43 CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the findings as a result of data analysis. It discussed statistical descriptions, statistical inferential and discussion.
in learning process. This means that students are taught by using the blackboard as a medium and the form of the test is a paper-based test. The students followed the rule of learning process without Learn English Grammar Application. The subject was students in X OI B.
The students consists of 33 students. The post-test was done on April, 21th 2022. In the control group, the researcher also gave the students 20 questions in the form of a paper-based test. This means that students must answer 20 questions by answering the answer sheet with a pen.
To describe the data, the researcher showed the criteria for the student's scores. The criteria of the score as follow:
Table 4.1 Criteria of Student Score No Classification Range of score 1 Excellent 96-100
2 Very good 86-95
3 Good 76-85
4 Fairly good 66-75
5 Fair 56-65
6 Poor 46-55
7 Very poor 0-45
The researcher gives the post-test in different formats. In the control class, The researcher asked the students to do a test in the form of a paper-based test. This means that students must answer 20 questions by answering the answer sheet with a pen. On the other hand, in the experimental class, the researcher asked the students to do tests using google forms. The student's scores in the pre-test and post-test are presented as follows:
1. The Students’ Score in Experimental Class a. Experiment Class Pre-test
The pre-test was conducted on January 24, 2022. The experimental class is the class that gets treatment by using English grammar applications in teaching future tenses class X students of SMKN 1 Jenangan. Subject of this study consisted of 35 students in class X OI A. The highest score was 85 and the lowest score is 40. By using SPSS it is known that the average student the score on the pre-test is 69,86 and the mode is 80, the median is 70.
Table 4.2 Table of Descriptie Statistic Experimental Pre-Test
Statistics
PRE-TEST EXPERIMENTAL
Nilai Statistika
N Valid 35
Missing 0
Mean 67,00
Median 70,00
Mode 80,00
Minimum 40,00
Maximum 85,00
Table 4.3 Frequency of Experimental Pre test PRE-TEST EXPERIMENTAL
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 40,00 1 2,9 2,9 2,9
45,00 1 2,9 2,9 5,7
55,00 3 8,6 8,6 14,3
60,00 5 14,3 14,3 28,6
65,00 3 8,6 8,6 37,1
70,00 6 17,1 17,1 54,3
75,00 4 11,4 11,4 65,7
80,00 8 22,9 22,9 88,6
85,00 4 11,4 11,4 100,0
Total 35 100,0 100,0
Note :
1. Frequency, shows the number of respondents who have value. For example, there are 3 respondents with a value of 55.00.
2. Percent, shows the percentage of the amount of data that has value certain
Figure 4.1 Histogram of Experimental Pretest Score
b. The Students’ Score in Post-Test
Table 4.4 Descriptie Statstc of Experimental Post-Test
Statistics
POST-TEST EXPERIMENTAL
N Valid 35
Missing 0
Mean 78.00
Median 80,00
Mode 80,00
Minimum 60,00
Maximum 90,00
The post-test was done in January, 31th 2022. The subject of post-test consist of 35 students. the highest score was 90. The lowest score was 60. By using SPSS the researcher knew the mean of students score was 78 the mode was 80, and the median was 80.
Table 4.5 Frequency Experimental Post-Test POST-TEST EXPERIMENTAL
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 60,00 1 2,9 2,9 2,9
65,00 2 5,7 5,7 8,6
70,00 7 20,0 20,0 28,6
75,00 3 8,6 8,6 37,1
77,00 1 2,9 2,9 40,0
80,00 13 37,1 37,1 77,1
85,00 4 11,4 11,4 88,6
90,00 4 11,4 11,4 100,0
Total 35 100,0 100,0
Figure 4.2 Histogram of Experimental Pre-Test Score
2. The Students’ Score in Control class a. Pre-test of Control class
Pre-test class is a class which was given a treatment in teaching future tense but the students do not get the treatment with application. The researcher used conventional method in learning process. The students followed the rule of learning process without Learn English Grammar Application. The subject was students in X OI B. The students consists of 33 students. For the detailed score of students pre-test in experimental group, the researcher use SPSS as follows:
Table 4.6 Descriptie Statistic of Control Class Pre-Test
Statistics
PRE-TEST CONTROL
N Valid 33
Missing 0
Mean 71,81
Median 70,00
Mode 80,00
Minimum 45,00
Maximum 90,00
The highest score was 90 the lowest score was 45. The means of students score was 71,81, the median was 70, and the mode was 80.
