CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
B. Suggestion
1. The teacher should give the students more exercise in pronouncing English Diphthong sounds and Triphthong sounds.
2. The teacher should use variety method in teaching English especially pronunciation.
41
3. In order to improve the students‟ ability in pronunciation, it is suggested that the students have to do more practice in pronunciation.
4. The students should always look up the oxford dictionary to make sure the pronunciation of words.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abed, Ahmed. 2013. Error Analysis. Retrieved on 2015-05-12. From.
http://www.slideshare.net/ahmedqadoury/error-analysis-revised- 17890727
Astuti, Lidiana. 2014. Consonants Pronunciation Errors Made By Kindergarten 2 Students In Stamford International Community School Semarang.
Retrieved on 2015-06-01. From. http://eprints.dinus.
ac.id/8288/1/jurnal_13764.pdf
Brown, H.D. 1980. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall Inc.
Corder, S.P. 1971. Idiosyncratic Dialects and Error Analysis:
IRAL(International Review of Applied Linguistic). London: Penguin.
Corder, S.P. 1973. Introducing Applied Linguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.
Corder, S.P. 1981. Error Analysis and Interlingua. London. Oxford University Press.
Crystal, D. 2003. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, (5th ed.). London:
Blackwell.
Dulay, Heide. 1982. Language Two. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ellis, R. 1994. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: OUP.
Ellis, Rod. 1997. Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press Fletcher, Practicia. 2013. Classically Speaking.
Jones, Daniel. 1990. The Pronunciation of English, Cambridge University Press.
Kelly, Gerald. 2001. How to Teach Pronunciation. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
Muenscher, Joseph. 1870. An Introduction To The Orthography and Pronunciation of The English Language.
Norrish, J. 1987. Language Learning and Their Errors. London: Mcmilan Publisher Ltd.
Nurhamda. 1997. The Students’ Difficulties In Pronouncing English Sounds.
Thesis S1. FBS IKIP Ujung Pandang.
Ramelan. 1999. English Phonetics. Semarang: CV. IKIP Semarang Press.
Rameli. 1996. Pronunciation Problems Faced by The Buginess Students. Skripsi S1. FPBS FKIP Ujung Pandang.
Riyani, Okta I and Prayogo, Ananto J. 2011. An Analysis of Pronunciation Errors Made by Indonesian Singers in Malang in Singing English Songs. Retrieved on 2015-05-08. From. http://jurnal- online.um.ac.id/data/artikel/artikel69F88D3F00ABAEB3AF8885006FB 32289.pdf.
Roach, Peter. 2000. English Phonetics and Phonology. United Kingdom:
Cambridge University Press.
Silfiyah, Lu‟aily N. 2014. Error Analysis on English Vowel Sound Production Made by The Sixth Semester Students of Study Program of English Universitas Brawijaya. Retrieved on 2015-05-09. From.
http://jimbastrafib.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jimbastrafib/article/v iew/406.
Sudjana. 1992. Metode Statistika. Bandung: Tarsito.
Varasarin, Patchara. 2007. An Action Research Study of Pronunciation Training, Language Learning Strategies and Speaking Confidence.
Retrieved on 2015-05-08. From.
http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10827059.pdf.
PART A WORD TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO GROUP DIPHTHONG SOUNDS
POSITIONS
INITIAL MIDDLE FINAL
1
/I/
/e ɪ /
Aid Cake Hay
Age Amaze Way
Aim Arrange Say
Ate Attain May
Able Grape Day
2 /a ɪ /
Eyes File High
Ice Bike Buy
Iron Guide Die
Idea Hide Why
Island Vice Lie
3 / ɔɪ /
Oil Avoid Enjoy
Ointment Appoint Boy
Oilman Boil Coy
Oyster Noise Toy
Oilcloth Voice Loy
4 /U/ /əu/
Over Bone Go
Owe Bowl Know
Open Coke Row
Own Load Snow
Ovum Phone No
5 /au/
Out Doubt How
Outcome Bout Now
Outsize Found Cow
Outer Rouse Bow
Output Towns Low
6
/ə/
/ ɪ ə/
Ear Real Near
Earmark Beard Beer
Earphone Steered Clear
Eerie Weary Here
Earmuffs Really Fear
7 /eə/
Air Rarely Fair
Airborne Chairs Bare
Aircraft Stared Dare
Airplane Cares Hair
Airline Sharing Pear
8 /uə/
- Tourist Cure
- Insurance Poor
- During Sure
- Touring Pure
- Rude Mower
PART B
PHRASE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO GROUP DIPHTHONG
SOUNDS PHRASES
1
/I/
/e ɪ /
Wait Tables
Driver Raced Pray Something
2 /a ɪ /
Some Light White Paper Sun Rise
3 / ɔɪ /
Moist Climate
Rate Hoist Japanese Soil
4
/U/
/əu/
Their Homes Hushed Tones
Card Poker
5 /au/
Loud Music
Right Mouse
House Prices
6
/ə/
/ ɪ ə/
Camping Gear Dear Little Good Year
7 /eə/
Three Pairs Tear Someone
Teddy Bear
8 /uə/
Continuous Advances Permanent Mooring
Sinuous Trail
PART C
SENTENCE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
1. /e ɪ /
a. She was half an hour late for her lunch.
b. A player has failed a drugs test.
2. /a ɪ /
a. I hope we‟re doing the right thing.
b. A town on the other side of the river.
3. / ɔɪ /
a. Writing a biography is a voyage of discovery.
b. It‟s pointless to plan too far ahead.
4. /əu/
a. He had given Mrs Carr a Roland for her Oliver.
b. Economic power gravitated towards the lowlands.
5. /au/
a. Ouch! I‟ve trodden on a thistle.
b. He dropped into a defensive crouch.
6. / ɪ ə/
a. The paperback edition didn‟t appear for another two years.
b. The prime engineer of the approach.
7. /eə/
a. I wanted the funeral to be a family affair.
b. A noisy job could permanently impair their hearing.
8. /uə/
a. He gave an assurance that work would begin on Monday.
b. The actor‟s years of durance vile in soap operas.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT PART A
WORD TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO TRIPHTHONG
SOUNDS WORDS
1 /e ɪ ə/
Greyer Strayer Surveyor
Layer Conveyance
2 /a ɪ ə/
Tyre Buyer
Flyer Tired Trial
3 / ɔɪ ə/
Loyal Royal Employer
Annoyer Destroyer
4 /əuə/
Lower Blower Grower Knower Thrower
5 /auə/
Ours Powerful
Flower
Coward
Showery
PART B
PHRASE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO TRIPHTHONG
SOUNDS PHRASES
1 /e ɪ ə/ Team Player
Spring Weigher Pest Sprayers
2 /a ɪ ə/ Only Suspire
Country Squire Enemies Conspired
3 / ɔɪ ə/ General Lawyer
Job Loyally Professional Annoyer 4 /əuə/ Mechanical Sower
College Rower And Knower 5 /auə/ Best Bower
Church Tower
Wheat Flour
PART C
SENTENCE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
1. /e ɪ ə/
a. One of filmdom's most popular portrayers of British secret agent „007,‟
is in Indonesia, but not to film a new James Bond movie.
b. The Lord Mayor of London.
