07810.009151.538120.4136-7.706440.50010.59730.66830.74830.77200.2 NT019September-1011.51840.00870.08920.008651.473420.3655-7.675640.49260.60770.68000.76000.7844-1.9 NT007September-1012.74050.00930.09400.009154.717421.6012-7.418941.46650.58730.65710.73710.76022.3 NT007September-1012.60270.00900.12400.008854.352721.3566-7.534441.41110.62020.69390.77390.7992-4.3 NT007September-1012.59790.01140.08800.011454.389721.4086-7.493641.40290.58430.65370.73370.75663.0 NT024September-1013.20760.00910.10600.008453.081820.9372-6.478940.99430.58970.65980.73980.76301.8 NT024September-1013.29830.00840.11050.008353.013420.7859-6.434841.03750.59230.66270.74270.76611.3 NT024September-1013.42210.01010.13600.010353.411021.0800-6.381941.08400.61530.68840.76840.7934-3.4 102GCAZ01September-102.95970.0080-0.19980.0079-2.5428-0.92250.559024.11830.49480.55360.6336 45923September-1022.07840.00960.27840.009758.671522.54110.418342.92080.57960.64850.7285 45923September-1022.03030.00900.29860.008658.885722.67150.308442.96010.60080.67220.7522 45923September-1022.35540.00990.26870.009359.825723.44600.601443.02760.56410.63120.7112 CARMELCHALKSeptember-1011.30240.0084-0.03550.008232.710412.8832-2.141634.95040.48750.54540.6254 CARMELCHALKSeptember-1011.27340.0081-0.03380.007732.298712.6008-2.109434.88840.48970.54790.6279 CARMELCHALKSeptember-1011.32660.0097-0.04960.009232.891113.0338-2.116034.96410.47290.52910.6091 CARRERAMARBLESeptember-1017.91750.0098-0.14020.009940.581116.04582.378537.26110.24660.27590.3559 CARRERAMARBLESeptember-1017.87680.0102-0.14180.009840.523716.07062.380837.21960.24590.27510.3551 NT014December-1013.57250.01070.14350.010352.412718.9666-6.829441.67090.62140.69910.77910.7991-4.3 NT014December-109.64180.0113-0.00430.009446.995617.3485-8.808439.81490.55270.62180.70180.72359.0 NT015December-1018.62150.00860.22640.008256.279519.8904-3.226943.10340.60250.67790.75790.7784-0.8 NT030December-1013.17030.01040.12260.010548.759717.0199-6.392440.85440.60850.68470.76470.7850-2.0 NT030December-1012.49640.00940.05210.009547.729416.4005-6.810640.66060.55160.62070.70070.72239.2 NT030December-1012.69260.00870.12060.008248.785217.3026-6.744340.72290.61610.69320.77320.7934-3.4 NT030December-1012.66330.00970.09070.009648.410716.9741-6.725340.70530.58680.66030.74030.76112.1 NT030December-1012.71420.00870.13380.008448.510916.9585-6.776440.76310.62890.70770.78770.8075-5.7 NT031December-1013.46320.00820.10100.008148.232916.7295-5.956540.74040.58100.65370.73370.75473.3 NT031December-1013.45010.00930.09650.009248.734017.1596-5.994140.76900.57680.64900.72900.75014.1 NT031December-1013.38710.01060.10250.010248.862217.4358-5.985940.69130.58410.65720.73720.75812.7 NT031December-1013.36990.00950.13520.009348.864117.4273-6.127940.69980.61710.69430.77430.7944-3.5 NT031December-1013.32940.00810.09050.007948.331316.9300-6.027840.68680.57320.64500.72500.74614.8 NT031December-1013.68640.00960.12880.009448.821817.1505-5.835340.81690.60430.67990.75990.7803-1.2 NT032December-1017.51390.00950.16900.009453.398418.3424-3.654142.47150.56740.63840.71840.73976.0 NT032December-1017.47670.00940.14050.009553.606418.5504-3.659342.46810.53970.60720.68720.709211.8 NT032December-1017.66030.00920.21290.009154.598419.3342-3.637842.55750.60830.68450.76450.7848-1.9 NT032December-1017.60700.00970.21970.009554.539319.3776-3.647342.50600.61620.69340.77340.7935-3.4 NT012December-109.75130.0090-0.02140.008646.016416.3437-8.706539.84210.53340.60020.68020.702313.1 NT012December-109.52360.0088-0.00370.008846.022216.5435-8.856939.74310.55570.62520.70520.72688.4
