INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
1.5 Summary
Humans interact with industrial systems throughout the system lifecycle. By integrating human factors into each stage, the effectiveness, quality, reliability, efficiency, and usability of the system can be
enhanced. At the requirements stage, it is critical for management to appreciate the complexity of human–system interaction and allocate sufficient resources to ensure that human factors requirements are emphasized. During design, human factors should be considered with the earliest design concepts to maximize the match between human capabilities and system operations. As the system develops, human factors must be applied to control and display design and the development of instructions and training programs. Maintenance operations should also consider human factors to ensure that systems can be pre- served and repaired effectively. Human factors are also critical for human error analysis and accident investigation.
This chapter has presented a model of human information processing that addresses most of the rele- vant components of human cognition. Of course, one chapter is not sufficient to communicate all of the relevant human factors concepts that relate to the system lifecycle. But it does provide a starting point for including human factors in the process.
In addition to describing the critical components of human cognition, this chapter has described some of the implications of human cognition on system design. These guidelines can be applied throughout systems design. The specific cases are intended to illustrate this implementation in a variety of domains.
As technology advances and the nature of human–system interaction changes, research will be needed to investigate specific human–system interaction effects. But an understanding of the fundamental nature of human cognition and its implications for system performance can be a useful tool for the design and operation of systems in any domain.
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