CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusion above, the researcher tries to give suggestions as follows:
1. For the Teachers
The teacher should give more explainations about the English grammar (structures / rules) in some aspects such as in using auxiliary, preposition, pronoun, conjunction, word formation, and changing form of the verb in order to make the students produce the complete sentence especially in writing a text. By knowing the students’ error, the teacher should help the students to solve their problems. In other hand, the teacher should improve their strategies in teaching grammar.
2. For the Students
The students should learn more about the grammatical structures especially in constructing sentences such as the use of verbs in tenses, auxiliary, preposition, conjunction, and word order to improve their writing skills. They should also pay more attention in learning and teaching process in order to avoid the grammatical error.
3. Futher Researchers
The researcher expects that this result of this research can inspire other researchers to conduct the research related to grammatical errors analysis to enrich the existing study.
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xvii
68 (Appendix 1)
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
JUDUL: An Analysis on Grammatical Errors in Writing Spoof Text by the Third Grade Students of SMPN 8 Makassar.
Keterangan :
1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai bahan untuk menyusun skripsi pada Program Strata Satu (S1) Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Bosowa Makassar.
2. Tes ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis siswa dalam mengembangkan sebuah karangan yang berbentuk spoof text.
3. Hasil test akan menjadi data penyusunan skripsi pada jurusan pendidikan bahasa inggris fakultas keguruan dan ilmu pendidikan Universitas Bosowa Makassar.
4. Peneliti sangat mengharapkan agar siswa dapat menulis spoof text secara mandiri.
5. Atas partisipasi dan kerjasama para siswa, peneliti mengucapkan banyak terima kasih.
69 Petunjuk Pengisian
1. Tulislah sebuah pengalaman lucu yang pernah anda alami kedalam bentuk spoof text .
2. Komposisi tulisan 50 – 150 kata 3. Waktu menulis 45 menit
4. Tuliskan jawaban anda dalam lembaran soal yang sudah disediakan Direction : Please write down a funny story that you know into spoof
text . Your words about 50-150 words.
Answer
“Good Luck”
Name : Nim :
70
Explanation of Spoof Text 1. Definition
Spoof text is a text which tells the events of the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. It contains an unpredictable event which makes the story funny. Spoof text is different from anecdote text. the difference is spoof text usually tells a personal experience whereas anecdote does not.
2. Generic Structure
a) Orientation : It introduces character and provides setting b) Events : It tells events in chronological order
c) Twist : It closes events with unpredictable and funny ending 3. Language Features
a) Focusing on individual participant like as people, animals, or certain things.
b) Using past sentence
c) Using action verb (ate, ran, drunk, etc)
d) The use of adverbial phrase of time and place (in the school, three days ago, etc)
e) Told in chronological order
f) The use of connective (first, then, finally)
g) Use direct and inderect speech for the dialogues h) Contains twist in the end of story
71 4. Example
GREEN, PINK, AND YELLOW Orientation :
Can you name the colors in English? Yes, you’re right. Blue, red, yellow, and so on. By the way, I have funny story about the colors. Do you want to hear it? Okay, listen to me carefully.
Events :
One day, an English teacher was explaining about colors to his students. After he had finished explaining, he asked his students. “Who can make a sentence using the words green, pink, and yellow?” Kris the cleverest student in the class, quickly raised up his hand and answered,
“when the yellow morning sun comes, I see a beautiful girl wearing a pink dress walking through the green grass”.
“Great! Kris, you are a very good student.” said the teacher.
Twist :
“Me, me, sir” Niel, the most stupid student in the class said while rising his hand. And the said, “I heard the telephone was ringing green
…… green, then I pink up the receiver and I said “Yellow, who’s speaking there?”