2. /a ɪ ə/
a. Shelley wasn‟t a very good liar.
b. The warehouse has been badly damaged by fire.
3. / ɔɪ ə/
a. An elegant foyer leads directly to the living room.
b. Loyalist a person who supports the union between Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
4. /əuə/
a. You should clean your mower each time you use it.
b. Progress was slower than expected.
5. /auə/
a. He had been scouring the papers for weeks, looking for a job.
b. The courts were empowered to impose the death sentence for certain crimes.
PART A WORD TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO GROUP DIPHTHONG
SOUNDS
POSITIONS
INITIAL MIDDLE FINAL
1
/I/
/e ɪ /
/eɪd/ /keɪk/ /heɪ/
/eɪdʒ/ /ə‟meɪz/ /weɪ/
/eɪm/ /ə‟reɪndʒ/ /seɪ/
/eɪt/ /ə‟teɪn/ /meɪ/
/‟eɪbəl/ /ɡreɪp/ /deɪ/
2 /a ɪ /
/aɪs/ /faɪl/ /haɪ/
/aɪz/ /baɪk/ /baɪ/
/„aɪ:ən/ /ɡaɪd/ /daɪ/
/aɪ‟dɪə/ /haɪd/ /waɪ/
/‟aɪlənd/ /vaɪs/ /laɪ/
3 / ɔɪ /
/ɔɪl/ /ə‟vɔɪd/ /ɛn‟dʒɔɪ/
/‟ɔɪntmənt/ /ə‟pɔɪnt/ /bɔɪ/
/‟ɔɪlmən/ /bɔɪl/ /kɔɪ/
/‟ɔɪstə/ /nɔɪz/ /tɔɪ/
/‟ɔɪlklɒθ/ /vɔɪs/ /lɔɪ/
4 /U/ /əu/
/‟əʊvə/ /bəʊn/ /ɡəʊ/
/əʊ/ /bəʊl/ /nəʊ/
/‟əʊpən/ /kəʊk/ /rəʊ/
/əʊn/ /ləʊd/ /snəʊ/
/‟əʊvəm/ /fəʊn/ /nəʊ/
5 /au/
/aʊt/ /daʊt/ /haʊ/
/‟aʊtkʌm/ /baʊt/ /naʊ/
/‟aʊtsʌɪz/ /faʊnd/ /kaʊ/
/‟aʊtə/ /raʊz/ /baʊ/
/‟aʊtpʊt/ /taʊns/ /laʊ/
6
/ə/
/ ɪ ə/
/ɪə/ /rɪəl/ /nɪə/
/‟ɪəmɑ:k/ /bɪəd/ /bɪə/
/„ɪəfəʊn/ /stɪəd/ /klɪə/
/„ɪəri/ /‟wɪəri/ /hɪə/
/‟ɪəmʌfs/ /‟rɪəli/ /fɪə/
7 /eə/
/eə/ /‟reəli/ /feə/
/‟eəbɔ:n/ /tʃeə/ /beə/
/‟eəkrɑ:ft/ /steəd/ /deə/
/‟eəpleɪn/ /keəs/ /heə/
/‟eəlʌɪn/ /ʃeər:iŋ/ /peə/
8 /uə/
- /‟tʊərɪst/ /kjʊə/
- /ɪn‟ʃʊərəns/ /pʊə/
- /‟djʊərɪŋ/ /ʃʊə/
- /‟tʊərɪŋ/ /pjʊə/
- /rʊəd/ /‟məʊə/
PART B
PHRASE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO GROUP DIPHTHONG
SOUNDS PHRASES
1
/I/
/e ɪ /
/we ɪ t „te ɪ bəl/
/‟dr ʌɪ və re ɪ sd/
/preɪ „sʌmθɪŋ/
2 /a ɪ /
/s ʌ m la ɪ t/
/wa ɪ t „pe ɪ pə/
/s ʌ n ra ɪ z/
3 / ɔɪ /
/mɔɪst „klʌɪmət/
/re ɪ t h ɔɪ st/
/dʒapə‟ni:z s ɔɪ l/
4
/U/
/əu/
/ð ɛ : hə ʊ m/
/hʌʃt təʊns/
/k ɑ :d ‘pəʊ kə/
5 /au/ /la ʊ d „mju:z ɪ k/
/r ʌɪ t ma ʊ s/
/ha ʊ s pr ʌɪ s/
6
/ə/
/ ɪ ə/
/‟kampɪŋ ɡɪə/
/d ɪ ə ‘l ɪ təl/
/ ɡʊ d j ɪ ə/
7 /eə/
/θri: peə/
/teə „sʌmwʌn/
/‟tɛ di beə/
8 /uə/
/kən’t ɪ nj ʊ əs əd‟v ɑ :ns/
/‟pə:mənənt ‘m ʊ ər ɪ ŋ/
/‘sɪnjʊəs treɪl/
PART C
SENTENCE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
1. /e ɪ /
a. /ʃi: wəs hɑ:f ən „aʊə leɪt fɔ: hə: lʌntʃ/
b. /ə ‟pleɪə həs feɪld ə drʌɡs tɛst/
2. /a ɪ /
a. /ai həʊp wɪə „du:ɪŋ ðə raɪt θɪŋ/
b. /ə taʊn ɒn ði: „ʌðə saɪd ɒv ðə „rɪvə/
3. / ɔɪ /
a. /‟rʌɪtɪŋ ə bʌɪ‟ɒɡrəfi ɪz ə ‟vɔɪɪdʒ ɒv dɪ‟skʌvəri/
b. /ɪts ‘pɔɪntləs tʊ plan tu: fɑ: ə‟hɛd/
4. /əu/
a. /hi: həd „ɡɪvən „mɪsɪs kɑ: ə ‘rəʊlənd fɔ: hə: „ɒlɪvə/
b. /ɛkə‟nɒmɪk „paʊə „ɡravɪteɪt tə‟wɔ:dz ðə ‘ləʊlənds/
5. /au/
a. /aʊtʃ! aɪv „trɒdn ɒn ə „θɪsəl/
b. /hi: drɒpəd „ɪntʊ ə dɪ‟fɛnsɪv kraʊtʃ/
6. / ɪ ə/
a. /ðə „peɪpəbak ɪ‟dɪʃən „dɪdənt ə’pɪə fɔ: ə‟nʌðə tu: jɪəz/
b. /ðə prʌɪm ɛndʒɪ’nɪə ɒv ði: ə‟prəʊtʃ/
7. /eə/
a. /aɪ wɒnti:d ðə „fju:nərəl tʊ bi: ə „faməli ə’feə/
b. /ə „nɔɒn zi dʒɒb kʊd „pə:mənəntli ɪm’peə ðeə „hɪərɪŋ/
8. /uə/
a. /hi: ɡeɪv ən ə’ʃʊərəns ðat wə:k wʊd bɪ‟ɡɪn ɒn „mʌndeɪ/
b. /ðə „aktə:z jɪə:s ɒv ‘djʊərəns vaɪl ɪn səʊp ɒpərə/
PART A WORD TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO TRIPTHONG
SOUNDS WORDS
1 /e ɪ ə/
/ ɡ re ɪə/
/‟streɪə/
/sə‟ve ɪ ə/
/‟leɪə/
/kən‟ve ɪəns/
2 /a ɪ ə/
/‟taɪə/
/‟baɪə/
/‟flaɪə/
/ta ɪəd/
/‟traɪəl/
3 / ɔɪ ə/
/‟lɔɪəl/
/‟rɔɪəl/
/ ɪm‟plɔɪə/
/ə‟n ɔɪə/
/d ɪ‟strɔɪə/
4 /əuə/
/‟ləʊə/
/‟bləʊə/
/‟ɡ rə ʊə/
/‟nəʊə/
/‟θrəʊə/
5 /auə/
/a ʊəz/
/‟paʊəfʊ l/
/‟flaʊə/
/‟kaʊəd/
/‟ʃ a ʊəri/
PART B
PHRASE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
NO TRIPTHONG
SOUNDS PHRASES
1 /e ɪ ə/ /p /spr /ti:m ’ple ɛ st ’spre ɪ ŋ ’we ɪ ɪ ɪ ə/ ə/ ə/
2 /a ɪ ə/ /‟ ɛ /‟ə /‟k nəmis kən’spa ʊ ʌ nli sə’spa ntri skwa ɪ ɪ ə/ ə/ ɪ əd/
3 / ɔɪ ə/ /prə’f /‟dʒɛ /dʒə ɛʃ nərəl ’l ʊ ənəl ə’n b ’l ɔɪ ɔɪə əli/ ɔɪ / ə/
4 /əuə/ /m /’k ɪ ’kan /ənd ’nə ɒ l ɪ dʒ rə ɪ kəl ‘sə ʊ ə/ ʊ ə/ ʊ ə/
5 /auə/ /t /best ’ba /wi:t ‘fla ʃə :t ʃ ’ta ʊ ʊ ʊə ə/ ə/ /
PART C
SENTENCE TEST
PRONUNCIATION TEST FOR THE STUDENTS
1. /e ɪ ə/