Table 4.7 Frequencies of Control Class Pre-Test PRE-TEST CONTROL
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 45,00 1 3,0 3,0 3,0
55,00 1 3,0 3,0 6,1
60,00 5 15,2 15,2 21,2
65,00 2 6,1 6,1 27,3
70,00 8 24,2 24,2 51,5
75,00 4 12,1 12,1 63,6
80,00 9 27,3 27,3 90,9
85,00 2 6,1 6,1 97,0
90,00 1 3,0 3,0 100,0
Total 33 100,0 100,0
Figure 4.3 Histogram of Control Pre-Test Score
b. Post-Test Control Class
Administering post-test in control class was done to know the improvement of students achievements in using simple future tense. The subject was students in X OI B with 33 students. The post-test was done on April, 21th 2022.
Table 4.8 Descriptie Statistics of Control Post-Test Statistics
POST-TEST CONTROL
N Valid 33
Missing 0
Mean 76,51
Median 80,00
Mode 80,00
Minimum 60,00
Maximum 90,00
The highest score was 90 the lowest score was 60. By using SPSS it was known that the mean was 76,51 the mode was 80 and the median was 80.
Table 4.9 Frequency of Control Post-Test POST-TEST CONTROL
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 60,00 1 3,0 3,0 3,0
65,00 1 3,0 3,0 6,1
70,00 8 24,2 24,2 30,3
75,00 5 15,2 15,2 45,5
80,00 14 42,4 42,4 87,9
85,00 3 9,1 9,1 97,0
90,00 1 3,0 3,0 100,0
Total 33 100,0 100,0
Figure 4.4 Histogram of Control Pos-Test Score
3. The Difference of Statistical Data in Post-Test of Control and Experimental Class
Based on the result of students score in pretest between control group and experimental group were normal. The researcher only compared the students score of post- tests. The result of statistical calculation will be shown as follow:
Table 4.10 Experimental Class No. Name Pre Test Post Test
1. A Z S 75 85
2. A E P 75 80
3. A A M 60 75
4. A M 55 70
5. A D C S 65 65
6. A E 80 80
7. A F A 80 85
8. A W P 80 85
9. A Y R 80 90
10. B D 40 60
11. D M F F 60 65
12. D K 70 80
13. D M K P 85 90
14. D A S 70 70
15. D D N 80 90
16. D P 65 80
17. D F N F 55 80
18. D M D S 75 80
19. D P A P 80 85
20. D H 80 80
21. E R 85 70
22. F D A 70 70
23. F A 45 70
24. G S B 60 75
25. G T M 60 80
26. K F 75 70
27. K R D F 70 80
28. L A N 55 80
29. M D G 70 75
30. M I F 70 80
31. M A A 80 80
32. M E S 85 90
33. M F N H 85 80
34. M F D S 60 75
35. M F V M 65 70
Table 4.11 Control Class
No Name Pre Test Post Test
1. M I D 60 70
2. M N T 70 70
3. M R S 70 75
4. M Y A 55 70
5. M Z A A 80 80
6. N S H W 75 80
7. N E Y S 70 80
8. O Z N A 60 70
9. P P 80 80
10. P W K K 80 80
11. R A F 90 90
12. R F F O 65 70
13. R D S 70 70
14. R S P 70 75
15. R R M 85 80
16. R W S 80 80
17. R A H 75 80
18. R A 80 85
19. R P W 45 70
20. R W S 60 60
21. R A R 75 75
22. S A G 70 80
23. S O S N 70 75
24. S N 80 80
25. S C W 75 80
26. T R W 60 65
27. T W F P 70 75
28. T A 85 85
29. V A W K 80 80
30. W A 80 85
31. Y O R 60 70
32. Y R 65 80
33. Y H D P P 80 80
Table 4.12 Descriptive Statistic of Control and Experimental Group
Statistics
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL
N Valid 35 33
Missing 0 2
Mean 77,7714 76,5152
Median 80,0000 80,0000
Mode 80,00 80,00
Minimum 60,00 60,00
Maximum 90,00 90,00
Based on the table above, it can be seen the differences students score of control group and experimental group. The mode of control class post test was 80, the median was 80 and the mean was 76,51. While, in experimental group the highest score was 90, and the lowest score was 60. The mean of experimental class was 77,77, while the median and mode was 80 at all.