Taken From : EnglishWorld.com
72 (Appendix 2)
TABLE OF DATA OF SAMPLE
No Name Students’
Initial
Class
1. Afni Jamaluddin B AJB IX. 4
2. Alifia Ayu Azzahra AAA IX. 4
3. Andi Fauziah Nurazisah AFN IX. 4
4. Andi Muhammad Alif Baraqah AMAB IX. 4
5. Andi Nurul Widyadhana Aris ANWA IX. 4
6. Andi Ulwan Alghani Murtan AUAM IX. 4
7. Ariella Nathania Karangan ANK IX. 4
8. Difa Aliyah Fitalaya Azzahra DAFA IX. 4
9. Dody Eurico Papalangi DEP IX. 4
10. Gaitsha Hasyim GH IX. 4
11. Hawila Kezia Isaskar. T. A HKITA IX. 4
12. Hikmah Nurul Jannah HNJ IX. 4
13. Ishmat Khairi IK IX. 4
14. Julietta Masak Ziva Tambing JMZT IX. 4
15. Malika Najwa Azzahroh MNA IX. 4
16. Muh. Ariel Rangga Wijaya MARW IX. 4
17. Muhammad Fadhil MF IX. 4
18. Muhammad Riekfy Sudaryanto MRS IX. 4
19. Nadifah Magfirah Winarno NMW IX. 4
20. Nur Aisya Jamil NAJ IX. 4
21. Nur Auliya’ Muhtadina NAM IX. 4
22. Nurul Aulia Ananda NAA IX. 4
23. Nurul Khafiqaini Kadir NKK IX. 4
24. Nurul Wahdania M. Agus NWMA IX. 4
25. Priscilia Putri Embong Rosari PPER IX. 4
26. Revilya Hersi Khaeruddin RHK IX. 4
27. Shalisyah Amania Fatiha SAF IX. 4
28. Suci Faradiva Firman SFF IX. 4
29. Syifa Salsabillah SS IX. 4
30. Wada’a Gaizhani WG IX. 4
73 (Appendix 3)
THE CALCULATION PERCENTAGE OF ERRORS TYPES
1. Omission Errors
P =
101255
𝑥 100% = 39,61%
The percentage of omission errors are 39,61%
2. Addition Errors
P =
33255
𝑥 100% = 12,94%
The percentage of addition errors are 12,94%
3. Misformation Errors
P =
103255
𝑥 100% = 40,39%
The percentage of misformation errors are 40,39%
4. Misordering Errors
P =
18255
𝑥 100% = 7.06%
The percentage of misordering errors are 7,06%
74 (Appendix 4)
TABLE OF STUDENTS’ ERRORS
The specific descriptions of students’ errors in writing spoof text.
No Students’
initial Errors descriptions Errors Corrections Types of Errors 1. AJB a. In there, we did
some activity.
b. Before ate, we went to wash our hands.
c. When i want to wash my hands, i suddenly slip and falling down on the floor.
d. In other hand, i really shamed.
a. In there, we did some activities.
b. Before eating, we went to wash our hands.
c. When i wanted to wash my hands, i suddenly slipped and fell down on the floor.
d. In the other hand, i was really shamed.
Omission (of plural marker)
Misformation
Misformation (verb)
Omission (of article and auxiliary verb) 2. AAA a. A few months ago, i
and my friends intended to visit my friend’s house, Ababil.
b. Me and my friends meet
Raihan, my
classmate with his father, Mr.
Suminto.
c. Because i’ve called him too often with a “Suminto” call, immediately
shouted “Suminto”
tightly.
d. My friends stared sharply at me.
a. A few months ago, my friends and I intended to visit my friend’s house, Ababil.
b. We met Raihan, our classmate. He was with his father, Mr.
Suminto.
c. Because i’ve called him frequently as
“Suminto”, i shouted immediately
“Suminto” tightly.
d. My friends stared at me sharply.
Misordering (of subject)
Misformation(of subject, verb),
omission (subject, to be)
Misformation (word choice), Omission (subject)
Misordering (adverb) 3. AFN a. That day, i went to a. That day, i went to Omission (subject, to
75 school as usual, but different from normal days.
b. Many teachers didn’t come to teach, because if we learning the lesson will be very distrubed.
c. He told us that we would stop learning because the lessons could not be done because of thick smoke.
d. Then one school started to be excited and cheered for fun.
e. Then a few minutes later, the announcement suddenly ring again.
f. It turned out that the headmaster told him that the lesson would be continued for a little afternoon.
g. We all then laughed.
school as usual, but it was different from normal days.
b. Many teachers didn’t come to teach, because if we learnt the lesson will be very distrubed.
c. He told us that we would stop learning because the lessons could not be done because of the thick smoke.
d. Then one school started excited and cheered for fun.
e. Then a few minutes
later, the
announcement
suddenly rang again.
f. It turned out that the headmaster told us that the lesson would be continued for a little afternoon.
g. Then we all laughed.
be)
Misformation (verb)
Omission (article)
Addition (to be)
Misformation (verb)
Misformation (pronoun)
Misordering (conjunction) 4. AMAB a. Once upon time,
Mr. Dodi looking his student who looking listless and tired.
b. Because that Mr
a. Once upon a time, Mr Dodi was looking at his student who looked listless and tired.
b. Because of that Mr
Omission (article, auxiliary, preposition) and Misformation (verb)
Omission
76 Dodi was angry.
c. He came the student.
d. Yes sir. Last night i difficult to sleep sir.
e. Because that i looking tired and listless.
f. Oh ok, the exam delay until next week.
g. Just for sleep you couldn’t, how you could answer the question?