a. /wʌn ɒv fɪlmdəms‟ məʊst „pɒpjʊlə pɔ:’treɪəs ɒv „brɪtɪʃ „si:krɪt
„eɪdʒənt „zɪərəʊ „zɪərəʊ „sɛvən (007) ɪz ɪn ɪndə‟ni:ʒə, bʌt nɒt tʊ fɪlm ə nju: dʒeɪmz bɒnd „mu:vi/
b. /ðə lɔ:d meɪə ɒv „lʌndən/
2. /a ɪ ə/
a. /„ʃɛli „wɒzənt ə „vɛri ɡʊd ‘laɪə/
b. /ðə „wɛ:haʊs həs bi:n „badli „damɪdʒ bʌɪ ‘faɪə/
3. / ɔɪ ə/
a. /ən „ɛlɪɡənt ‘fɔɪeɪ li:ds dʌɪ‟rɛktli tʊ ðə „lɪvɪŋ rʊm/
b. /’lɔɪəlɪst ə „pə:sən hu: sə‟pɔ:t ðə „ju:njɪən bɪ‟twi:n ɡreɪt „brɪtən ənd
„nɔ;ðən „ʌɪələnd/
4. /əuə/
a. /ju: ʃʊd kli:n jʊə ‘məʊə i:tʃ tʌɪm ju: ju:z ɪt/
b. /„prəʊɡrɛs wəs sləʊə ðən ɪk‟spɛkt:id/
5. /auə/
c. /hi: həd bi:n ‘skaʊə:iŋ ðə „peɪpə fɔ: wi:ks, lʊk:iŋ fɔ: ə dʒɒb/
d. /ðə kɔ:ts wə ɪm’paʊə tʊ ɪm‟pəʊz ðə dɛθ „sɛntəns fɔ: „sə:tən krʌɪms/
IDENTIFICATION OF ERRORS IN ENGLISH DIPHTHONG AND TRIPHTHONG SOUNDS
Identification of Errors in English Diphthong sounds Pronunciation Error Analysis
Word Transcription
Respondents Dictionary As Recorded
/e ɪ /
Hay /heɪ/ */haɪ/ 8, 12, 24, 26, 35, 36, 47,
66, 72.
Able /‟eɪbəl/ */‟ebəl/
3, 4, 8, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 27, 34, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 55, 58, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79, 80.
Grape /ɡreɪp/ */ɡrep/
1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17, 23, 24, 27, 37, 40, 43, 44, 55, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 80.
Late / leɪt/ */ let/
1, 3, 6, 9, 23, 27, 40, 44, 46, 47, 54, 55, 64, 69, 73, 80.
Failed / feɪld/ */ faɪld/
3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 37, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 54, 55, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69, 73, 74, 75, 80.
/a ɪ /
Idea /aɪ‟dɪə/ */adɪə/ 13, 15, 38, 47, 59, 75.
Island /‟aɪlənd/ */‟ɪslənd/ 1, 13, 16, 40, 47, 58, 72, 79.
Vice /vaɪs/ */vɪs/
1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 45, 46, 54, 55, 58, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 80.
/ ɔɪ /
Oyster /‟ɔɪstə/ */‟ɔstə/ 9, 11, 12, 16, 18, 23, 39, 40, 44, 55.
*/‟ɔustə/ 3, 14, 31, 37, 68, 73, 80.
Soil / sɔɪl/ */ sɔl/ 3, 11, 14, 39, 40, 55, 73, 80.
Voyage /‟vɔɪɪdʒ/ */‟vɔyedʒ/ 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 55, 57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80.
/əu/
Over /‟əʊvə/
*/‟oʊvə/
4, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 54, 55, 57, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70.
*/‟ovə/
1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 17, 35, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 56, 58, 59, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Bone /bəʊn/
*/boʊn/
1, 2, 4, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 27, 32, 33, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 56, 57, 64, 65, 66, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
*/bon/
6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 30, 31, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 54, 55, 58, 59, 68, 69, 70.
Go /ɡəʊ/
*/ɡoʊ/
4, 9, 12, 16, 17, 19, 23, 24, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 70, 79.
*/ɡo/
7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 27, 30, 31, 38, 41, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 65, 66, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Owe /əʊ/ */ow/
1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 15, 19, 26, 27, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Bowl /bəʊl/ */boʊl/
1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Know /nəʊ/ */naʊ/
10, 13, 15, 17, 23, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
*/noʊ/ 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14,
16, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 32, 33, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 64, 65, 66, 79.
Open /‟əʊpən/
*/‟oʊpən/
1, 2, 4, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 35, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
*/opən/ 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 27, 30, 31, 36, 37, 59, 79.