NT014DecemberͲ1013.34260.00920.15120.008951.613118.4146Ͳ6.956841.55730.63360.71290.79290.8127Ͳ6.5 NT015DecemberͲ1018.56750.00910.22440.008856.200619.8304Ͳ3.271543.09510.60160.67690.75690.7774Ͳ0.7 45923DecemberͲ1022.36020.00910.24420.008855.514419.15280.564143.09410.54500.61320.6932 45923DecemberͲ1022.54660.01020.29890.010056.668920.12910.625143.16500.59590.67050.7505 45923DecemberͲ1022.39000.00950.28100.009056.140219.68240.517543.13260.58110.65390.7339 CARRERAMARBLEDecemberͲ1018.01070.0097Ͳ0.18270.009438.078613.34432.382837.39330.20570.23150.3115 CARRERAMARBLEDecemberͲ1017.96240.0090Ͳ0.20900.008737.767113.12022.402837.35210.18040.20300.2830 CARRERAMARBLEDecemberͲ1018.01280.0093Ͳ0.17050.009438.395113.67352.382837.38300.21780.24510.3251 CARRERAMARBLEDecemberͲ1018.00480.0086Ͳ0.16540.008038.353013.69992.404637.34810.22310.25100.3310 CARRERAMARBLEDecemberͲ1017.98250.0104Ͳ0.13950.009938.398613.83392.401937.30240.24950.28070.3607 NT012FebruaryͲ1110.08590.0109Ͳ0.08850.010040.208210.3465Ͳ8.519340.05430.58040.63280.71280.72349.0 NT012FebruaryͲ119.67420.0087Ͳ0.11330.008539.848710.2374Ͳ8.789539.93110.55990.61050.69050.699913.6 NT012FebruaryͲ119.74630.0106Ͳ0.09300.010140.216710.5507Ͳ8.759839.95380.57940.63180.71180.72239.3 NT012FebruaryͲ119.60310.0108Ͳ0.09200.010040.003510.5141Ͳ8.818339.86610.58190.63460.71460.72528.7 NT032FebruaryͲ1116.77810.32460.03010.013246.580712.0532Ͳ3.598642.62990.62830.68520.76520.7784Ͳ0.8 NT032FebruaryͲ1117.49460.00900.03900.008547.129512.1232Ͳ3.662142.58390.62970.68670.76670.7800Ͳ1.1 NT032FebruaryͲ1117.56770.00970.03650.009546.758811.6366Ͳ3.652442.65000.62650.68310.76310.7762Ͳ0.5 NT032FebruaryͲ1117.48280.00990.03190.009447.282312.2283Ͳ3.689442.60600.62270.67900.75900.77190.3 45923FebruaryͲ1122.25650.00870.06920.008748.005611.73010.510343.21350.60970.66480.7448 CARRERAMARBLEFebruaryͲ1118.02900.0127Ͳ0.32270.011233.41638.50162.353537.57350.26240.28610.3661 CARRERAMARBLEFebruaryͲ1118.01840.0112Ͳ0.33280.009833.86868.92712.344937.58190.25240.27530.3553 CARRERAMARBLEFebruaryͲ1118.03790.0113Ͳ0.10880.010939.728815.02392.369537.35810.47620.51930.5993 TV01FebruaryͲ1111.32540.0084Ͳ0.08970.007914.61173.79872.502830.48780.56610.61730.6973 TV01FebruaryͲ1111.32360.0113Ͳ0.12880.010115.00684.06052.473530.55410.52700.57460.6546 NT012AprilͲ119.97320.00990.03270.009965.253734.9888Ͳ8.559139.86500.59910.59800.67800.712411.2 NT014AprilͲ1113.14070.01080.17850.011072.751139.1539Ͳ7.054541.42280.65580.65450.73450.7744Ͳ0.2 NT014AprilͲ1113.60760.01190.19240.011473.131139.0107Ͳ6.851941.67880.65670.65540.73540.7753Ͳ0.3 NT014AprilͲ1113.30260.01350.14760.012673.442139.6319Ͳ6.954541.51850.62040.61910.69910.73566.8 NT014AprilͲ1113.28900.01150.14710.011171.866938.2070Ͳ6.916641.46800.62030.61900.69900.73556.8 NT014AprilͲ1117.85420.0147Ͳ0.09730.013652.266927.54542.315037.21600.24750.24700.32700.3279139.3 NT015AprilͲ1118.95260.00960.34000.009481.004043.6584Ͳ3.060643.15530.65380.65250.73250.77220.2 NT015AprilͲ1118.41430.01270.34980.012280.189643.3589Ͳ3.371942.91230.67880.67750.75750.7995Ͳ4.4 