Dodi was angry.
c. He came to the student.
d. Yes sir. Last night i was difficult to sleep sir.
e. Because of that i am looking tired and listless.
f. Oh ok, the exam will delay until next week.
g. Just for sleep you couldn’t, how could you answer the question?
(preposition) Omission (preposition)
Omission (auxiliary)
Omission (preposition, auxiliary)
Omission (modal, auxiliary)
Misordering (modal)
5. ANWA a. She entering a room in panic.
b. Then young man said “of course, madam. You really need a glasses.
This is barber shop.”
a. She was entering a room in panic.
a. Then a young man said “of course, madam. You really need a glasses. This is barber a shop.”
Omission (auxiliary) Omission (article)
6. AUA a. I playing to my grandmother house which not far from my house.
b. In there, I watch TV with my uncle while hold coin Rp.100.
c. Then i playing the coin turn around.
d. Then the coin i put in forehead.
a. I was playing to my grandmother’s house which not far from my house.
b. In there, I watched TV with my uncle while held a coin Rp.100.
c. Then i played the coin turn around.
d. Then i put the coin on my forehead.
Omission (auxiliary, possesive (‘s))
Misformation (verb), Omission (-ed, article)
Misformation (verb) Misordering(object), Misformation
(preposition),
77 e. Suddenly that coin
slip on my lips and unintentional that coin entering to my mouth.
f. And i don’t realize if the coin swallowed up to my stomach.
g. I’m really shock and don’t tell everyone in my house.
h. After fourthy minutes later, I get stomachache then i go to the toilet and take a poop.
e. Suddenly that coin slip on my lips and unintentional that coin entered to my mouth.
f. And i didn’t realize if the coin swallowed up to my stomach.
g. I was really shocked and i didn’t tell everyone in my house.
h. After fourthy minutes
later, I got
stomachache then i went to the toilet and took a poop.
Omission (possesive) Misformation (verb)
Misformation (auxiliary)
Misformation (auxiliaries), Omission (-ed, subject)
Misformation (verb)
7. ANK a. When event IBB SMPN 8, I was in grade eight.
b. He is scared me with hold lizard and chased me.
c. When Aqil chased me, and then i fell because in front of me there is cabel’s score.
d. And actually what Aqil hold is not lizard but leaf.
a. When the event of IBB SMPN 8, I was in eight grade.
b. He scared me with held a lizard and chased me.
c. When Aqil chased me, i fell because in front of me there was cabel’s score.
d. And actually what Aqil’s hold was not a lizard but leaf.
Omission (article, preposition)
Misordering (noun) Addition (auxiliary), Misformation (verb), omission (article) Addition
(conjunction) Misformation (auxiliary)
Omission (possesive, article), misformation (auxiliary)
8. DAFA a. At the time, i went to my aunt house in Maros.
b. I there with my family.
a. At the time, i went to my aunt’s house in Maros.
b. I went there with my family.
Omission (possesive (‘s))
Omission (verb)
78 c. We are visiting my
aunt because she just has given birth.
d. When we arrived, we shook hand and hug each other.
e. We are served some food and drink.
f. After i say goodbye to my aunt, i left the house.
g. Then i screamed out “aahhhh” loudly while quickly runned away.
c. We were visiting my aunt because she just had given birth.
d. When we arrived, we shook hand and hugged each other.
e. We were served some foods and drinks.
f. After i said goodbye to my aunt, i left the house.
g. Then i screamed out
“aahhhh” loudly while ran away quickly.
Misformation (auxiliary) Omission (-ed)
Misformation
(auxiliary) Omission (plural marker) Misformation (verb)
Misformation (verb), Misordering (adverb)
9. DEP a. i and my
schoolmates handshake while saying
“Assalamualaikum”.
b. In this Pete-pete there are many childs from another school.
c. When i arrived, i want to say “Left, sir”.
d. But i didn’t knew why i suddenly said
“Assalamualaikum”.
e. All of people on this Pete-pete looking at me.
f. I just smiled because i really embarassed.
a. My schoolmates and I handshook while saying
“Assalamualaikum”.
b. In this Pete-pete there were many children from another school.
c. When i arrived, i wanted to say “Left, sir”.
d. But i didn’t know why i suddenly said
“Assalamualaikum”.
e. All of people on this Pete-pete was looking at me.
f. I just smiled because i
was really
embarassed.
