Chapter 2: Multiphysics simulation in microfluidic pathogen detection
2.3 Validating cell distribution on an asymmetric membrane for integrated digital
2.3.3 Simulation methods
We performed finite element modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics® (COMSOL Multiphysics, 2015). The fluid regime above the asymmetric membrane was modeled to resemble the geometry inside the membrane fitter used in the experiments. A cylindrical fluid regime connected to the outlet was below the asymmetric membrane. The asymmetric membrane was modeled as two layers of fluid separator, each with a thickness of 25 µm and a diameter of 13 mm. The micropores in the upper layer are 25 µm diameter, with the center- to-center distance at 225 µm. For the bottom membrane layer, the nanochannels are 400 nm in diameter with the center-to-center distance at 2 µm. The fluid was simulated with properties of water, with a density of 1 × 103 kg⸱m−3, and a dynamic viscosity μ of 1 × 10−3 Pa⸱s. The inlet fluid was set as a normal flow with a velocity of 0.0318 m/s, which was approximately calculated by the experimental rate of fluid injection via syringe.
The laminar flow module was used first to solve the steady-state Navier–Stokes equations. Under the calculated flow field throughout the modeled fluid regime containing the membrane, the time-dependent particle movement along the fluid was simulated using the particle tracing under fluid flow module. To qualitatively determine if the cells can be uniformly distributed into the micropores, thousands of particles were set to be released from the inlet, and their trajectories were calculated. The movement of the particles was dominated by the drag force exerted by the fluid flow. The particles were set to freeze upon contacting the walls inside the millipores, so that the distribution pattern of all the particles could be assessed by the final x-position. The particle diameter was set to 1.1 µm, and the density was set to 1100 kg/m3, based on the properties of E. coli (Martinez-Salas et al., 1981).
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C h a p t e r 3
CHAPTER 3: A HYDROGEL BEAD-BASED PLATFORM