NT015AprilͲ1118.85930.01020.34860.009779.100742.0529Ͳ3.046443.03900.66510.66380.74380.7845Ͳ1.9 NT015AprilͲ1118.51920.01270.35430.011879.649542.7158Ͳ3.331442.97300.68040.67900.75900.8012Ͳ4.7 NT018AprilͲ1115.16930.00940.22380.008873.078039.8722Ͳ4.827141.21640.64410.64280.72280.76152.1 NT018AprilͲ1115.34130.01290.22160.012372.943639.7072Ͳ4.667041.23350.63710.63580.71580.75393.4 NT018AprilͲ1112.59180.01200.13000.011266.206234.3845Ͳ6.763040.63040.62280.62150.70150.73826.3 NT030AprilͲ1112.68580.01010.18430.009670.128238.1366Ͳ6.750340.65680.67440.67310.75310.7947Ͳ3.6 NT030AprilͲ1112.60110.01040.18220.010270.618638.6850Ͳ6.797540.62060.67480.67340.75340.7951Ͳ3.7 NT030AprilͲ1112.67040.01230.17060.011768.310736.5891Ͳ6.641940.54810.66120.65990.73990.7802Ͳ1.2 45923AprilͲ1122.37210.01440.40970.013677.798540.88730.515442.98460.62740.62620.7062 45924AprilͲ1122.21180.00920.41810.008880.082343.09510.344642.98410.64030.63910.7191
45925April-1122.90730.00870.42080.008181.008743.53180.816943.21190.62350.62230.7023 CARMELCHALKApril-1111.40730.0132-0.00450.012642.828922.8077-2.065934.95040.52160.52060.6006 CARRERAMARBLEApril-1117.99810.0094-0.04730.009253.630128.77962.360137.26480.29340.29280.3728 CARRERAMARBLEApril-1118.04880.0101-0.07700.010053.810728.81742.371537.33480.26230.26180.3418 CARRERAMARBLEApril-1118.03420.0109-0.09260.010652.476427.51702.374137.33350.24720.24670.3267 CARRERAMARBLEApril-1117.56970.0089-0.07710.008551.889827.58892.215637.00810.27570.27510.3551 TV01April-1111.31870.01160.02990.011322.620211.89712.503630.36840.55850.55740.6374 TV01April-1111.13810.01190.02940.011322.637912.12872.430330.25950.56310.56200.6420 NT012September-1112.66210.00840.13730.008256.605824.2974-7.123841.08390.71040.71370.79370.8172-7.2 NT012September-1111.92690.00740.10210.007255.438923.4195-7.707340.95640.69070.69390.77390.7951-3.7 NT013September-1118.84980.01010.27190.009663.807727.1232-3.086843.18060.71390.71710.79710.8211-7.9 NT013September-1113.78020.00880.13260.008758.706225.2659-6.526841.62480.68200.68510.76510.7853-2.0 NT013September-1112.96580.01040.10630.009955.236022.7550-6.892341.19260.67290.67600.75600.7751-0.3 NT013September-1112.59190.00840.08780.007956.526224.0878-7.212141.15150.66230.66540.74540.76321.8 NT013September-1112.27900.01000.07680.009655.317823.3484-7.297940.93180.65800.66100.74100.75832.6 NT013September-1112.26030.01270.07320.012054.996723.0351-7.314440.93250.65480.65780.73780.75473.3 NT013September-1116.49300.00930.16600.008960.418725.1302-4.718142.53290.65790.66090.74090.75822.7 NT013September-1112.59950.01200.07710.011355.996423.6570-7.151041.10910.65150.65450.73450.75104.0 NT013September-1116.95400.00920.16640.009061.319425.6725-4.417942.69930.64850.65150.73150.74764.6 NT013September-1116.69900.00830.13980.007961.259525.8285-4.539942.59050.62730.63010.71010.72379.0 NT020September-1114.55590.42730.14900.014058.179325.0378-5.607341.47800.68190.68510.76510.7852-2.0 NT020September-1117.40420.28220.25180.010460.266425.6305-3.543942.20010.72440.72770.80770.8329-9.7 NT007September-1112.68600.00960.10350.009057.368924.1364-7.528041.54290.67610.67920.75920.7787-0.9 45923September-1122.82910.01110.29130.010563.151826.21630.805143.31100.64890.65190.7317 45924September-1122.90390.01120.31930.010665.524728.43140.813543.34910.67530.67840.7583 