Coke /kəʊk/ */kʊk/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Row /rəʊ/ */roʊ/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Own /əʊn/ */own/
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 35, 36, 37, 38, 49, 50, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Load /ləʊd/
*/loʊd/
1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
*/lod/
3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 67, 79.
Snow /snəʊ/ */snoʊ/ 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 79.
Ovum /‟əʊvəm/ */ovum/
1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Phone /fəʊn/ */phon/
1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
No /nəʊ/ */no/
6, 15, 22, 23, 24, 35, 49, 50, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Homes / həʊms/ */ homs/
8, 10, 16, 19, 22, 38, 42, 44, 47, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Tones / təʊns/ */ tons/
1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 27, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Poker /„pəʊkə/ */„pouk/
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44,48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59,
60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Roland /„rəʊlənd/ */„rolənd/
3, 10, 15, 16, 19, 22, 34, 38, 51, 52, 53, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Lowlands /„ləʊlənds/
*/„laulənds/
1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 15, 18, 19, 24, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35, 48, 51, 53. 56, 62, 63, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
*/„lolənds/
6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 22, 23, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 49, 50, 52, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
/au/
Out /aʊt/ */oʊt/
9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 20, 21, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Doubt /daʊt/ */doʊt/
1, 2, 9, 10, 13,14, 16, 17, 23, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
How /haʊ/ */hoʊ/ 5, 9, 10, 13,14, 16, 17,
41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 68.
Outcome /‟aʊtkʌm/ */oʊtkʌm/
5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 68.
Bout /baʊt/ */boʊt/
1, 2, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Now /naʊ/ */noʊ/
11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 68.
Outsize /‟aʊtsʌɪz/ */oʊtsʌɪz/
1, 2, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 27, 35, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47, 68, 69, 79.
Found /faʊnd/ */foʊnd/
4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60,
61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 79.
Cow /kaʊ/ */koʊ/
1, 2, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71.
Outer /‟aʊtə/ */oʊtə/
4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 27, 30, 32, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 79.
Rouse /raʊz/ */roʊz/
1, 2, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 39, 48, 49, 54, 66, 68, 69, 71, 79.
Bow /baʊ/ */boʊ/
3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20, 27, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80.
Output /‟aʊtpʊt/ */oʊtpʊt/
3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 59, 61, 64, 65, 78, 79.
Towns /taʊns/ */toʊns/
1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 48, 49, 50, 54, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72.
Low /laʊ/ */loʊ/
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73.
Loud /laʊd/ */loʊd/
4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 48, 49, 50, 54, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72.
Mouse /maʊs/ */ moʊs/
9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 74, 75, 78, 79.
House /haʊs/ */hoʊs/
4, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73.
Ouch! /aʊtʃ!/ */oʊtʃ!/
1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 59, 74, 75, 78, 79.
Crouch / kraʊtʃ/ */ kroʊtʃ/
3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79.
/ ɪ ə/
Ear /ɪə/ */ɪ:r/
1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 16, 22, 26, 29, 34, 36, 37, 39, 44, 46, 48, 53, 57, 58, 59, 61, 68, 70, 78.
Real /rɪəl/ */rɪl/
6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 25, 28, 34, 36, 37, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 56, 58, 67, 68, 70, 73, 75, 79.
Near /nɪə/ */nɪr/
9, 10, 11, 16, 19, 22, 26, 34, 37, 38, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52, 61, 67, 70, 73, 79.
Earmark /‟ɪəmɑ:k/ */‟ɪrmɑ:k/
4, 6, 9, 15, 19, 24, 25, 26, 34, 36, 43, 44, 45, 49, 53, 59, 62, 68, 70, 73, 76, 77, 80.
Beard /bɪəd/ */bɪrd/
3, 4, 9, 10, 18, 21, 25, 29, 35, 36, 43, 45, 53, 59, 61, 68, 73, 74, 79.
Beer /bɪə/ */bɪr/
3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 21, 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 49, 54, 61, 68, 70, 73, 79.
Earphone /„ɪəfəʊn/ */„ɪrphon/
7, 8, 10, 17, 19, 22, 23, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37, 39, 44, 45, 54, 61, 67, 69, 72, 79.
Steered /stɪəd/ */stɪrd/
3, 4, 6, 9, 16, 19, 23, 26, 35, 37, 40, 44, 46, 50, 54, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 68, 73, 79.
Clear /klɪə/ */klɪr/
6, 11, 14, 17, 20, 21, 24, 28, 32, 36, 37, 43, 46, 47, 50, 54, 60, 65, 70, 73,79.
Eerie /„ɪəri/ */„ɪ:ri/
4, 9, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 35, 38, 40, 44, 45, 50, 54, 55, 59, 62, 68, 79.
Weary /‟wɪəri/ */‟wɪ:ri/ 3, 5, 6, 10, 14, 16, 23, 27, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44, 48, 51,
52, 56, 59, 60, 64, 80.
Earmuffs /‟ɪəmʌfs/ */‟ɪrmʌfs/
8, 10, 12, 18, 19, 26, 35, 37, 38, 44, 47, 49, 54, 60, 68, 70, 80.
Really /‟rɪəli/ */‟rɪ:li/
9, 14, 17, 20, 22, 27, 34, 37, 40, 41, 45, 48, 55, 57, 68, 72, 76, 77.
Fear /fɪə/ */fɪr/
6, 7, 10, 16, 19, 21, 31, 35, 36, 41, 43, 45, 49, 55, 59, 69, 70, 74, 80.
Year / jɪə/ */ yər/
1, 4, 5, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 23, 34, 36, 40, 45, 50, 55, 59, 63, 64, 65, 69, 72, 75, 78.
Engineer /ɛndʒɪ‟nɪə/ * /ɛndʒɪ‟nər/
3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 32, 35, 37, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50, 55, 59, 60.
68, 70, 74, 80.
/eə/
Air /eə/ */eɪr/
1, 4, 6, 13, 15, 19, 26, 31, 34, 36, 39, 41, 47, 54, 68, 73, 79.
Rarely /‟reəli/ */‟reli/
7, 11, 17, 18, 22, 23, 26, 34, 36, 47, 54, 55, 59, 61, 68, 71, 78.
Fair /feə/ */feɪr/ 5, 11, 16, 21, 23, 24, 30, 46, 48, 56, 67, 70, 73, 76.
Airborne /‟eəbɔ:n/ */‟e ɪrbɔ:n/
1, 6, 11, 17, 21, 22, 29, 36, 37, 42, 46, 56, 67, 70, 77.
Chairs /tʃeə/ */tʃeɪrs/
8, 9, 12, 13, 18, 21, 25, 34, 40, 44, 47, 56, 59, 66, 70, 76, 78.
Aircraft /‟eəkrɑ:ft/ */‟e ɪrkrɑ:ft/
1, 4, 6, 16, 19, 22, 23, 26, 45, 48, 55, 62, 68, 72, 76, 77, 79.
Stared /steəd/ */steɪrd/
6, 11, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 46, 54, 55, 63, 68, 72, 75, 79.