Misordering (subject),
Misformation (verb)
Misformation (auxiliary, plural)
Omission (-ed)
Addition (past tense marker)
Omission (auxiliary) Omission (to be)
79 10. GH a. One day during
recess, me and some of my friends didn’t went to the canteen.
b. Then, one my friends invited us to make a video on
the Tiktok
application.
c. When we was dancing and looking at the camera that we put in front of
the window,
suddenly we saw our teacher behind us in the camera’s Hp.
a. One day during recess, some of my friends and i didn’t go to the canteen.
b. Then, one of my friends invited us to make a video on the Tiktok application.
c. When we were dancing and looking at the camera that we put in front of the window, suddenly we saw our teacher behind us in the camera’s Hp.
Misordering (subject) addition (past tense marker),
Omission (preposition)
Misformation (auxiliary)
11. HKITA a. This is my experience when i was in grade 5.
b. On that Bentor we made joke.
c. When i arrived in front my house, i jumped from the Bentor and my legs hurt.
a. This is my experience when i was in 5th grade .
b. On that Bentor we made a joke.
c. When i arrived in front of my house, i jumped from the Bentor and my legs hurt.
Misordering (noun)
Omission (article) Omission
(preposition)
12. HNJ a. On Friday at 11:30 p.m, at the time it was raining.
b. I thought i had i was dead.
c. Finally i wake up and helped my friends.
d. Then we are
a. On Friday at 11:30 p.m, it was raining.
b. I thought i had died.
c. Finally i got up and helped my friends.
d. Then we were
Addition
(unnecessary items) Addition
(unnecessary item) Misformation (verb) Misformation (verb) Misformation
(auxiliary)
80
laughing together. laughing together.
13. IK a. At the time, the question is difficult.
b. After that my friend is run back in seat.
c. Suddenly him is hit a table.
d. Since then my friend has been diligent student.
a. At the time, the question was difficult.
b. After that my friend was running back to his seat.
c. Suddenly he hit a table.
d. Since then my friend has been a diligent student.
Misformation (auxiliary) Misformation (auxiliary, verb), Omission (object) Misformation (subject), addition (auxiliary)
Omission (article) 14. JMZT a. When i was a
elementary school, i have friend who really like singing.
b. One day during the lesson and the teacher who teach is a fierce teacher.
c. And the teacher was doesn’t exist.
d. My friend singing with rather loud voice.
e. And when in the middle of his singing, the teacher came straight away but my friend didn’t know it.
f. But we were silent classmates.
g. Suddenly the teacher
immediately
a. When i was in elementary school, i had a friend who really like singing.
b. One day during the lesson and the teacher who teach was a fierce teacher.
c. And the teacher didn’t exist.
d. My friend was singing with a rather loud voice.
e. In the middle of his song, the teacher came straight away but my friend didn’t know it.
f. We were silent.
g. Suddenly the teacher grabbed my friend’s ear immediately.
Misformation (preposition, verb) omission (article) Misformation (auxiliary)
Addition (auxiliary)
Omission (auxiliary, article)
Addition (conjuction), misformation (noun)
Addition (conjunction, object)
Misordering (adverb)
81
grabbed my
friend’s ear.
h. And we laughed and my friend was punished.
h. We laughed and my friend was punished.
Addition (conjunction)
15. MNA a. my mathematic teacher don’t come to class because she sick.
b. But most us don’t do that, including me.
c. He challenges us to do it.
d. In turning I and Fadil mentioned 10 animals such as cat, dog, fish, frog, snake, duck, chicken, sheep, tiger, and monkey.
e. I and Fadhil silent for a while.
f. Then we laughed together in loud.
a. My mathematic teacher didn’t come to class because she was sick.
b. But most of us didn’t do that, including me.
c. He challenged us to do it.
d. In turning Fadil and I mentioned 10 animals such as cat, dog, fish, frog, snake, duck, chicken, sheep, tiger, and monkey.
e. Fadhil and I was silent for a while.
f. Then we laughed together loudly.
Misformation (auxiliary) and omission (auxiliary) Omission
(preposition) and Misformation (auxiliary)
Misformation (verb)
Misordering (subject)
Misordering (subject) and omission
(auxiliary) Misformation (adverb) 16. MARW a. In that day, my
math teacher do teaching and i am so sleepy because i am staying up in the night.
b. My teacher is give a lesson to his student and i am to sleepy.
c. So i dicide to
a. On that day, my math teacher was teaching and i was so sleepy because i stayed up last night.
b. My teacher gave a lesson to his students and i was too sleepy.
c. So i decided to sleep
Misformation
(prepostion, auxiliary, verb)
Addition (auxiliary), Misformation
(auxiliary), omission (plural marker) Misformation (verb,