45925September-1123.98710.00970.20100.009264.829427.98820.586543.23400.53400.53650.6165 CARRERAMARBLESeptember-1117.95100.0101-0.19320.009743.618618.86802.365937.39380.26780.26900.3489 CARRERAMARBLESeptember-1117.89120.0104-0.20030.009743.036018.38592.357337.34950.26190.26310.3431 CARRERAMARBLESeptember-1118.63970.2192-0.09360.024146.277319.92302.173838.16980.35280.35440.4343 CARRERAMARBLESeptember-1117.99510.0088-0.17910.008743.375618.57832.369137.42060.28090.28220.3621 TV01September-1111.50290.00980.02600.009420.00749.15652.588130.50730.62360.62650.7064 TV01September-1111.45820.00960.03200.009319.82968.98472.537930.50530.63060.63350.7134 NT023October-1110.82680.0099-0.16610.010733.80103.3037-8.102540.50900.70290.67400.75400.7861-2.2 NT023October-1113.03990.0098-0.16800.009735.46293.6096-6.526041.18330.69840.66970.74970.7813-1.3 NT023October-1113.12650.0087-0.18570.009635.74913.7584-6.487141.24990.68060.65270.73270.76231.9 NT023October-1110.82010.0074-0.18370.008833.69073.2189-8.079140.49730.68530.65710.73710.76731.1 NT023October-1111.05340.0084-0.16420.009633.67783.0666-7.934540.56950.70450.67560.75560.7878-2.4 NT024October-1113.05650.0094-0.16200.010535.62613.7446-6.527541.19540.70440.67550.75550.7877-2.4 NT024October-1113.08270.0084-0.14870.008236.33804.4489-6.506941.18760.71760.68820.76820.8019-4.8
45923OctoberͲ1122.23400.0101Ͳ0.21090.009540.06473.97180.740143.29190.64490.61840.6984 45923OctoberͲ1122.34020.0082Ͳ0.19840.008540.05323.71860.707143.41760.65720.63020.7102 CARRERAMARBLEOctoberͲ1117.45510.0073Ͳ0.58630.008125.74111.51432.317837.34310.27500.26370.3437 CARRERAMARBLEOctoberͲ1117.54860.0082Ͳ0.60560.008526.24151.85312.354337.42090.25550.24510.3251 CARRERAMARBLEOctoberͲ1117.57880.0107Ͳ0.51320.009827.36323.04692.341037.36980.34800.33370.4137 CARRERAMARBLEOctoberͲ1117.50960.0088Ͳ0.57820.010727.56583.24322.337137.37060.28300.27140.3514 CARRERAMARBLEOctoberͲ1117.41100.0098Ͳ0.54140.017128.79424.66042.312937.25830.31990.30680.3868 TV01OctoberͲ1111.09850.0086Ͳ0.25200.010312.24991.40942.420030.54530.61670.59140.6714 TV01OctoberͲ1111.18030.0102Ͳ0.27190.010411.88970.98152.487130.58200.59660.57210.6521 NT030NovemberͲ1112.69190.0105Ͳ0.00240.010339.58468.3509Ͳ6.652140.75710.63620.68360.76360.78071.7 NT030NovemberͲ1111.76840.00830.02720.008239.74019.5029Ͳ7.102840.24130.67650.72700.80700.8211Ͳ5.6 NT030NovemberͲ1111.88860.0095Ͳ0.01290.009039.57989.1675Ͳ7.032140.33410.63500.68240.76240.77951.9 NT030NovemberͲ1111.84220.0106Ͳ0.03160.010239.29098.9399Ͳ7.032640.30660.61680.66290.74290.76145.4 NT030NovemberͲ1111.83130.0095Ͳ0.04800.009439.60819.2043Ͳ7.049640.32930.60060.64540.72540.74518.7 45923NovemberͲ1122.32850.00970.03910.009245.39639.23670.648443.18990.56520.60740.6874 CARRERAMARBLENovemberͲ1117.76720.0101Ͳ0.38670.009530.87446.38022.362137.37810.19270.20710.2871 CARRERAMARBLENovemberͲ1117.74560.0089Ͳ0.39390.008430.74226.31162.379737.34690.18570.19950.2795 CARRERAMARBLENovemberͲ1117.75180.0102Ͳ0.36400.010031.00326.60862.377037.32530.21550.23160.3116 CARRERAMARBLENovemberͲ1117.75180.0102Ͳ0.36400.010031.00326.60862.377037.32530.21550.23160.3116 CARRERAMARBLENovemberͲ1117.58600.0091Ͳ0.36390.008130.84046.71842.349037.18650.21760.23380.3138 TV01NovemberͲ1111.19540.0090Ͳ0.14910.008213.38282.75692.543130.38830.50690.54480.6248 TV01NovemberͲ1111.29880.0105Ͳ0.12200.010513.60082.94462.606730.40240.53280.57260.6526 