Airplane /‟eəpleɪn/ */‟e ɪrpleɪn/
9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 19, 29, 45, 54, 55, 57, 59, 62, 68, 73, 80.
Hair /heə/ */heɪr/ 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16,21, 29, 36, 37, 39, 44, 53, 65, 70.
Airline /‟eəlʌɪn/ */‟e ɪrlʌɪn/ 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 21, 25, 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45,
53, 62, 68, 72, 73.
Sharing /ʃeər:iŋ/ */ʃer:iŋ/
6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 31, 32, 37, 40, 44, 46, 57, 58, 63, 68, 70, 73, 80.
Pear /peə/ */pɪər/
2, 3, 12, 17, 18, 20, 23, 33, 35, 38, 41, 45, 53, 65, 70, 75.
Pairs /peə/ */peɪrs/
5, 8, 9, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, 34, 36, 39, 45, 65, 75, 80.
Tear /teə/ */tɪər/ 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 45, 49, 53, 58, 65, 69, 74.
Bear /beə/ */bɪər/
3, 6, 12, 16, 17, 19, 24, 28, 36, 37, 39, 45, 51, 64, 69, 70, 80.
Affair /ə‟feə/ */ə‟feɪr/
3, 4, 9, 17, 19, 27, 28, 35, 37, 39, 45, 48, 51, 64, 69, 74.
Impair /ɪm‟peə/ */ɪm‟peɪr/
4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 20, 27, 36, 37, 40, 46, 51, 58, 64, 70, 74.
/uə/
Cure /kjʊə/ */kjʊr/ 9, 14, 22, 23, 36, 37, 44, 46, 74.
Poor /pʊə/ */pʊr/ 9, 14, 19, 23, 36, 37, 44, 46, 74.
During /‟djʊərɪŋ/ */‟djʊrɪŋ/ 9, 15, 16, 17, 22, 26, 34, 43, 45, 47, 55, 68.
Sure /ʃʊə/ */ʃʊr/ 1, 4, 11, 12, 37, 38, 44,
46, 75.
Pure /pjʊə/ */pjʊr/ 1, 4, 11, 12, 37, 38, 44, 46, 75.
Rude /rʊəd/ */rʊd/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80.
Mower /‟məʊə/ */‟mowə/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80.
Continuous /kən‟tɪnjʊəs/ */kən‟tɪnjʊs/ 4, 6, 12, 16, 23, 26, 34, 39, 45, 56, 58, 68, 70, 73.
Mooring /„mʊərɪŋ/ */„mʊrɪŋ/ 12, 15, 19, 22, 36, 38, 47, 65, 70.
Sinuous /„sɪnjʊəs/ */„sɪnjʊs/
3, 4, 6, 12, 16, 21, 26, 34, 39, 41, 45, 54, 56, 58, 68, 70, 73, 77, 80.
Durance /„djʊərəns/ */„djʊrəns/ 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 26, 34, 40, 68, 73.
Identification of Errors in English Triphthong sounds Pronunciation Error Analysis
Word Transcription
Respondents Dictionary As Recorded
/e ɪ ə/
Strayer /‟streɪə/ */‟straɪə/
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 21, 22, 24, 26, 35, 36, 39, 44, 54, 55, 59, 62, 66, 68, 72, 77, 79, 80.
Layer /‟leɪə/ */‟laɪə/
3, 4, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 26, 27, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 55, 62, 65, 68, 74, 79, 80.
Conveyance /kən‟veɪəns/ */kən‟vɪəns/
2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 35, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 51, 55, 59, 67, 68, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80.
Weigher /‟weɪə/ */‟weɪgə/
6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 22, 23, 31, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 47, 51, 54, 55, 67, 73, 76, 79, 80.
Portrayers /pɔ:‟treɪəs/ */pɔ:‟traɪəs/
4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 26, 30, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45,
46, 48, 54, 55, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 73, 75, 77, 80.
Mayor /meɪə/ */maɪə/
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, 48, 51, 56, 65, 68, 76.
/a ɪ ə/
Tired /taɪəd/ */taɪrəd/
1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 21, 22, 26, 27, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 44, 47, 55, 59, 64, 68, 69, 70, 73, 79.
Trial /‟traɪəl/ */‟treɪl/
1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 57, 59, 65, 67, 68, 69, 73, 77, 79.
Suspire /sə‟spaɪə/ */sa‟speɪr/
5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 55, 58, 64, 65, 68, 70, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80.
Squire /skwaɪə/ */skweɪr/
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 51, 54, 56, 59, 64, 68, 69, 72, 74, 75, 78, 80.
Conspired /kən‟spaɪəd/ */kon‟speɪrd/
3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44, 45, 46, 53, 56, 58, 59, 62, 68, 70, 75.
Fire /„faɪə/ /„feɪr/
1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 24, 28, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 45, 47, 56, 57, 58, 68, 70, 72, 75, 79.
/ ɔɪ ə/
Loyal /‟lɔɪəl/ */‟lɔyal/2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 48, 51, 54, 55, 57, 59, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80.
Royal /‟rɔɪəl/ */‟rɔyal/
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80.
Employer /ɪm‟plɔɪə/ */ɪm‟plɔyər/
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, 24, 27, 28, 36, 37, 38, 42, 45, 64, 68, 69, 70, 78, 79.
Annoyer /ə‟nɔɪə/ */ə‟nɔyər/
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 48, 57, 59, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 78, 79.
Destroyer /dɪ‟strɔɪə/ */dɪ‟strɔyər/
6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 27, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 57, 59, 64, 68, 69, 70, 78, 79.
Lawyer /‟lɔɪə/ */‟lauyər/
3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 46, 54, 55, 57, 59, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 78, 79.
Loyally /‟lɔɪəli/ */‟lɔyəli/
8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44, 57, 59, 64, 67, 69, 78, 79.
Annoyer /ə‟nɔɪə/ */ə‟nɔyər/
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45,
48, 57, 59, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 78, 79.
Foyer /„fɔɪeɪ/ */„fɔyer/
4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 44, 45, 46, 57, 59, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 78, 79, 80.
Loyalist /‟lɔɪəlɪst/ */‟lɔyalɪst/
7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44, 57, 59, 64, 67, 69, 73.
/əuə/
Lower /‟ləʊə/ */‟lawə/
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 52, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 79.
Blower /‟bləʊə/ */‟blawə/
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 45, 47, 48, 53, 54, 57, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 78, 79.
Grower /‟ɡrəʊə/ */‟ɡrawə/
2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 50, 52, 54, 57, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 78, 79.
Knower /‟nəʊə/ */‟nawə/
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 49, 52, 57, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 78, 79.
Thrower /‟θrəʊə/ */‟θrowə/ 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 49, 54, 55, 57, 59, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79.
Sower /„səʊə/ */„sawə/
2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 57, 59, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 78, 79.
Rower /rəʊə/ */rawə/
3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 57, 59, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 78, 79, 80.
Knower /‟nəʊə/ */‟nawə/
2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 44, 46, 50, 56, 59, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 78, 79.