The result showed that the experimental class or the class who get the treatment by using Learn English Grammar application was higher than the group without the treatment.
There was significance difference of the student’s score in the test between group who get the treatment and the other one without treatment. In other hand, the use of Learn English Grammar Application is effective to teach Future Tense in tenth grade students of SMKN 1 Jenangan Ponorogo in academic year 2021/2022.
In this research, the researcher used SPSS to know the effectiveness of Learn English Grammar Application in teaching future tense of X OI A and X OI B in SMKN 1 Jenangan.
These subjects were referred as independent because they were independently from different subject. The result would be shown as follow:
Table 4.13 Group Statistic of Two Group
Student Score
Kelas Mean N Std. Deviation
Experimental 77,771 35 7,5929
Control 76,515 33 6,4329
Total 77,162 68 7,0300
Based on the table above showed the students score who were taught by using English Grammar Application as Experimental group and the students without English Grammar Application as control group. The output showed that the mean of control class was 76,51 and the mean of experimental class was 77,77. The member of students (N) is the control class was 33 and the member of experimental class was 35. Standard deviation of control class is 6,4329 and the error was 1,1198. While the standard deviation of experimental class was 7,5929 and the error was 1,2834.
B. Statistical Inferential
Statistics inferensial is a data analysis technique used to determine the extent of the similarity between the results obtained from a sample with the results to be obtained in the population as a whole. Inferential statistics will make predictions about conclusions from data collection techniques. So by using inferential statistics, we can take data from the sample we choose and then make generalizations about a population. Methods related to the analysis of data on samples to be used for generalization to the population.
The data samples taken in this study were students of class X OI A and X OI B . The population used in this study were 10th grade students of SMKN 1 Jenangan. Based on the above observations, the researchers used the Multiple Regression Analysis Data Test to
determine the effectiveness of using grammar applications in learning grammar. Multiple Linear Regression analysis method is a statistical technique to create a model and investigate the effect of one or more independent variables (independent variables) on one response variable (dependent variable).
1. Assumption Test
a. The Normality Testing
Normality testing is conducted to determine whether the gained data was normal distribution or not. The researcher used SPSS 16.0 One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnove test by the value of significance (α) =0.050. The result can be seen in table below:
Figure 4.5 Normality Probability Plot Pre Test
Figure 4.6 Normality Probability Plot Post Test
The results of the study shown in the figure show that the points spread around the diagonal line and the distribution follows the diagonal line, so it can be concluded that the data in the regression model with the normality test are normally distributed.
Table 4.14 Normality Testing
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Pre Test Post Test
N 35 35
Normal Parametersa,b Mean 69,86 76,71
Std. Deviation 11,599 8,220 Most Extreme Differences Absolute ,152 ,170
Positive ,096 ,136
Negative -,152 -,170
Test Statistic ,152 ,170
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,040c ,012c
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
The standard significant of education is 0.05 (α = 5%). To determine data was normal distribution or not it can be seen from the result of data normality testing. Based on the output from SPSS above is known that the significance value from pre-test was 0.152 and from the post-test was 0.170. Both value from pre-test and post-test were bigger than 0.05. The sig/p value on pre-test is 0.175 and it is bigger than 0.05 (0.175>0.05).it means that H0 is accepted and H1 rejected, so the data is in normal distribution. Then, for post-test score value of sig/p is 0.170 and that is bigger than 0.05 (0.170>0.05). It also means that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected and the data is in normal distribution. Thus, it can be interpreted that both of data (pre-test and post-test score) are in normal distribution.