TV01NovemberͲ1111.09420.0086Ͳ0.16080.008813.32472.90142.558130.28430.49640.53340.6134 TV01NovemberͲ1111.27040.0075Ͳ0.07400.007014.38503.83012.585330.34640.58110.62450.7045 NT030JanuaryͲ1212.08630.0094Ͳ0.01880.008242.503511.7772Ͳ6.943140.45130.55640.65350.73350.73257.3 NT030JanuaryͲ1212.15350.00990.02960.009342.735211.9813Ͳ6.935440.46200.60400.70950.78950.7884Ͳ2.5 NT030JanuaryͲ1211.98470.00820.00730.007942.562211.8976Ͳ7.040940.41900.58370.68570.76570.76461.5 NT030JanuaryͲ1211.84850.0077Ͳ0.00300.006942.425811.9107Ͳ7.093640.34430.57510.67550.75550.75453.3 NT030JanuaryͲ1211.96820.00950.01240.008442.859212.2821Ͳ7.012840.36960.58900.69180.77180.77080.5 NT030JanuaryͲ1212.00160.01190.01530.010142.766812.1249Ͳ7.017140.40410.59160.69490.77490.7738Ͳ0.1 NT030JanuaryͲ1212.06750.00780.03870.007743.260912.5897Ͳ6.981640.41160.61410.72140.80140.8003Ͳ4.5 45923JanuaryͲ1222.94250.00950.13400.008950.725314.09751.026443.33510.57950.68070.7607 CARMELCHALKJanuaryͲ1211.35320.0096Ͳ0.11890.009227.50987.6940Ͳ2.069435.01590.46510.54640.6264 CARRERAMARBLEJanuaryͲ1217.85680.0084Ͳ0.27040.008234.558410.04352.367837.34390.23590.27710.3571 TV01JanuaryͲ1211.38320.0098Ͳ0.07820.008615.11714.32022.582030.46660.50540.59370.6737 TV01JanuaryͲ1211.27330.0107Ͳ0.09670.008815.08974.35112.518630.43690.48820.57350.6535
Table 4.4 Heated Gases
Date d47 d47 stdev D47 D47 stderr d48 D48 D48 stdev
April-10 28.567 0.060 -0.116 0.012 128.971 53.513 0.880 April-10 -4.799 0.103 -0.851 0.007 10.199 4.099 0.300 April-10 -3.958 0.075 -0.817 0.012 12.273 5.179 0.205 April-10 27.925 0.014 -0.132 0.011 125.961 52.129 0.633 April-10 -2.320 0.015 -0.786 0.011 18.606 7.996 0.272 April-10 25.145 0.035 -0.180 0.013 116.299 48.616 0.684
April-10 -4.942 0.035 -0.826 0.008 8.749 3.648 0.123
April-10 -3.127 0.032 -0.822 0.015 15.518 6.541 0.174 April-10 26.648 0.020 -0.163 0.008 120.466 49.515 0.388 May-10 24.335 0.064 -0.146 0.011 114.441 48.778 1.788
May-10 -3.406 0.076 -0.807 0.010 15.045 6.604 0.348
May-10 23.563 0.074 -0.199 0.010 110.968 46.609 1.288
May-10 -3.449 0.060 -0.852 0.009 14.713 6.325 0.306
May-10 22.432 0.059 -0.234 0.007 107.796 46.056 1.147 July-10 27.648 0.021 -0.088 0.008 124.692 51.808 1.170
July-10 -3.422 0.016 -0.812 0.013 15.457 6.714 0.283
July-10 26.276 0.029 -0.125 0.013 120.198 50.105 0.784 July-10 26.985 0.017 -0.163 0.012 119.701 48.283 0.829
July-10 -3.214 0.017 -0.844 0.010 15.559 6.661 0.434
July-10 9.669 0.016 -0.526 0.013 58.398 23.681 0.485
July-10 20.978 0.031 -0.257 0.012 100.124 41.812 0.656 September-10 25.103 0.016 -0.253 0.010 108.100 40.484 0.911 September-10 27.447 0.028 -0.232 0.010 115.565 43.145 0.976 September-10 26.634 0.016 -0.230 0.008 112.780 42.406 0.845 September-10 -2.279 0.013 -0.826 0.017 18.063 7.068 0.262 September-10 24.881 0.017 -0.239 0.011 106.959 40.621 0.607 September-10 25.589 0.015 -0.209 0.007 110.951 42.162 0.990 September-10 27.411 0.012 -0.199 0.015 116.367 44.196 0.915 September-10 -4.113 0.015 -0.808 0.012 11.797 4.757 0.157 September-10 25.289 0.011 -0.178 0.013 113.819 45.903 1.441 September-10 -3.359 0.022 -0.849 0.011 14.626 5.887 0.308 September-10 25.927 0.027 -0.218 0.019 112.601 43.413 0.593 September-10 -3.584 0.013 -0.820 0.015 13.758 5.658 0.288 September-10 25.952 0.021 -0.215 0.015 112.566 