Mower /„məʊə/ */„moʊə/ All Subjects
Slower /sləʊə/ */slawə/
1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45, 46, 50, 55, 57, 59, 61, 64, 67, 69, 70, 71, 75, 78, 79, 80.
/auə/
Coward /‟kaʊəd/ */‟koʊəd/4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 44, 46, 48, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 63, 64, 67, 69, 71, 74, 79, 80.
Showery /‟ʃaʊəri/ */‟ʃoʊəri/
4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 52, 57, 59, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79.
Bower /‟baʊə/ */‟boʊə/
6, 7, 8,10, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 48, 50, 53, 57, 59, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78.
Tower /‟taʊə/ */‟toʊə/
4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 75, 77, 78, 79.
Flour /„flaʊə/ */„floʊə/
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 57, 59, 62, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 73, 78, 79, 80.
Scouring /„skaʊə:iŋ/ */„skoʊriŋ/ All Subjects
Empowered /ɪm‟paʊə/ */ɪm‟poʊə/
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 34, 36, 37, 42, 43, 45, 47, 50, 57, 58, 61, 65, 68, 70, 73, 74, 78, 79.
DESCRIPTION OF ERRORS IN ENGLISH DIPHTHONG AND TRIPHTHONG SOUNDS
Description of Errors in English Diphthong sounds
Pronunciation Error Analysis Number
of Incorrect
Number of Correct
Word Transcription
Respondents Description of Errors Dictionary As Recorded
/e ɪ /
Hay /heɪ/ */haɪ/
8, 12, 24, 26, 35, 36, 47, 66, 72.
Substitution of Diphthong /eɪ/ with /aɪ/
9 71
Able /‟eɪbəl/ */‟ebəl/
3, 4, 8, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 27, 34, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 55, 58, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /eɪ/ with /e/
27 53
Grape /ɡreɪp/ */ɡrep/
1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17, 23, 24, 27, 37, 40, 43, 44, 55, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /eɪ/ with /e/
24 56
Late / leɪt/ */ let/
1, 3, 6, 9, 23, 27, 40, 44, 46, 47, 54, 55, 64, 69, 73, 80.
Omission of Diphthong
/eɪ/ with /e/ 16 64
Failed / feɪld/ */ faɪld/
3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 37, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 54, 55, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69, 73, 74, 75, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /eɪ/ with /aɪ/
34 46
/a ɪ /
Idea /aɪ‟dɪə/ */adɪə/
13, 15, 38, 47, 59, 75.
Omission of Diphthong /aɪ/ with /a/
6 74
Island /‟aɪlənd/ */‟ɪslənd/
1, 13, 16, 40, 47, 58, 72, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /aɪ/ with /ɪ/
8 72
Vice /vaɪs/ */vɪs/
1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 45, 46, 54, 55, 58, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /aɪ/ with /ɪ/
38 42
/ ɔɪ /
Oyster /‟ɔɪstə/
*/‟ɔstə/
9, 11, 12, 16, 18, 23, 39, 40, 44, 55.
Omission of Diphthong
/ɔɪ/ with /ɔ/ 10
63
*/‟ɔustə/
3, 14, 31, 37, 68, 73, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /ɔɪ/ with /ɔu/
7
Soil / sɔɪl/ */ sɔl/
3, 11, 14, 39, 40, 55, 73, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /ɔɪ/ with /ɔ/
8 72
Voyage /‟vɔɪɪdʒ/ */‟vɔyedʒ/
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 55, 57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79,
Substitution of Diphthong /ɔɪ/ with /ɔy/
51 29
80.
/əu/
Over /‟əʊvə/
*/‟oʊvə/
4, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 54, 55, 57, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
27
33
*/‟ovə/
1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 17, 35, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 56, 58, 59, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Misformation of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /o/
20
Bone /bəʊn/
*/boʊn/
1, 2, 4, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 27, 32, 33, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 56, 57, 64, 65, 66, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
30
30
*/bon/
6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 30, 31, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 54, 55, 58, 59, 68, 69, 70.
Substitution of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /o/
20
Go /ɡəʊ/
*/ɡoʊ/
4, 9, 12, 16, 17, 19, 23, 24, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 70, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
25
33
*/ɡo/
7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 27, 30, 31, 38,
Misformation of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /o/
22
41, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 65, 66, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Owe /əʊ/ */ow/
1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 15, 19, 26, 27, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Misformation of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /ow/
37 43
Bowl /bəʊl/ */boʊl/
1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
53 27
Know /nəʊ/
*/naʊ/
10, 13, 15, 17, 23, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /aʊ/
23
27
*/noʊ/
1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19,
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
30
20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 32, 33, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 64, 65, 66, 79.
Open /‟əʊpən/
*/‟oʊpən/
1, 2, 4, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 35, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
31
37
*/opən/
7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 27, 30, 31, 36, 37, 59, 79.
Misformation of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /o/ 12
Coke /kəʊk/ */kʊk/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /ʊ/
71 9
Row /rəʊ/ */roʊ/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12,
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
65 15
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Own /əʊn/ */own/
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 35, 36, 37, 38, 49, 50, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Misformation of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /owen/
38 42
Load /ləʊd/ */loʊd/
1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71,
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
50 11
72, 73, 74, 75.
*/lod/
3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 67, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /o/
19
Snow /snəʊ/ */snoʊ/
1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
41 39
Ovum /‟əʊvəm/ */ovum/
1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45,46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Misformation of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /o/
67 13
Phone /fəʊn/ */phon/ 1, 2, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10,
Misformation
of Diphthong 69 11
11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
/əʊ/ with /ho/
No /nəʊ/ */no/
6, 15, 22, 23, 24, 35, 49, 50, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Misformation of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /o/
22 58
Homes / həʊms/ */ homs/
8, 10, 16, 19, 22, 38, 42, 44, 47, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /o/
26 54
Tones / təʊns/ */ tons/
1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 27, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38,
Substitution of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /o/
50 30
39, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Poker /„pəʊkə/ */„pouk/
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44,48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /oʊ/
55 25
Roland /„rəʊlənd/ */„rolənd/
3, 10, 15, 16, 19, 22, 34, 38, 51, 52, 53, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /o/
21 59
Lowlands /„ləʊlənds/
*/„laulənds/
1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 15, 18, 19, 24, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35, 48, 51, 53. 56, 62, 63, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /əʊ/ with /aʊ/
25
25
*/„lolənds/
6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 22, 23,
Substitution of Diphthong
/əʊ/ with /o/
30
30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 49, 50, 52, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
/au/
Out /aʊt/ */oʊt/
9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 20, 21, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
32 48
Doubt /daʊt/ */doʊt/
1, 2, 9, 10, 13,14, 16, 17, 23, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
32 48
How /haʊ/ */hoʊ/
5, 9, 10, 13,14, 16, 17, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 68.