b.The Heteroscedasticity Testing
Heteroscedasticity test to determine whether the absolute residual variation is the same or not the same for all observations, if there is heteroscedasticity, it becomes no longer efficient in small or large samples and the estimated coefficient can be said to be inaccurate.
Table 4.15 Hasil Uji Glejser DPK, FDR dan Inflasi
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
T Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 14,586 10,034 1,454 ,156
Eksperimen(X1) ,018 ,078 ,041 ,234 ,817
Kontrol (X2) -,140 ,094 -,264 -1,493 ,146
a. Dependent Variable: Abs_REES
In the calculation results above it is known that the significance value of Experimental variables and Control variables are more than 0.05 (each 0.817 and 0.146), it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity.
c. The Autocorrelation Testing
The autocorrelation assumption test aims to determine whether there is a relationship between observations from one observation in the linear regression model and observations from other. A good regression model is a model that has no correlation. There are several ways to detect the presence or absence of autocorrelation problems in the regression model. That is doing Durbin-Watson statistical test, Run test, and Box-Ljung test. The test results are shown below in this study, which was carried out with the Durbin-Watson statistical test. The Durbin-Watson test compares the DW statistical results with the DW table. If DW statistic > DW table, we can conclude that there is no autocorrelation problem. The presence or absence of autocorrelation can be demonstrated using the Durbin-Watson test. If the calculated DW value is close to or close to 2, then the model is free from the autocorrelation assumption.
Table 4.16 Hasil Uji Durbin Watson Model Summaryb
Model R R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate Durbin-Watson
1 ,704a ,496 ,481 8,356 1,873
a. Predictors: (Constant), Post Test b. Dependent Variable: Pre Test
Based on the table above. The Durbin-Watson count value is 1.873. While the magnitude of the DW-table, dl = 1.5144 du = 1.6518, 4-du = 2.3484, and 4-dl
= 2.4856 (Table 4.14), it is concluded from the calculation that the DW-test is located in the Autocorrelation area.
From the picture above, the value of DW (1.873) is between the values of DU and 4-DU, so there is no autocorrelation in this regression, it can be concluded that there is no autocorrelation, so that the linear regression analysis can be continued.
2. Hypothesis and Interpretation Testing
The hypothesis testing of this research are as follows:
1. If P-value < α, H0 is rejected
It means that there are significance differences between experimental class and control class or the English Grammar application is effective to teach Simple Future Tense in SMKN 1 Jenangan in academic year 2021/2022.
2. If P-value ≥ α, H0 is not rejected
It means that there is no significance differences between experimental class and control class. The English Grammar application is not effective to teach Simple Future Tense in SMKN 1 Jenangan in academic year 2021/2022. To know whether the P-value bigger or smaller than α, the researcher analyzed the data by using SPSS.
Table 4.17 The Result of Analyzing Paired Sample T Test Statistics Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1 Pre Test 69,86 35 11,599 1,961
Post Test 76,71 35 8,220 1,389
This output shows the statistical summary results of both samples or pre-test and post- test data. For the pre-test value obtained an average of 69,86. As for the post-test value, the average value was 76,71.
Table 4.18 The Result of Analyzing Paired Sample T Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t df
Sig. (2- tailed) Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference Lower Upper Pair
1
Pre Test - Post Test
- 6,857
8,232 1,392 -9,685 -4,029 - 4,928
34 ,000
The basis for decision making Paired Sample T-Test:
1. if the value of Sig. (2-tailed) < Research Alpha (0.05), then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted
2. . if the value of Sig. (2-tailed) < Research Alpha (0.05), then H0 is accepted and Ha
is rejected
Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that Sig. (2-tailed) < Alpha (0.000<0.05).