43.296 0.480 December-10 -3.092 0.017 -0.811 0.011 13.460 4.568 0.261 December-10 26.004 0.013 -0.236 0.013 104.155 34.756 0.327 December-10 -2.776 0.016 -0.823 0.020 14.379 4.859 0.364 December-10 16.299 0.016 -0.430 0.007 74.174 25.707 0.338 December-10 -3.621 0.032 -0.809 0.009 12.440 4.505 0.149 December-10 27.337 0.012 -0.203 0.015 108.433 36.778 0.263 December-10 27.086 0.009 -0.205 0.015 107.918 36.768 0.284 December-10 27.170 0.018 -0.193 0.004 109.105 37.500 0.260 December-10 27.233 0.014 -0.201 0.010 108.943 37.282 0.417 December-10 26.529 0.015 -0.213 0.009 107.290 36.959 0.131 February-11 -2.471 0.010 -0.792 0.009 13.670 3.592 0.567 February-11 24.096 0.022 -0.498 0.014 86.004 21.225 0.407 February-11 24.286 0.024 -0.505 0.012 85.813 20.701 0.492 February-11 -5.078 0.027 -0.833 0.010 7.210 2.027 0.263 February-11 -2.977 0.019 -0.784 0.013 12.135 3.031 0.282 February-11 25.440 0.019 -0.523 0.009 89.775 22.197 0.391 February-11 -3.972 0.023 -0.845 0.013 9.732 2.190 0.331 February-11 26.498 0.024 -0.516 0.014 92.313 22.410 0.377 April-11 -3.676 0.018 -0.955 0.014 16.676 8.185 0.903 April-11 27.087 0.017 -0.076 0.014 151.726 77.566 1.352 April-11 18.498 0.028 -0.318 0.016 114.863 60.253 1.767
AprilͲ11 19.757 0.033 Ͳ0.292 0.020 118.608 61.650 1.266 AprilͲ11 20.226 0.013 Ͳ0.283 0.016 123.199 65.321 1.711 AprilͲ11 Ͳ3.062 0.017 Ͳ0.938 0.012 18.875 9.894 1.187 AprilͲ11 Ͳ3.215 0.026 Ͳ0.924 0.015 18.823 9.504 1.042 AprilͲ11 17.870 0.020 Ͳ0.354 0.013 113.079 59.771 1.029 AprilͲ11 17.552 0.027 Ͳ0.359 0.019 109.589 57.139 1.781 SeptemberͲ11 17.458 0.023 Ͳ0.484 0.011 87.032 35.636 1.125 SeptemberͲ11 17.630 0.011 Ͳ0.491 0.010 88.168 36.380 0.825 SeptemberͲ11 15.501 0.020 Ͳ0.538 0.013 83.001 33.837 0.969 SeptemberͲ11 24.189 0.016 Ͳ0.289 0.014 110.991 45.515 1.020 SeptemberͲ11 Ͳ3.837 0.020 Ͳ0.973 0.009 14.410 6.543 1.412 SeptemberͲ11 23.195 0.012 Ͳ0.353 0.009 105.207 41.843 0.745 SeptemberͲ11 19.367 0.009 Ͳ0.466 0.013 91.771 37.119 0.939 SeptemberͲ11 20.623 0.022 Ͳ0.360 0.022 103.382 44.175 3.177 SeptemberͲ11 Ͳ4.886 0.027 Ͳ0.911 0.012 9.964 3.577 0.775 SeptemberͲ11 15.635 0.016 Ͳ0.490 0.017 81.408 33.030 0.931 SeptemberͲ11 Ͳ3.619 0.024 Ͳ0.933 0.007 16.035 7.104 1.084 SeptemberͲ11 Ͳ5.129 0.020 Ͳ0.942 0.013 9.207 3.557 0.661 SeptemberͲ11 23.159 0.022 Ͳ0.353 0.017 107.511 43.499 1.064 SeptemberͲ11 Ͳ6.663 0.015 Ͳ0.953 0.019 4.796 1.636 0.922 SeptemberͲ11 22.231 0.012 Ͳ0.380 0.011 104.243 42.334 0.736 OctoberͲ11 21.707 0.015 Ͳ0.836 0.014 64.174 4.887 0.693 OctoberͲ11 22.325 0.016 Ͳ0.873 0.016 65.802 5.069 0.547 OctoberͲ11 21.520 0.040 Ͳ0.853 0.018 64.131 5.206 0.660 OctoberͲ11 21.381 0.005 Ͳ0.863 0.018 63.860 5.176 0.766 OctoberͲ11 Ͳ2.800 0.018 Ͳ0.889 0.012 10.812 0.722 0.578 OctoberͲ11 Ͳ2.984 0.019 Ͳ0.887 0.017 10.373 0.601 0.619 OctoberͲ11 Ͳ2.921 0.020 Ͳ0.879 0.015 11.162 1.327 0.526 NovemberͲ11 18.125 7.324 Ͳ0.550 0.013 71.631 14.407 0.258 NovemberͲ11 Ͳ3.458 0.029 Ͳ0.819 0.013 10.749 2.218 0.175 NovemberͲ11 Ͳ2.847 0.044 Ͳ0.829 0.014 12.221 2.456 0.100 NovemberͲ11 19.308 0.039 Ͳ0.550 0.014 68.169 14.040 0.323 NovemberͲ11 20.802 0.034 Ͳ0.578 0.014 72.591 15.125 0.250 NovemberͲ11 15.406 0.026 Ͳ0.622 0.010 58.119 12.216 0.126 NovemberͲ11 20.695 0.013 Ͳ0.533 0.006 72.447 15.391 0.232 NovemberͲ11 Ͳ3.400 0.029 Ͳ0.825 0.006 11.196 2.382 0.258 JanuaryͲ12 Ͳ5.997 0.020 Ͳ0.793 0.008 4.843 1.504 0.373 JanuaryͲ12 24.612 0.037 Ͳ0.402 0.014 89.322 23.851 0.270 JanuaryͲ12 27.002 9.547 Ͳ0.404 0.013 96.456 25.862 0.215 JanuaryͲ12 Ͳ3.869 0.026 Ͳ0.742 0.009 10.054 3.001 0.326 JanuaryͲ12 26.538 0.029 Ͳ0.417 0.010 94.898 24.860 0.157 JanuaryͲ12 Ͳ3.563 0.030 Ͳ0.785 0.011 10.756 2.963 0.248