Substitution of Diphthong
/aʊ/ with /oʊ/ 14 66
Outcome /‟aʊtkʌm/ */oʊtkʌm/
5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 68.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
22 58
Bout /baʊt/ */boʊt/
1, 2, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44,
Substitution of Diphthong
/aʊ/ with /oʊ/ 28 52
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80.
Now /naʊ/ */noʊ/
11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 68.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
23 57
Outsize /‟aʊtsʌɪz/ */oʊtsʌɪz/
1, 2, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 27, 35, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47, 68, 69, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
19 61
Found /faʊnd/ */foʊnd/
4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
36 44
Cow /kaʊ/ */koʊ/
1, 2, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
30 50
Outer /‟aʊtə/ */oʊtə/
4, 5, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 27, 30, 32, 44,
Substitution of Diphthong
/aʊ/ with /oʊ/ 20 60
58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 79.
Rouse /raʊz/ */roʊz/
1, 2, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 39, 48, 49, 54, 66, 68, 69, 71, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
31 49
Bow /baʊ/ */boʊ/
3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20, 27, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
28 62
Output /‟aʊtpʊt/ */oʊtpʊt/
3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 59, 61, 64, 65, 78, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
20 60
Towns /taʊns/ */toʊns/
1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 48, 49, 50, 54, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
33 47
Low /laʊ/ */loʊ/
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32,
Substitution of Diphthong
/aʊ/ with /oʊ/ 31 49
35, 37, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73.
Loud /laʊd/ */loʊd/
4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 48, 49, 50, 54, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
27 53
Mouse /maʊs/ */ moʊs/
9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 74, 75, 78, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
21 59
House /haʊs/ */hoʊs/
4, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
24 56
Ouch! /aʊtʃ!/ */oʊtʃ!/
1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 74, 75, 78, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /aʊ/ with /oʊ/
36 44
Crouch / kraʊtʃ/ */ kroʊtʃ/
3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17,
Substitution of Diphthong
/aʊ/ with /oʊ/ 47 33
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79.
/ ɪ ə/
Ear /ɪə/ */ɪ:r/
1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 16, 22, 26, 29, 34, 36, 37, 39, 44, 46, 48, 53, 57, 58, 59, 61, 68, 70, 78.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
24 56
Real /rɪəl/ */rɪl/
6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 25, 28, 34, 36, 37, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 56, 58, 67, 68, 70, 73, 75, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
25 55
Near /nɪə/ */nɪr/
9, 10, 11, 16, 19, 22, 26, 34, 37, 38, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52, 61, 67, 70, 73, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
22 58
Earmark /‟ɪəmɑ:k/ */‟ɪrmɑ:k/
4, 6, 9, 15, 19, 24, 25, 26, 34, 36, 43, 44, 45, 49, 53, 59, 62, 68, 70, 73, 76, 77, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
23 57
Beard /bɪəd/ */bɪrd/ 3, 4, 9, 10, Omission of 19 61
18, 21, 25, 29, 35, 36, 43, 45, 53, 59, 61, 68, 73, 74, 79.
Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
Beer /bɪə/ */bɪr/
3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 21, 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 49, 54, 61, 68, 70, 73, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
23 57
Earphone /„ɪəfəʊn/ */„ɪrphon/
7, 8, 10, 17, 19, 22, 23, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37, 39, 44, 45, 54, 61, 67, 69, 72, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
21 59
Steered /stɪəd/ */stɪrd/
3, 4, 6, 9, 16, 19, 23, 26, 35, 37, 40, 44, 46, 50, 54, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 68, 73, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
23 57
Clear /klɪə/ */klɪr/
6, 11, 14, 17, 20, 21, 24, 28, 32, 36, 37, 43, 46, 47, 50, 54, 60, 65, 70, 73,79.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
21 59
Eerie /„ɪəri/ */„ɪ:ri/
4, 9, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 35, 38, 40, 44, 45, 50, 54, 55, 59, 62, 68, 79.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
20 60
Weary /‟wɪəri/ */‟wɪ:ri/
3, 5, 6, 10, 14, 16, 23, 27, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44,
Omission of Diphthong
/ɪə/ with /ɪ/ 21 59
48, 51, 52, 56, 59, 60, 64, 80.
Earmuffs /‟ɪəmʌfs/ */‟ɪrmʌfs/
8, 10, 12, 18, 19, 26, 35, 37, 38, 44, 47, 49, 54, 60, 68, 70, 80.
Omission of Diphthong
/ɪə/ with /ɪ/ 17 63
Really /‟rɪəli/ */‟rɪ:li/
9, 14, 17, 20, 22, 27, 34, 37, 40, 41, 45, 48, 55, 57, 68, 72, 76, 77.
Omission of Diphthong
/ɪə/ with /ɪ/ 18 62
Fear /fɪə/ */fɪr/
6, 7, 10, 16, 19, 21, 31, 35, 36, 41, 43, 45, 49, 55, 59, 69, 70, 74, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ɪ/
19 61
Year / jɪə/ */ yər/
1, 4, 5, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 23, 34, 36, 40, 45, 50, 55, 59, 63, 64, 65, 69, 72, 75, 78.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ə/
23 57
Engineer /ɛndʒɪ‟nɪə/ * /ɛndʒɪ‟nər/
3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 20, 23, 32, 35, 37, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50, 55, 59, 60.
68, 70, 74, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /ɪə/ with /ə/
26 54
/eə/
Air /eə/ */eɪr/1, 4, 6, 13, 15, 19, 26, 31, 34, 36, 39, 41, 47, 54, 68, 73, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /eɪ/
17 63
Rarely /‟reəli/ */‟reli/ 7, 11, 17, Omission of 17 63
18, 22, 23, 26, 34, 36, 47, 54, 55, 59, 61, 68, 71, 78.
Diphthong /eə/ with /e/
Fair /feə/ */feɪr/
5, 11, 16, 21, 23, 24, 30, 46, 48, 56, 67, 70, 73, 76.
Substitution of Diphthong
/eə/ with /eɪ/ 14 66
Airborne /‟eəbɔ:n/ */‟e ɪrbɔ:n/
1, 6, 11, 17, 21, 22, 29, 36, 37, 42, 46, 56, 67, 70, 77.
Substitution of Diphthong
/eə/ with /eɪ/ 15 65
Chairs /tʃeə/ */tʃeɪrs/
8, 9, 12, 13, 18, 21, 25, 34, 40, 44, 47, 56, 59, 66, 70, 76, 78.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /eɪ/
17 63
Aircraft /‟eəkrɑ:ft/ */‟e ɪrkrɑ:ft/
1, 4, 6, 16, 19, 22, 23, 26, 45, 48, 55, 62, 68, 72, 76, 77, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /eɪ/
17 63
Stared /steəd/ */steɪrd/
6, 11, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 46, 54, 55, 63, 68, 72, 75, 79.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /eɪ/
22 58
Airplane /‟eəpleɪn/ */‟e ɪrpleɪn/
9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 19, 29, 45, 54, 55, 57, 59, 62, 68, 73, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /eɪ/
16 64
Hair /heə/ */heɪr/
3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16,21, 29, 36, 37, 39, 44, 53, 65, 70, 71,
Substitution of Diphthong
/eə/ with /eɪ/ 16 64
72.