This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. On the base of statistical calculation, in can be stated that the English Grammar Application is effective to teach Simple Future Tense on the tenth Grader of SMKN 1 Jenangan.
C. Dicussion
In this part, the researcher presents the discussion of analyzed data that has been presented in previous sub chapter.
Based on the analysis above, the post-test mean of control group was 76,51. While the students score mean in experimental group was 77,77. And the result show that P value or sig is smaller than (0.005). It indicated that after the researcher gave treatment to the experimental group, their score was really increase than before. During the treatment, the researcher saw they looked very curious with the application and their activity in class were only focused on the Applications given.
Based on the explanation of the results in the table above the researcher can conclude that by using application in teaching grammar in the simple future tense is successful in improve students' grades in grammar class. From the data above, then student scores can increase after the use of English Tense android application. With only a slight difference in results 1.26 . This is because there are difficulties in teaching material using the application.
Many students are still not used to learning using applications. And when learning there are students who don't open grammar applications but other applications. So it affects the results.
In previous sub chapter, stated that the null hypothesis is rejected. It means that the Learn English Grammar Application is effective to teach Simple Future Tense on the tenth grader on SMKN 1 Jenangan. In conclusion, it is very appropriate to use Learn English Grammar Application in Teaching Simple future tense. Based on the research finding.
This research related to the journal from Rahaka Panji Prawira and Mukhaiyar " The Use Of “Kahoot” (Online Quiz Application) In Teaching Grammar For Second Year Students At Sma Pembangunan Laboratorium Unp" The use of the Kahoot application in learning grammar at the UNP Laboratory Development High School. Student to be always active in participating in learning activities especially Grammar so that it can produce
comprehensive, affective, psychomotor, and cognitive knowledge and prepare material to be studied first. And the journal from Jajat Imanudin and Darojatun Qurotu A’yun "The Effectiveness Of ”Grammar Bahasa Inggris” Application In Improving Students’ Grammar".
From these two journals are related to the use of grammar applications in learning grammar in class.
65 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
The English Grammar Application is effective to teach Simple Future Tense on the tenth Grade of SMKN 1 Jenangan in academic year 2021/20122. It can be seen from the students before and after treatment. The score after the treatment was higher than the score before the treatment. The post-test mean of control group was 76,51. While the students score mean in experimental group was 77,77. And the result show that P value or sig is smaller than (0.005). It indicated that after the researcher gave treatment to the experimental group, their score was really increase than before. Thus, the use of Learn English Grammar application is effective in teaching simple future tense. Based on the explanation of the results in the table above the researcher can conclude that using application in teaching grammar in the simple future tense is successful in improve students' grades in grammar.
From the data above, then student scores can increase after the use of application. The students were very active when the researcher gave them question. So many of them raised their hand to answer the researcher question in experimental class.
B. Suggestion
The finding of research show that Learn English Grammar Application was effective to used. Thus, some suggestion is addressed to:
a. For Students
Learn English Grammar Application is a modern media which is simple than book . Downloading this application from playstore, the students can learn grammar in their leisure time. The researcher hope that the students will increase their ability in English especially in grammar after study with Learn English Grammar Application.
b. For English Teacher
Teacher must be creative to help their students understand in material in order to make them enjoy the learning process in school. If the teacher uses modern media as like this application in class, the students will understand and enjoy the material faster than use conventional media. In the end of academic year, the students in class will get higher value than previous semester.
c. For Readers
The researcher suggests for the readers to download application such kind of source of knowledge in playstore to get more knowledge from mobile phone.
d. For The Future Research
This research is not perfect yet. The researcher suggests to the next researcher to conduct their study on the similar area by improving the methodology or use it as the reference to conduct further research related to the use of Learn English Grammar Application in teaching Grammar. This study is very important because it gives some knowledge to the other researcher and to know the benefit of using media in teaching and learning.
67
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