Table 4.5 Corals Displaying VitalEffects
name d47 D47 d48 D48 d13C d18O
Standard Corrected
D47 T
NT 018 15.63132 0.186437 58.88185 25.51586 -4.63575 41.51038 0.74681058 4.704097 NT 018 15.39448 0.192188 58.27079 25.1616 -4.761 41.38975 0.75973821 2.391137 NT 018 15.16933 0.223778 73.07797 39.87223 -4.82713 41.21638 0.7615392 2.073473 NT 018 15.34129 0.221621 72.94356 39.70716 -4.667 41.2335 0.75389262 3.429828 NT 018 12.59185 0.129974 66.20617 34.38449 -6.763 40.63038 0.73824471 6.269145
displays Vital Effect NT 012 12.66207 0.137344 56.60584 24.2974 -7.12375 41.08388 0.81723665 -7.23873 NT 012 11.92694 0.102082 55.43887 23.41951 -7.70725 40.95638 0.79510827 -3.65345 NT 012 13.61496 0.172114 58.47579 25.41241 -6.52925 41.36725 0.78184756 -1.43417 NT 012 13.85587 0.150584 58.27658 25.03667 -6.35525 41.45988 0.75010847 4.108521 NT 012 13.74895 0.146518 58.35912 25.16717 -6.434 41.43425 0.74804622 4.480499 NT 012 9.352701 -0.02395 48.09286 18.67026 -8.9515 39.68463 0.70293999 13.01053
displays Vital Effect NT 012 10.08594 -0.08848 40.20823 10.34648 -8.51925 40.05425 0.72337957 9.049046
displays Vital Effect NT 012 9.6742 -0.11327 39.8487 10.23738 -8.7895 39.93113 0.69994756 13.60462
displays Vital Effect NT 012 9.746315 -0.093 40.21668 10.55068 -8.75975 39.95375 0.72230748 9.252759
displays Vital Effect NT 012 9.603088 -0.09199 40.00354 10.51414 -8.81825 39.86613 0.72519396 8.70529
displays Vital Effect NT 012 9.973165 0.032681 65.2537 34.9888 -8.55913 39.865 0.71240277 11.1559
displays Vital Effect NT 012 9.751269 -0.0214 46.01635 16.34367 -8.7065 39.84213 0.70228525 13.1402
displays Vital Effect NT 012 9.523557 -0.00371 46.02221 16.54354 -8.85688 39.74313 0.72681455 8.39931
displays Vital Effect NT 014 14.15176 0.173341 60.82013 26.44655 -6.61838 41.99563 0.76945394 0.690359 NT 014 14.11915 0.161277 60.42125 26.08135 -6.6285 41.985 0.75599303 3.055259 NT 014 13.75872 0.139085 59.3339 25.41925 -6.70613 41.82188 0.73898241 6.13332 NT 014 13.57255 0.143543 52.41274 18.96659 -6.82938 41.67088 0.79913414 -4.31653 NT 014 13.14066 0.178453 72.75109 39.15385 -7.0545 41.42275 0.77437003 -0.15831 NT 014 13.6076 0.192435 73.13108 39.01066 -6.85188 41.67875 0.77529744 -0.31753 NT 014 13.30258 0.147566 73.44214 39.63194 -6.9545 41.5185 0.73562198 6.753651 NT 014 13.28895 0.147076 71.86689 38.20698 -6.91663 41.468 0.73550516 6.77529 NT 014 9.64182 -0.00433 46.99558 17.34848 -8.80838 39.81488 0.72350563 9.025123
displays Vital Effect NT 014 13.34258 0.151188 51.61309 18.41459 -6.95675 41.55725 0.81265527 -6.5082
Table 4.6-14C Dates
UCIAMS Sample Name Fm ± D14C ± 14C age ±
