CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
C. Story Skeleton Model
1. Definition of Story Skeleton Model
Story Skeleton is an organization of structure involves some points based on writing point of text. Story skeleton is sequence of a story involves characters
24 Natanael Saragih, Roswita Silalahi, Hilman Pardede,(2014), The Effectiveness of Using Recount Text to Improve Writing Skill for Grade III Students of Kalam Kudus Elementary School 2 Pematangsiatar, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, (19), Issues. 1, Ver.
XII, pp. 56—64.
identification, the location, the events or matters, the goal, as well as the drawing of sequence of events lead to the resolution of the previously stated problem.25 Story skeleton is drawn in form skeleton of human body.
Many researchers have conducted a research by using variety technique to help students connect between idea in writing such as story-mapping, clustering, webbing or listing. However students need to write their idea in sequence, in order to do that, story skeleton looks like early process in writing makes know what to write next when students write sequence of action in drafting and revising, it will a lot easier.26
Story Skeleton is a combination of picture and chart in form of human body that emphasize on important points of recount text – Orientation, events, and re- orientation. They are presented in different part of body and different purpose which probably can be a guideline for students to write their recount text simpler and understandable.
2. The Application of Story Skeleton Model in Writing Recount Text
As the definition story skeleton model described, story skeleton model is pre- writing model that use visual shapes such as boxes, circles, and lines in order to connect ideas that occurs in students‘ mind. However, story skeleton will not help if these simple steps are not followed. Below is provided to mention the steps how to use story skeleton model in writing.
Figure 2.2
Story Skeleton Model
25 Public School of North Calorina, Second Language Studies: Standart Course of Study and Grade Levels Competencies, (North Calorina : NC Department of Public Instruction, 2004), p.
201.
26 Shutta Crum, Story Skeleton: Teaching Plot Structure with Picture Books, 2005, p. 1.
18
First, Students will see the direction of story skeleton:
1) Head: Write your title of your story
2) Chest / Upper torso: Where and when the story takes place*, then draw the main location on the back of paper by pencil.
3) Abdomen / Hips: Write max 1 – 2 sentences that explain the main story (orientation)*
4) Upper Arms: Write main character 5) Lower Arms: Write other characters*
6) Thighs: Write min 2 sentences explain the events that happened (Event) * 7) Lower Legs: Solution or conclusion (Re-orientation)*
8) Feet: Write moral value that you got on each feet
*Give a number as order of your story
Second, learners should write their idea according to the theme that asked and write points of idea in story skeleton model according to direction.
The procedures of using story skeleton model sequence are first, Learners should give the title of the story on the head of story skeleton in number one.
Next, they should write where and when the story takes place in chest of story skeleton in number two. Then, they should write minimal one or two sentences as the orientation of the story in abdomen of story skeleton in number three. Next, they should write the important characters of the story on upper arms on the right, and others on the left in number four.
After that, they should write interesting detail or favorite moment of the story in lower arms either right or left in number five. Next, they should write minimal one or two sentences events that happened in thighs in number six. Then, they should write minimal one or two sentences for conclusion in lower legs in number seven. Finally, they should give moral value that they got from their experience on the feet in number eight. After they fulfill the story skeleton, they will make that story in form of narration based on story skeleton model.
Teaching recount text by using story skeleton model can influence the learners to write their idea because of the form of skeleton that catch their attention and
write the idea in logical order .According to Robinson that skeleton helps learner to develop the idea in logical organization art.27
They write their idea on story skeleton based on their experience as the effective way to teach them about recount text. According to Joachim, she stated
`that using learners‘ own writing can be an effective way as the basis in developing English instruction.28 And according to Graves in opportunities and risks of personal experience by McCarthey that teaching learners to write the writing based on the topic in their personal experience, means that they contribute in the topic and heed to write it right.29
Based on the explanation above, the writer concludes that the application of story skeleton is done according to the step of story skeleton model. Story Skeleton is used in teaching writing especially recount text because personal experience seems as the effective way in writing especially recount text. They can write their idea in logical order possibility because of story skeleton that help them to write orderly.