Airline /‟eəlʌɪn/ */‟e ɪrlʌɪn/
4, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 21, 25, 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 53, 62, 68, 72, 73.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /eɪ/
19 61
Sharing /ʃeər:iŋ/ */ʃer:iŋ/
6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 31, 32, 37, 40, 44, 46, 57, 58, 63, 68, 70, 73, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /eə/ with /e/
21 59
Pear /peə/ */pɪər/
2, 3, 12, 17, 18, 20, 23, 33, 35, 38, 41, 45, 53, 65, 70, 75, 76, 77, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /ɪə/
19 61
Pairs /peə/ */peɪrs/
5, 8, 9, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, 34, 36, 39, 45, 65, 75, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong /eə/ with /eɪ/
17 63
Tear /teə/ */tɪər/
9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 45, 49, 53, 58, 65, 69, 74.
Substitution of Diphthong
/eə/ with /ɪə/ 14 66
Bear /beə/ */bɪər/
3, 6, 12, 16, 17, 19, 24, 28, 36, 37, 39, 45, 51, 64, 69, 70, 80.
Substitution of Diphthong
/eə/ with /ɪə/ 17 63
Affair /ə‟feə/ */ə‟feɪr/
3, 4, 9, 17, 19, 27, 28, 35, 37, 39, 45, 48, 51, 64, 69, 74.
Substitution of Diphthong
/eə/ with /eɪ/ 16 62
Impair /ɪm‟peə/ */ɪm‟peɪr/ 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17,
Substitution
of Diphthong 20 60
20, 27, 36, 37, 40, 46, 51, 58, 64, 70, 74, 75, 77.
/eə/ with /eɪ/
/uə/
Cure /kjʊə/ */kjʊr/
9, 14, 22, 23, 36, 37, 44, 46, 74.
Omission of Diphthong /ʊə/ with /ʊ/
9 71
Poor /pʊə/ */pʊr/
9, 14, 19, 23, 36, 37, 44, 46, 74.
Omission of Diphthong /ʊə/ with /ʊ/
9 71
During /‟djʊərɪŋ/ */‟djʊrɪŋ/
9, 15, 16, 17, 22, 26, 34, 43, 45, 47, 55, 68.
Omission of Diphthong
/ʊə/ with /ʊ/ 12 68
Sure /ʃʊə/ */ʃʊr/
1, 4, 11, 12, 37, 38, 44, 46, 75.
Omission of Diphthong /ʊə/ with /ʊ/
9 71
Pure /pjʊə/ */pjʊr/
1, 4, 11, 12, 37, 38, 44, 46, 75.
Omission of Diphthong /ʊə/ with /ʊ/
9 71
Rude /rʊəd/ */rʊd/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /ʊə/ with /ʊ/
58 22
Mower /‟məʊə/ */‟mowə/
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
Substitution of Diphthong
/ ʊə/ with /wə/
76 14
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80.
Continuous /kən‟tɪnjʊəs/ */kən‟tɪnjʊs/
4, 6, 12, 16, 23, 26, 34, 39, 45, 56, 58, 68, 70, 73.
Omission of Diphthong
/ʊə/ with /ʊ/ 14 64
Mooring /„mʊərɪŋ/ */„mʊrɪŋ/
12, 15, 19, 22, 36, 38, 47, 65, 70.
Omission of Diphthong /ʊə/ with /ʊ/
9 71
Sinuous /„sɪnjʊəs/ */„sɪnjʊs/
3, 4, 6, 12, 16, 21, 26, 34, 39, 41, 45, 54, 56, 58, 68, 70, 73, 77, 80.
Omission of Diphthong /ʊə/ with /ʊ/
19 61
Durance /„djʊərəns/ */„djʊrəns/
6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 26, 34, 40, 68, 73.
Omission of Diphthong
/ʊə/ with /ʊ/ 17 63
Description of Errors in English Triphthong sounds
Pronunciation Error Analysis Number
of Incorrect
Number of Correct
Word Transcription
Respondents Description of Errors Dictionary As Recorded
/eɪ ə/
Strayer /‟streɪə/ */‟straɪə/
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 21, 26, 36, 39, 44, 55, 59, 62, 66, 72, 77, 79.
Substitution of Triphthong
/eɪə/ with
/aɪə/ 20 60
Layer /‟leɪə/ */‟laɪə/
3, 4, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 26, 27, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 55, 62, 65, 68, 74, 79, 80.
Substitution of Triphthong
/eɪə/ with
/aɪə/ 25 55
Conveyance /kən‟veɪəns/ */kənvɪəns/
2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 35, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 51, 55, 59, 67, 68, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80.
Omission of Triphthong
/eɪə/ with /ɪə/
27 53
Weigher /‟weɪə/ */‟weɪgə/
6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 22, 23, 31, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 47, 51, 54, 55, 67, 73, 76, 79, 80.
Omission of Triphthong
/eɪə/ with /eɪ/
26 54
Portrayers /pɔ:‟treɪəs/ */pɔ:‟traɪəs/
4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 26, 30, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48, 54,
Substitution of Triphthong
/eɪə/ with
/aɪə/ 35 45
55, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 73, 75, 77, 80.
Mayor /meɪə/ */maɪə/
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 46, 48, 51, 56, 65, 68, 76.
Substitution of Triphthong
/eɪə/ with /aɪə/
28 52
/aɪə/
Tired /taɪəd/ */taɪrəd/
1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, 17, 21, 22, 26, 27, 34, 39, 41, 44, 47, 55, 59, 64, 68, 73, 79.
Omission of Triphthong
/aɪə/ with
/aɪ/ 24 56
Trial /‟traɪəl/ */‟treɪl/
1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 57, 59, 65, 67, 68, 69, 73, 77, 79.
Substitution of Triphthong
/aɪə/ with /eɪ/
32 48
Suspire /sə‟spaɪə/ */sa‟speɪr/
5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 55, 58, 64, 65, 68, 70, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80.
Substitution of Triphthong
/aɪə/ with /eɪ/
33 47
Squire /skwaɪə/ */skweɪr/ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14,
Substitution
of Triphthong 37 43
15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 51, 54, 56, 59, 64, 68, 69, 72, 74, 75, 78, 80.
/aɪə/ with /eɪ/
Conspired /kən‟spaɪəd/ */kon‟speɪrd/
3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44, 45, 46, 53, 56, 58, 59, 62, 68, 70, 75.
Substitution of Triphthong
/aɪə/ with /eɪ/
29 51
Fire /„faɪə/ /„feɪr/
1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 24, 28, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 45, 47, 56, 57, 58, 68, 70, 72, 75, 79.
Substitution of Triphthong
/aɪə/ with /eɪ/
28 52
/ɔɪə/
Loyal /‟lɔɪəl/ */‟lɔyal/2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 51, 54, 55, 57, 59, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68,
Misformation of Triphthong
/ɔɪə/ with /ɔy/
62 18