94283 14C-NT-002 0.246821 0.000797 -753.179 0.796519 11240 30 94294 14C-NT-006 0.159514 0.000746 -840.486 0.745506 14745 40 94295 14C-NT-007 0.16904 0.000713 -830.96 0.712631 14280 35 94297 14C-NT-010 0.246049 0.000752 -753.951 0.752397 11265 25 94298 14C-NT-012 0.169699 0.000712 -830.301 0.712215 14250 35 94299 14C-NT-013 0.171814 0.000777 -828.186 0.777304 14150 40 94300 14C-NT-014 0.169222 0.000761 -830.778 0.761363 14270 40 94301 14C-NT-015 0.165354 0.000751 -834.646 0.750784 14455 40 94302 14C-NT-016 0.167163 0.000726 -832.837 0.726462 14370 35 94303 14C-NT-017 0.269392 0.000946 -730.608 0.946269 10535 30 94304 14C-NT-018 0.255347 0.0008 -744.653 0.799811 10965 30 94306 14C-NT-020 0.244856 0.000785 -755.144 0.785297 11305 30 94307 14C-NT-030 0.254247 0.000806 -745.753 0.805702 11000 30 94308 14C-NT-031 0.20836 0.000784 -791.64 0.783763 12600 35 94309 14C-NT-032. 0.179448 0.000793 -820.552 0.793096 13800 40
Table 4.7-U-Series Age determination for Corals ID U238 conc
ppb Error 232 Th
pmol/g Error d234U(T) Error 230Th/238U Corrected
Age Error d234U
initial
U-NT002 3396.39 0.64 1.31 0.57 142.90 0.45 0.12 12244 42 147.9336
U-NT006 3569.01 0.84 5.98 0.73 148.35 0.55 0.17 17739 178 155.9805
U-NT007 3448.81 0.84 3.30 0.75 146.65 0.46 0.15 15638 102 153.2785
U-NT010 3072.02 0.90 0.22 0.89 143.94 0.45 0.12 12104 10 148.949
U-NT012 3588.71 0.58 3.79 0.46 145.59 0.45 0.15 15487 113 152.1037
U-NT013 3542.14 0.91 17.39 0.81 146.23 0.39 0.16 15560 527 152.8013
U-NT014 3512.94 0.72 8.85 0.63 144.90 0.41 0.16 16107 270 151.6499
U-NT015 4724.64 1.00 5.12 0.00 139.34 0.40 0.17 17228 116 146.2889
U-NT016 5287.18 4.20 3.93 0.03 142.14 0.45 0.15 15154 80 148.363
U-NT017 3907.84 7.29 25.66 0.09 145.24 0.81 0.12 11773 708 150.1589
U-NT018 5149.60 5.09 20.13 0.04 143.77 0.54 0.14 13870 420 149.5148
U-NT020 4463.25 3.56 4.69 0.03 142.91 0.52 0.12 12168 113 147.9122
U-NT030 3611.69 4.59 23.60 0.06 143.61 0.65 0.12 11889 705 148.5139
U-NT031 3482.02 4.31 2.55 0.05 155.06 0.68 0.16 15698 78 162.0975
U-NT-032 4075.44 3.01 6.79 0.03 147.30 0.45 0.15 15495 178 153.8901
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Temperature
δ13C
NT 012 NT 018 NT 014 All other Corals
Figure 4.4: Three deep-sea corals exhibit vital effects. This vital effect is exhibited as an increase in temperature that corresponds to very depleted δ13C values.
very depleted δ13C values correspond to elevated temperatures. These very depleted δ13C values are typically found in the centers of calcification (COCs). Future work will involve measuring the clumped isotope value of COCs.
After excluding points, that were effected by vital effects, we reconstructed
temperature profiles. The temperature profile for the YD and H1 is much cooler than the modern ocean. The Younger Dryas temperature profile is isothermal -1.5 to 0.5oC at all measured depths. The coral from the Bolling Allerod is as warm as modern at 3.1oC at 1316 m while the H1 profile is isothermal from 1000 ̶ 2000 m, with a range of (-1.2 ̶ -0.2oC). At deeper depths, there is a slight warming to 3.5oC. From 16.1 ̶ 17.7ka BP at 1427 ̶ 2459 m the temperature ranges form -1.1 ̶ 1.3oC implying that the warming at deeper depths started after 16.1 ka BP.
The isothermal temperature profile of the YD and slight warming at deeper depths in the H1 profile implies that the deglacial ocean was stratified by salt as opposed to by temperature as it is in the modern ocean. The ∆14C profile for the YD ranges from 64- 119‰ while the H1 profile ranges from 45 ̶ 170‰. During late H1, at 1381 ̶ 2265 m the profile is near constant while below at 2593 m, the ∆14C is depleted relative to the upper water column.